The Effect of Local and Systemic Tranexamic Acid on Edema and Ecchymosis in Orbital Surgery

NCT ID: NCT06450392

Last Updated: 2025-12-16

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

150 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-10-07

Study Completion Date

2027-01-31

Brief Summary

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Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a synthetic reversible competitive inhibitor to plasminogen lysine receptor, which prevents plasmin formation and stabilizes the fibrin matrix, thus reducing bleeding. While recent studies have demonstrated the antifibrinolytic benefits of TXA in obstetric and gynecologic conditions, traumatic hemorrhage, cardiac surgery, total knee arthroplasty, and more, there is a paucity of clinical data on TXA use in plastic surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of local and systemic TXA on postoperative periocular ecchymosis/edema in orbital surgery.

Detailed Description

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Patients, who will be undergoing orbital surgery anyways, will be given the option to participate in the study. Informed consent will be obtained in clinic during the preoperative consultation. On the day of surgery in the preoperative suite, study participants will be randomly allocated to one of three groups via computer-generated random numbers:

Group 1: will receive 1g intravenous tranexamic acid (Pfizer, New York, NY) 20 minutes prior to surgery. Group 2: will receive 1.7 mL of subcutaneous tranexamic acid 100 mg/mL (Pfizer, New York, NY) with local anesthetic to the orbit two minutes prior to incision. Group 3: will receive intravenous normal saline and subcutaneous local anesthetic (i.e. standard procedure) as control group.

Twenty minutes before incision time, all patients will receive an intravenous solution. This will be either saline (placebo, participants in group 2 and 3) or 1g of tranexamic acid (participants in group 1). All operations will be performed using the standard of care technique and surgical instruments. All surgery will be performed under intravenous sedation with local anesthesia. Standard skin marking will be drawn, then the surgeon will inject each patient subcutaneously with either (1) a 5 cc mixture of TXA (100 mg/mL) mixed with 2% lidocaine with epinephrine and 0.5% marcaine with epinephrine in a 1:1:1 ratio (local TXA, Group 2) or (2) normal saline 0.9% sodium chloride mixed with 2% lidocaine with epinephrine and 0.5% marcaine with epinephrine in a 1:1:1 ratio (Group 1, Group 3). Degree of ecchymosis and edema in the postoperative photographs will be assessed separately by two graders. Graders will be blinded to treatment groups, and the photos will be completely deidentified.

Immediately following the procedure, the surgeon will take standardized photographs. The surgeon will also take standardized photographs at the regular 7-day postoperative visit. These photos will be deidentified and analyzed for degree of ecchymosis and edema by two blinded graders who will rate the photos using a standard five point grading scale (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe, 4 = profound) as described in the respective outcome measures.

Conditions

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Orbital Edema Orbital Ecchymosis

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. On the day of surgery in the preoperative suite, study participants will be randomly allocated to one of three groups via computer-generated random numbers as described in the Arms and Interventions section.
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Group 1: IV TXA

1g intravenous tranexamic acid (Pfizer, New York, NY) 20 minutes prior to surgery

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Tranexamic Acid in NaCl,Iso-Os 1,000 Mg/100 mL (10 Mg/mL) INTRAVEN INTRAVENOUS SOLUTION, PIGGYBACK (ML)

Intervention Type DRUG

1g IV TXA

normal saline - injection

Intervention Type DRUG

0.9% Normal Saline injection in the orbit

Group 2: Local TXA

1-2mL of subcutaneous tranexamic acid 100 mg/mL (manufactured concentration, Pfizer, New York, NY) mixed with local anesthetic to the orbit two minutes prior to incision

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Tranexamic acid injection

Intervention Type DRUG

100 mg/mL (manufactured concentration) local TXA injection in the orbit

normal saline - intravenous

Intervention Type DRUG

0.9% IV Normal Saline

Group 3: Control

Normal saline and subcutaneous local anesthetic to both eyelids (i.e. standard procedure) as control group

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

normal saline - injection

Intervention Type DRUG

0.9% Normal Saline injection in the orbit

normal saline - intravenous

Intervention Type DRUG

0.9% IV Normal Saline

Interventions

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Tranexamic acid injection

100 mg/mL (manufactured concentration) local TXA injection in the orbit

Intervention Type DRUG

Tranexamic Acid in NaCl,Iso-Os 1,000 Mg/100 mL (10 Mg/mL) INTRAVEN INTRAVENOUS SOLUTION, PIGGYBACK (ML)

1g IV TXA

Intervention Type DRUG

normal saline - injection

0.9% Normal Saline injection in the orbit

Intervention Type DRUG

normal saline - intravenous

0.9% IV Normal Saline

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients undergoing orbital surgery (decompressions, fracture repairs, enucleations, eviscerations, etc.)
* Patients who are at least 18 years of age
* Patients that have the capacity to consent

Exclusion Criteria

* Any history of previous orbital surgery
* Any patient undergoing multiple simultaneous periocular surgical procedures
* Any patient with active infection
* History of stroke or seizure
* History of bleeding/clotting disorder
* Patients who do not comply with the required postoperative follow-up schedule
* Patients who are allergic to tranexamic acid
* Patients who have taken anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents (including aspirin) within 7 days prior to surgery
* Patients who have periocular ecchymosis or edema prior to surgery
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Montefiore Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Anne Barmettler

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Locations

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Montefiore Medical Center

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Anne Barmettler

Role: CONTACT

718-920-4609

Facility Contacts

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Anne Barmettler, MD

Role: primary

718-920-4609

References

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Kono S, Lee PAL, Kakizaki H, Takahashi Y. Orbital haematoma after orbital fracture repair using silicone, polytetrafluorethylene, and poly-L-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite implants. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Nov;59(9):1036-1039. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.01.002. Epub 2021 Jan 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34531075 (View on PubMed)

Colomina MJ, Contreras L, Guilabert P, Koo M, M Ndez E, Sabate A. Clinical use of tranexamic acid: evidences and controversies. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2022 Nov-Dec;72(6):795-812. doi: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.08.022. Epub 2021 Oct 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34626756 (View on PubMed)

Paramo R, Cheng T, Malik A, Fan J, Barmettler A. Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Intra- and Postoperative Bleeding in Eyelid Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Masked, Control Trial. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2024 May-Jun 01;40(3):331-335. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002583. Epub 2024 Apr 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 38624153 (View on PubMed)

Marous CL, Farhat OJ, Cefalu M, Rothschild MI, Alapati S, Wladis EJ. Effects of Preoperative Intravenous Versus Subcutaneous Tranexamic Acid on Postoperative Periorbital Ecchymosis and Edema Following Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Comparative Study. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2024 Sep-Oct 01;40(5):523-532. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002633. Epub 2024 Apr 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 38687303 (View on PubMed)

Artymowicz, A., & Shinder, R. (2022). Effect of subcutaneous tranexamic acid on hemostasis and ecchymosis in dacryocystorhinostomy: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Poster session presented at the ASOPRS 2022 Conference, Chicago, IL, United States.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Zilinsky I, Barazani TB, Shenkman B, Weisman O, Farber N, Martinowitz U. Topical Hemostatic-Anesthetic Solution to Reduce Bleeding During Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Case Control Study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016 Jul 1;15(7):851-5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27391635 (View on PubMed)

Horrow JC, Van Riper DF, Strong MD, Grunewald KE, Parmet JL. The dose-response relationship of tranexamic acid. Anesthesiology. 1995 Feb;82(2):383-92. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199502000-00009.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7856897 (View on PubMed)

Schroeder RJ 2nd, Langsdon PR. Effect of Local Tranexamic Acid on Hemostasis in Rhytidectomy. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med. 2020 May/Jun;22(3):195-199. doi: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0061. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32228311 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2024-15945

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id