Optimizing Physical Function Before Cancer Surgery in Older People at Risk

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

53 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-05-10

Study Completion Date

2024-06-30

Brief Summary

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This randomized controlled trial is a multicentre study designed to explore the effects of preoperative exercise on physical fitness, postoperative complications, recovery, and health-related quality of life in older individuals at risk scheduled to undergo colorectal cancer surgery. The hypothesis is that older patients with low preoperative physical capacity will benefit from preoperative exercise in terms of lower risk for postoperative complications and improved recovery after surgery.

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Detailed Description

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Reduced physical capacity and performance associated with advancing age may decrease the ability to withstand the strain of a major surgical intervention. Exercise prior to surgery is a key component of prehabilitation. The goal of prehabilitation is to enhance preoperative physical fitness to attenuate postoperative decline and possibly decrease the risk of postoperative complications.

A previous observational study showed that better preoperative physical performance in measures of walking distance, leg strength, inspiratory muscle strength and maximal gait speed reduced the risk of severe postoperative complications for older patients undergoing abdominal cancer surgery. Furthermore, gait speed has been suggested to add information to current preoperative risk screening, where a cut of value of a maximal gait speed below 2 meters/second indicates a higher risk for postoperative complications.

This planned trial will be conducted in cooperation with the Karolinska University Hospital, Ersta Hospital, The Stockholm South General Hospital and several primary care units in Stockholm. To target older patients at risk, patients aged 65 and older with a maximal gait speed under 2 meters/second will be included. Participants will be randomized to either intervention- or control group and trained physiotherapists or nurses from the hospitals, will conduct the assessments. All baseline measures will be collected before randomization.

The implementation of standardized cancer care pathways in Sweden has led to reduced time between diagnosis to curative treatment. For colorectal surgery, the time from decision to treatment is set to two weeks. Therefore, an exercise program aimed to enhance physical function prior to surgery require a high intensity and high frequency approach. The exercise program will be home-based and consist of inspiratory muscle training, endurance- and strength exercise under the supervision of trained physiotherapists from primary care units. To assess feasibility of the planned intervention, a pilot study was conducted. The results showed high compliance and acceptability among the participants which provides a starting point for this larger study designed to explore the effects of preoperative exercise on:

1. Preoperative physical function in a short-term perspective
2. Postoperative complications and functional decline
3. Length of in-hospital stay, mortality, health-related quality of life, physical activity level and independency in activities in daily living in a long-term perspective

Conditions

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Colorectal Cancer Postoperative Complications

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Exercise

A high-intensity, home-based, exercise program consisting of inspiratory muscle training (IMT), endurance- and functional strength exercise. The sessions will supervised by a physiotherapist during six occasions and start 2-3 weeks before surgery. IMT will be conducted with an intensity starting from 50 % of maximal capacity, with a self-reported effort of 5-7 on the Borgs CR-10 scale. Endurance and functional strength exercises will be performed at a self-reported effort of 7-8. Interval training, chair stand- and step-up exercises will be key components of the exercise program. Furthermore, the program will include task-specific exercises based on the participants self-expressed needs.

On non-supervised days, participants will perform IMT twice a day as well as endurance and strength training, 2-3 days per week with 1-2 days per week of active recovery in the form of moderate intensity walks. This will be monitored with an activity journal and an accelerometer.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Exercise

Intervention Type OTHER

Preoperative exercise

Control group

Participants in the control group receive pre- and postoperative care as usual. In addition, they will be encouraged to follow the WHO guidelines of moderate intensity aerobic physical activity for at least 150 min per week. Their activity level will be monitored with an accelerometer.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Exercise

Preoperative exercise

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Scheduled surgery due to colorectal cancer or liver metastases from colorectal cancer
* Age ≥65
* A maximal walking speed below 2 meters per second
* Understands and speaks the Swedish language

Exclusion Criteria

* Planned hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) procedure or flap surgery
* Health conditions that prevent participation in assessment or exercise. Such conditions include, but are not limited to, unstable heart disease, severe systematic illness or orthopaedic conditions that may prohibit exercise.
* The need for surgery within 2 weeks
* Permanent wheelchair user
* Residence outside of Stockholm County

Minimum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No