Underlying Mechanisms of Obesity-induced Obstructive Sleep Apnea

NCT ID: NCT04793334

Last Updated: 2024-05-29

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
• Total Enrollment: 110 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2021-03-20
• Study Completion Date: 2026-05-31

Brief Summary

Obesity is a common risk factor for the development of obstructive sleep apnea. However, not all subjects with obesity develop obstructive sleep apnea. This study will attempt to determine the mechanistic drivers between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea.

Detailed Description

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease with major neurocognitive and cardiovascular sequelae. Obesity is a major risk factor for OSA, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Given the rising prevalence of obesity and the lack of adequate therapies for some afflicted patients, further mechanistic work is clearly required. Bariatric surgery is being done increasingly with compelling outcome data emerging; however, clinical response to weight loss is highly variable. In some patients, OSA is not present at baseline, despite morbid obesity, in other patients, OSA resolves following bariatric surgery, while other patients have persistence of OSA despite weight loss, and still other patients can experience re-emergence of OSA in long term follow-up studies after bariatric surgery. OSA can occur due to several major pathophysiological factors including pharyngeal anatomy, pharyngeal dilator muscle dysfunction, unstable ventilatory control, end- expiratory lung volume and arousal threshold. As a result considerable complexity exists in the obesity/OSA relationship, suggesting the need for further research. First, the investigators will perform a baseline evaluation of pathophysiological traits among obese people prior to weight loss surgery. Because some people will have OSA and some will not, the investigators will define the potential mechanisms underlying OSA and potential protective mechanisms among obese people without OSA (pharyngeal critical closing pressure Pcrit primary outcome). Second, the investigators will re-evaluate these same individuals from the standpoint of sleep study and pathophysiological traits six months following bariatric surgery after a variable degree of weight loss. The investigators anticipate that some OSA patients will have resolution of OSA whereas others will have persistence of disease. For non-OSA patients undergoing weight loss, the investigators will have a positive control group which will allow the investigators to account for non-specific effects of weight loss. This aim will allow the investigators to test the hypothesis that pharyngeal mechanics is the predominant mechanism whereby weight loss leads to improvement in OSA. Third, the investigators will perform magnetic resonance imaging during wakefulness at functional residual capacity, total lung capacity and residual volume on participants at baseline and 6months following bariatric surgery. This aim will allow the investigators to perform structure/function assessments in our participants, to define the impact of weight loss on pharyngeal anatomy, and to quantify the lung volume dependence of the upper airway before and after weight loss. The acquired data will also be used for computational modeling including dynamic assessment of pharyngeal function during tidal breathing. As a result of the proposed research, the investigators are confident that the investigators will gain major insights into the as yet unanswered question "why does obesity (sometimes) cause sleep apnea". This research will have major therapeutic implications as it will allow the investigators to individualize therapy for afflicted patients.

Conditions

Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Obesity

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: COHORT
• Study Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

Obese + OSA

Inclusion Criteria:

• Men and women
• Ages >= 18-65 years old
• BMI 35 kg/m2-above
• Scheduled for sleeve gastrectomy (bariatric surgery)
• OSA identified by PSG

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any cardiovascular, pulmonary or renal disease other than well-controlled hypertension or asthma.
• Pregnancy
• Currently smoking
• Any respiratory disorder other than OSA or well controlled asthma
• contraindication to MRI

sleeve gastectomy

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

routine sleeve gastrectomy

Obese without OSA

Inclusion Criteria:

• Men and women
• Ages >= 18-65 years old
• BMI 35kg/m2 and above
• Scheduled for sleeve gastrectomy (bariatric surgery)
• No OSA identified by PSG

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any cardiovascular, pulmonary or renal disease other than well-controlled hypertension or asthma.
• Pregnancy
• Currently smoking
• Any respiratory disorder other than OSA or well controlled asthma
• contraindication to MRI

sleeve gastectomy

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

routine sleeve gastrectomy

Interventions

sleeve gastectomy

routine sleeve gastrectomy

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• - Men and women
• Ages >= 18-65 years old
• BMI 35 kg/m2--and above
• Scheduled for sleeve gastrectomy (bariatric surgery)

Exclusion Criteria

• Any cardiovascular, pulmonary or renal disease other than well-controlled hypertension or asthma.
• Pregnancy
• Currently smoking
• Any respiratory disorder other than OSA or well controlled asthma
• contraindication to MRI

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 65 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Brandon Nokes

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Brandon Nokes

Post-doctoral fellow, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

UCSD - Altman Clinical Research Institute (ACTRI)

La Jolla, California, United States

Countries

United States

Other Identifiers

UCSD HRPP 191948

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id