Foot-skin Microbiome and Metabolomics of Pitted Keratolysis
NCT ID: NCT04781036
Last Updated: 2024-03-18
Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Clinical Phase
NA
Total Enrollment
250 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2023-05-01
Study Completion Date
2024-12-01
Brief Summary
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This study aimed to investigate the skin microbiome and metabolomics of patients with pitted keratolysis.
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Detailed Description
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Pitted keratolysis is a skin infectious disease which can cause an unpleasant smell that can affect self-confidence and interpersonal relationships. The research problem was initiated through a community outreach program organized by the Department of Dermatology Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. From many years of experiences, our dermatologist teams observed that pitted keratolysis was a common disease among naval cadets who wore enclosed footwear for long hours, and it was more prevalent after a boot camp that spanned over months. This disease is chronic with no efficient standard treatment and limited information on the pathogenesis of the disease. Therefore, we propose to conduct a study on the pathogenesis of pitted keratolysis and malodorous feet through a longitudinal study of foot-skin microbiome and associated volatile metabolomic profiles of foot odor. With the unique population, with similar age range, daily activities, and diet, this study will allow to focus on the association of changes in microbiome in relation to pathogenesis of pitted keratolysis and malodorous feet, with fewer cofounding factors.
The skin microbiome is a group of various microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, residing on skin. Human skin microbiome can differ with respect to age, ethnicity, diet, climate and environment. Recently, there have been numerous studies highlighting the association of microbes with pathogenesis of various skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, and psoriasis (references?). In this project, we hypothesize that the alteration of skin microbiome as well as changes in metabolite profiles can be associated with the mechanism of the disease. The skin microbiome data generated in this study will be analyzed for microbial profiles using the QIIME2, a next-generation microbiome bioinformatics platform, and a graphic software package, "Statistical Analysis of Taxonomic and Functional Profiles" (STAMP). In parallel, we will apply a high throughput gas chromatography mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics to detect volatile metabolites present in foot odor in association with the observed foot-skin microbiome. This metabolite information will not only provide an additional aspect of pathogenesis of the disease but also might offer a new standard indicator of foot odor that can be further used in clinical practice. Finally, skin microbiome and metabolomic data will be analyzed using various methods of correlation analysis as well as integrative analysis to gain deeper understanding of the disease mechanism at the molecular levels.
The outcomes of this project will provide insights into the pathogenesis of pitted keratolysis. The scientific knowledge gained from the study will be translated into a more effective treatment of the disease. The human microbiome of healthy population and the disease-specific microbiome data will lay the groundwork to develop a human microbiome database for Thai people. Additionally, the success of the project will allow the development of advanced instrumental methodology and an integrative analysis approach to analyze multi -omics data, which will be great assets in advancing multidisciplinary research.
The skin microbiome is a group of various microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, residing on skin. Human skin microbiome can differ with respect to age, ethnicity, diet, climate and environment. Recently, there have been numerous studies highlighting the association of microbes with pathogenesis of various skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, and psoriasis (references?). In this project, we hypothesize that the alteration of skin microbiome as well as changes in metabolite profiles can be associated with the mechanism of the disease. The skin microbiome data generated in this study will be analyzed for microbial profiles using the QIIME2, a next-generation microbiome bioinformatics platform, and a graphic software package, "Statistical Analysis of Taxonomic and Functional Profiles" (STAMP). In parallel, we will apply a high throughput gas chromatography mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics to detect volatile metabolites present in foot odor in association with the observed foot-skin microbiome. This metabolite information will not only provide an additional aspect of pathogenesis of the disease but also might offer a new standard indicator of foot odor that can be further used in clinical practice. Finally, skin microbiome and metabolomic data will be analyzed using various methods of correlation analysis as well as integrative analysis to gain deeper understanding of the disease mechanism at the molecular levels.
The outcomes of this project will provide insights into the pathogenesis of pitted keratolysis. The scientific knowledge gained from the study will be translated into a more effective treatment of the disease. The human microbiome of healthy population and the disease-specific microbiome data will lay the groundwork to develop a human microbiome database for Thai people. Additionally, the success of the project will allow the development of advanced instrumental methodology and an integrative analysis approach to analyze multi -omics data, which will be great assets in advancing multidisciplinary research.
Conditions
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Microbial Disease
Metabolomics
Study Design
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Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Primary Study Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Blinding Strategy
NONE
Study Groups
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Normal feet
* Swab their feet to analyze foot microbiome via 16s DNA sequencing
* Collect their socks to analyze metabolomics via gas chromatography
Group Type
NO_INTERVENTION
No interventions assigned to this group
Foot odor without pitted keratolysis
* Swab their feet to analyze foot microbiome via 16s DNA sequencing
* Collect their socks to analyze metabolomics via gas chromatography
* Apply 4% chlorhexidine for 2 weeks
* Re-evaluate their feet at time of treatment finish and 1 months after treatment finish. The forementioned methods (swab and collect their socks) will be applied on their feet again.
* The microbiome and metabolomics will be analyzed to evaluate the difference of microbe and substances after treatment.
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
4%Chlorhexidine
Intervention Type
DRUG
4%Chlorhexidine was given to participants with foot odor for 2 weeks
Foot odor with pitted keratolysis
* Swab their feet to analyze foot microbiome via 16s DNA sequencing
* Collect their socks to analyze metabolomics via gas chromatography
* Apply 4% chlorhexidine for 2 weeks
* Re-evaluate their feet at time of treatment finish and 1 months after treatment finish. The forementioned methods (swab and collect their socks) will be applied on their feet again.
* The microbiome and metabolomics will be analyzed to evaluate the difference of microbe and substances after treatment.
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
4%Chlorhexidine
Intervention Type
DRUG
4%Chlorhexidine was given to participants with foot odor for 2 weeks
Interventions
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4%Chlorhexidine
4%Chlorhexidine was given to participants with foot odor for 2 weeks
Intervention Type
DRUG
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Naval rating cadets at Chumpol Naval Rating School, Thailand who volunteer to participate in this study. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants.
* Age ≥ 18 years.
* No underlying disease.
* Normal BMI (18.5-22.9 kg/m2).
* No previous history of pitted keratolysis.
* No previous history of dermatophytosis complex.
* Refrain from washing their feet for 12 hours prior to sampling.
* Age ≥ 18 years.
* No underlying disease.
* Normal BMI (18.5-22.9 kg/m2).
* No previous history of pitted keratolysis.
* No previous history of dermatophytosis complex.
* Refrain from washing their feet for 12 hours prior to sampling.
Exclusion Criteria
* Volunteers who have taken medication or topical antibiotics for pitted keratolysis within 2 weeks before the enrollment.
* Volunteers who have taken oral antibiotics within 2 weeks before enrollment.
* Volunteers who have taken oral antibiotics within 2 weeks before enrollment.
Minimum Eligible Age
18 Years
Eligible Sex
MALE
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Sponsors
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Mahidol University
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Charussri Leeyaphan
Associate Professor
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Principal Investigators
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Sumanas Bunyaratavej, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Mahidol University
Locations
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Department of Dermatology Siriraj Hospital
Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, Thailand
Site Status
Department of Dermatology Siriraj Hospital
Bangkok, , Thailand
Site Status
Countries
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Thailand
References
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Longshaw CM, Wright JD, Farrell AM, Holland KT. Kytococcus sedentarius, the organism associated with pitted keratolysis, produces two keratin-degrading enzymes. J Appl Microbiol. 2002;93(5):810-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01742.x.
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RESULT
Bunyaratavej S, Leeyaphan C, Chanyachailert P, Pattanaprichakul P, Ongsri P, Kulthanan K. Clinical manifestations, risk factors and quality of life in patients with pitted keratolysis: a cross-sectional study in cadets. Br J Dermatol. 2018 Nov;179(5):1220-1221. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16923. Epub 2018 Sep 14. No abstract available.
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RESULT
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RESULT
Makhecha M, Dass S, Singh T, Gandhi R, Yadav T, Rathod D. Pitted keratolysis - a study of various clinical manifestations. Int J Dermatol. 2017 Nov;56(11):1154-1160. doi: 10.1111/ijd.13744. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
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RESULT
Takama H, Tamada Y, Yano K, Nitta Y, Ikeya T. Pitted keratolysis: clinical manifestations in 53 cases. Br J Dermatol. 1997 Aug;137(2):282-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.18211899.x.
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RESULT
Leeyaphan C, Bunyaratavej S, Taychakhoonavudh S, Kulthanachairojana N, Pattanaprichakul P, Chanyachailert P, Ongsri P, Arunkajohnsak S, Limphoka P, Kulthanan K. Cost-effectiveness analysis and safety of erythromycin 4% gel and 4% chlorhexidine scrub for pitted keratolysis treatment. J Dermatolog Treat. 2019 Sep;30(6):627-629. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1543846. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
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RESULT
Leung MH, Wilkins D, Lee PK. Insights into the pan-microbiome: skin microbial communities of Chinese individuals differ from other racial groups. Sci Rep. 2015 Jul 16;5:11845. doi: 10.1038/srep11845.
Reference Type
RESULT
Other Identifiers
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PK microbiome and metabolomic
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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