A Cross-over Randomised Trial Comparing Two Teaching Methods

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

32 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-08-30

Study Completion Date

2022-01-30

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The aim of the study aim to test the null hypothesis which states that there are no significant differences in knowledge retention and exam performance of dental undergraduate students in a Saudi Dental School using two different asynchronous teaching methods . The secondary aim is to analyse students' perceptions to the two teaching methods.

Related Clinical Trials

Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.

Phone-based Audience Response System as an Adjunct in Orthodontic Teaching of Undergraduate Dental Students

NCT04336813

Academic Performance

COMPLETED NA

Acceleration of Alignment of Crowded Lower Anterior Teeth

NCT03659097

Malocclusion, Angle Class I Crowded Teeth

COMPLETED NA

Efficacy of Twin Arch Brackets in the Control of Orthodontic Tooth Movement

NCT05071599

Orthodontic Tooth Movement

UNKNOWN NA

Effect of Extraction Versus Non-extraction Orthodontic Treatment on the Third Molars

NCT04857658

Orthodontic Treatment Via Premolar Extraction

UNKNOWN NA

Assessment of Different Orthodontic Tooth Movements Assisted With Low-level Laser Therapy vs. Injectable Platelets-rich Fibrin

NCT05966987

Injectable Plasma-rich Fibrin Versus Low-Level Laser Therapy on Othodontic Movement

UNKNOWN PHASE1

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Design: The trial was designed as a crossover clustered randomized trial whereby each group/ cluster acted as their control for their learning performance and perception.

Setting: College of Dentistry, Princes Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Consents: The ethical approval was obtained from the Scientific Research Unit at the College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Riyadh (ethical approval PSAU2020030). Written consent was obtained from students before commencing the trial.

Participants: Fourth-year undergraduate dental students enrolled in the preclinical orthodontic course at Prince Sattam University were invited to participate in the study. Students who were registered in the course for the second time were excluded to lessen the bias associated with previous experience of orthodontic teaching. The sample size was based on the total number of students registered in the course at the time of the study.

Randomization: Computer-generated randomization was performed to allocate participants to one of two groups. The sequence of random allocation was concealed from researchers who analyzed the results. Participants in the control group were taught through the virtual traditional learning method (VTL) using live-video streaming, while participants in the intervention group were taught through the virtual flipped learning method (VFL). VTL group included 16 students, while the VFL group included 17 students. We use the term control group to refer to students who studied using the VTL format method across both periods. We also use the term intervention group to refer to students who studied using VFL format across both periods.

Intervention: 4 lectures were delivered asynchronously using two different teaching methods as mentioned above. Participants in VFL had monitored remote access to the recorded lectures for one week, followed by 4 additional small group online discussion sessions. The students in both groups remotely attended all pre-recorded and live-video virtual lectures.

Intervention implementation rounds The intervention was implemented in 3 consecutive weeks. The first lecture (L1: Adult Orthodontics) was taught in the first week. Before L1, all students were asked to complete a set of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) formative exam (i.e., pre-test). Following the pre-test, the lecture was delivered to participants of the VTL group using a passive online teaching format (live-video streaming). L1 was also recorded after obtaining verbal consent from the attendees. After the lecture was completed, students were asked to re-take the same pre-test exam and complete a questionnaire regarding the VTL experience.

Within 24 hours following L1, participants of VFL had 7-day monitored remote access to the recorded lecture of L1, and they were taught using an active teaching model, referred to as the VFL model. Like the participants of the VTL group, participants of the VFL group were asked to complete the relevant pre-test.

At the expiry of remote access to the recorded lecture, participants from VFL were invited to attend post-lecture discussion sessions. To enhance the effectiveness of post-lecture discussion, participants were randomly divided into two smaller subgroups, and the same lecturer facilitated the discussions for each group separately. At the end of each discussion session, participants were asked to re-take the pre-test of L1 and a complete questionnaire regarding their VFL experience.

Following the small group's discussion session, participants of VFL were given a 30-minute break before the start of the second lecture related to the topic of Orthognathic Surgery (L2). However, the intervention was crossed over; hence, the cohort of VFL in week 1 acted as a control group while teaching L2 and vice versa. The same protocol of teaching models that were applied in week 1 was adopted.

Participants of both groups were taught by the same instructor using the same materials, irrespective of the teaching methods. The lectures were delivered using the same presentation platform (PowerPoint, Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA) and the same virtual learning platform (Zoom live-streaming software - Zoom Video Communications, Inc, San Jose, California, Version 5.4.3). The duration of each lecture was 60 minutes, while the post-lecture discussion in the VFL design lasted 15 minutes. Learning outcomes were based on each lecture's learning objectives and outcomes that aligned with what is specified by the National Commission for Academic Accreditation and Assessment in Saudi Arabia.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Educational Problems

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

The trial is designed as a cross-over clustered randomized trial (each group would be a cluster), so that each group will act as their own control for their learning performance and perception.

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

The outcomes assessor and the statistical analyst will be masked

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Passive online

Before L1, all students will be asked to complete a set of multiple-choice questions (MCQs), formative exam (i.e. pre-test). Following the test , the lecture will be delivered to the participants of PG using a passive online teaching format for 60 minutes (i.e., live-video streaming). After the lecture is completed, students will be asked to re-take the same pre-test exam and complete questionnaire regarding their experience with the teaching methods.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Flipped classroom teaching method

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will have 7 -day monitored remote access to a recorded lecture about orthodontic topic. At the expiry of remote access to the recorded lecture, participants from FG will be invited to attend post-lecture discussion sessions. To enhance the effectiveness of flipped classroom teaching method, the cohort of FG will be randomly, using computer generated randomisation, subdivided to two smaller groups in which each group will be consisted of half of the FG cohort. The same lecturer will moderate the discussions for each group separately.

Flipped classroom

Participants of FG will have an access to a recorded lecture. and they will be taught using an active teaching model known as flipped classroom model. In this model, participants will have 7 -day monitored remote access to the recorded L1. Similar to PG, completing the online pre-test formative exam will be preliminary requirement to access the published recorded L1.

At the expiry of remote access to the recorded lecture, participants from FG will be invited to attend post-lecture discussion sessions. To enhance the effectiveness of flipped classroom teaching method, the cohort of FG will be randomly, using computer generated randomisation, subdivided to two smaller groups in which each group will be consisted of half of the FG cohort. The same lecturer will moderate the discussions for each group separately. After the lecture is completed, students will be asked to re-take the same pre-test of L1 and complete questionnaire regarding their experience with the teaching methods.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Flipped classroom teaching method

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will have 7 -day monitored remote access to a recorded lecture about orthodontic topic. At the expiry of remote access to the recorded lecture, participants from FG will be invited to attend post-lecture discussion sessions. To enhance the effectiveness of flipped classroom teaching method, the cohort of FG will be randomly, using computer generated randomisation, subdivided to two smaller groups in which each group will be consisted of half of the FG cohort. The same lecturer will moderate the discussions for each group separately.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Flipped classroom teaching method

Participants will have 7 -day monitored remote access to a recorded lecture about orthodontic topic. At the expiry of remote access to the recorded lecture, participants from FG will be invited to attend post-lecture discussion sessions. To enhance the effectiveness of flipped classroom teaching method, the cohort of FG will be randomly, using computer generated randomisation, subdivided to two smaller groups in which each group will be consisted of half of the FG cohort. The same lecturer will moderate the discussions for each group separately.

Intervention Type OTHER