Macular Perfusion Changes After Anti-VEGF Versus Targeted Retinal Photocoagulation in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

NCT ID: NCT04674254

Last Updated: 2024-01-19

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

43 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-03-30

Study Completion Date

2023-03-15

Brief Summary

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), while proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the principal cause of severe visual loss in patients with diabetes. Since 1981, Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) has been a standard of treatment for PDR. However, PRP can be associated with adverse effects, including visual field constriction, decreased night vision, and worsening of coexisting diabetic macular edema (DME). For this reason, some authors have advocated targeted treatment with PRP. Targeted retinal laser photocoagulation (TRP) is designed to treat areas of retinal capillary non-perfusion and intermediate retinal ischemic zones in PDR that may spare better-perfused tissue from laser-induced tissue scarring.

Protocol S by Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCR.net) has shown that patients that receive ranibizumab as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy with deferred PRP are non-inferior regarding improving in visual acuity to those eyes receiving standard prompt PRP therapy for the treatment of PDR.

Retinal ischemia is an important factor in the progression and prognosis of diabetic retinopathy. Regarding the effect of anti-VEGF drugs on macular perfusion, several studies have shown mixed results with an increase, decrease, or no effect on perfusion in response to anti-VEGF treatment. In many of these studies, however, patients with more ischemic retinas were not included. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was the method used to assess changes in macular perfusion after anti-VEGF injections in most of the clinical trials. Despite its clinical usefulness, however, FA is known to have documented risks. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in macular perfusion evaluation in these cases was recommended by some investigators. Several studies have proved the reliability of OCTA in detecting and quantifying macular ischemia in diabetics.

The investigators aim to compare changes in the macular perfusion in patients with PDR after treatment with anti-VEGF therapy versus TRP versus Standard PRP using OCTA.

Detailed Description

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), while proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the principal cause of severe visual loss in patients with diabetes.

Since 1981, PRP has been a standard of treatment for PDR. However, PRP can be associated with adverse effects, including visual field constriction, decreased night vision, and worsening of coexisting diabetic macular edema (DME). for this reason, some authors have advocated targeted treatment with PRP. Targeted retinal laser photocoagulation (TRP) is designed to treat areas of retinal capillary non-perfusion and intermediate retinal ischemic zones in PDR that may spare better-perfused tissue from laser-induced tissue scarring.

Protocol S by DRCR.net has shown that patients that receive ranibizumab as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy with deferred PRP are non-inferior regarding improving in visual acuity to those eyes receiving standard prompt PRP therapy for the treatment of PDR. However, the effect of both treatment modalities on macular perfusion has been inconclusive with no studies comparing the effect of both.

Regarding the effect of anti-VEGF drugs on macular perfusion, several studies have shown mixed results with an increase, decrease, or no effect on perfusion in response to anti-VEGF treatment. In many of these studies, however, patients with more ischemic retinas were not included. Retinal ischemia is an important factor in the progression and prognosis of diabetic retinopathy.

Fluorescein angiography (FA) was the method used to assess changes in macular perfusion after anti-VEGF injections in most of the clinical trials. Despite its clinical usefulness, however, FA is known to have documented risks and is being replaced by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in macular perfusion evaluation in these cases.

OCTA is a new noninvasive method of acquiring high-resolution images of the retinal vasculature that can be utilized in the management and study of retinal diseases without the need for dye injection. It allows the visualization of both the superficial and deep retinal capillary layers separately and the construction of microvascular flow maps allowing quantitative analysis of vascular parameters.

OCTA uses high-speed OCT scanning to detect the flow of blood by analyzing signal decorrelation between two sequential OCT cross-sectional scans repeated at the same location. Because of the movement of erythrocytes within a vessel, compared to stationary areas of the surrounding retina, only perfused blood vessels will result in signal decorrelation, leading to their imaging. The split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography (SSADA) algorithm improves the signal to noise ratio.

Several studies have proved the reliability of OCTA in detecting and quantifying macular ischemia in diabetics.

The investigators aim to compare changes in the macular perfusion in patients with PDR without macular edema after treatment with anti-VEGF therapy versus TRP versus Standard PRP using OCTA.

Conditions

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Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Overexpression Diabetic Retinopathy

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent

Intravitreal injections of 1.25 mg/0.05 ml of Bevacizumab every 4 weeks through 12- week visit then pro re nata to complete 12 months according to Protocol S.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Bevacizumab Injection

Intervention Type DRUG

Bevacizumab will be intravitreally injected every 4 weeks through 12 weeks then pro re nata thereafter for 12 months.

Targeted retinal photocoagulation

Targeted retinal photocoagulation guided by fundus fluorescein angiography will be administered after topical anesthesia, directed to areas of nonperfused peripheral retina plus a 1-disc area margin using the Mainster lens. Subsequent treatments if needed will be delivered at 3 monthly intervals for a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The extent of the laser applied will be determined based on areas of nonperfusion identified by fundus fluorescein angiography.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Targeted retinal photocoagulation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Targeted retinal photocoagulation will be administered to nonperfused areas detected on fundus fluorescein angiography at baseline and repeated every 3 months as needed for 12 months.

Standard pan-retinal photocoagulation

Standard pan-retinal photocoagulation will be performed at baseline and then every 3 months thereafter if needed, for a minimum follow-up period of 12 months.

PRP will be performed at two consecutive sessions with adherence to the guidelines of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Group. Following topical anesthesia, 1000 to 1200 laser spots will be applied to the retina at each session with a 532 nm frequency doubled Nd-YAG laser (VISULAS, Carl Zeiss, Germany) using a spot size of 300-500 μm. PRP will be applied in all 4 retina quadrants.

The Mainster lens will be used. Retreatment will be done according to the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research network protocol S classification for patients with stable, worsening, or with failure of regression of neovascularization.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Standard pan-retinal photocoagulation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Standard pan-retinal photocoagulation will be applied to perfused and nonperfused areas of the retinal periphery at baseline and every 3 months as needed for 12 months.

Interventions

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Bevacizumab Injection

Bevacizumab will be intravitreally injected every 4 weeks through 12 weeks then pro re nata thereafter for 12 months.

Intervention Type DRUG

Targeted retinal photocoagulation

Targeted retinal photocoagulation will be administered to nonperfused areas detected on fundus fluorescein angiography at baseline and repeated every 3 months as needed for 12 months.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Standard pan-retinal photocoagulation

Standard pan-retinal photocoagulation will be applied to perfused and nonperfused areas of the retinal periphery at baseline and every 3 months as needed for 12 months.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Other Intervention Names

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Avastin

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Patients ≥ 18 years old
2. Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus
3. PDR
4. Central macular thickness less than 300 µm

Exclusion Criteria

1. Central macular thickness more than 300 µm
2. Previous retinal laser treatment
3. Ocular conditions that may affect macular perfusion (e.g. retinal vein occlusion, uveitis, vasculitis etc.)
4. Any previous treatment for diabetic macular edema.
5. Presence of epiretinal membrane involving the macula or vitreomacular traction
6. Media opacity such vitreous hemorrhage and dense cataract.
7. Patients with previous cataract surgery within the last 3 months.
8. Uncontrolled glaucoma
9. Thromboembolic events within 6 months
10. Tractional retinal detachment.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Cairo University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Ayman Gehad Elnahry

Lecturer of Ophthalmology

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Mohamed A Eldaly, MD, PhD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Cairo University

Ayman G Elnahry, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Cairo University

Wael A Yussuf, MD, MSc

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Cairo University

Ahmed A Abdel-Kader, MD, PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Cairo University

Ahmed A Mohalhal, MD, PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Cairo University

Locations

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Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University

Giza, , Egypt

Site Status

Countries

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Egypt

References

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Riaskoff S. Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 1981;197:9-17. No abstract available.

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Alagorie AR, Nittala MG, Velaga S, Zhou B, Rusakevich AM, Wykoff CC, Sadda SR. Association of Intravitreal Aflibercept With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Vessel Density in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020 Aug 1;138(8):851-857. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.2130.

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Muqit MM, Marcellino GR, Henson DB, Young LB, Patton N, Charles SJ, Turner GS, Stanga PE. Optos-guided pattern scan laser (Pascal)-targeted retinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2013 May;91(3):251-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02307.x. Epub 2011 Dec 16.

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Nikkhah H, Ghazi H, Razzaghi MR, Karimi S, Ramezani A, Soheilian M. Extended targeted retinal photocoagulation versus conventional pan-retinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in a randomized clinical trial. Int Ophthalmol. 2018 Feb;38(1):313-321. doi: 10.1007/s10792-017-0469-7. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

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Kozak I, Luttrull JK. Modern retinal laser therapy. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2015 Apr-Jun;29(2):137-46. doi: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2014.09.001. Epub 2014 Sep 28.

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Writing Committee for the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network; Gross JG, Glassman AR, Jampol LM, Inusah S, Aiello LP, Antoszyk AN, Baker CW, Berger BB, Bressler NM, Browning D, Elman MJ, Ferris FL 3rd, Friedman SM, Marcus DM, Melia M, Stockdale CR, Sun JK, Beck RW. Panretinal Photocoagulation vs Intravitreous Ranibizumab for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Nov 24;314(20):2137-2146. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.15217.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26565927 (View on PubMed)

Elnahry AG, Abdel-Kader AA, Raafat KA, Elrakhawy K. Evaluation of Changes in Macular Perfusion Detected by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography following 3 Intravitreal Monthly Bevacizumab Injections for Diabetic Macular Edema in the IMPACT Study. J Ophthalmol. 2020 Apr 27;2020:5814165. doi: 10.1155/2020/5814165. eCollection 2020.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 32411431 (View on PubMed)

Elnahry AG, Abdel-Kader AA, Habib AE, Elnahry GA, Raafat KA, Elrakhawy K. Review on Recent Trials Evaluating the Effect of Intravitreal Injections of Anti-VEGF Agents on the Macular Perfusion of Diabetic Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2020;15(3):188-198. doi: 10.2174/1574887115666200519073704.

Reference Type RESULT
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Elnahry AG, Abdel-Kader AA, Raafat KA, Elrakhawy K. Evaluation of the Effect of Repeated Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injections on the Macular Microvasculature of a Diabetic Patient Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med. 2019 Apr 18;2019:3936168. doi: 10.1155/2019/3936168. eCollection 2019.

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Other Identifiers

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MD-39-2021

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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