The Effect of Forced Air Warming During Caseraen Section on Maternal Hypothermia: Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT ID: NCT04667000
Last Updated: 2025-09-22
Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
NA
Total Enrollment
35 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2021-05-01
Study Completion Date
2022-11-01
Brief Summary
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During the cesarean section; Hypothermia can be seen due to reasons such as anesthesia, premedication drugs, cold operating room environment, exposure of tissues and organs, and use of cold intravenous fluids. Hypothermia associated with cesarean may affect maternal and fetal health negatively. As a result of hypothermia, coagulopathy, infection, undesirable cardiac events that cause an increase in oxygen consumption, delay in postoperative recovery and wound healing, postoperative nausea and vomiting, chills and relief may be observed in the mother. Newborns born from hypothermic mothers have lower body temperature, pH and Apgar scores. It is important to evaluate all women in terms of risk factors in the preoperative period in the prevention of hypothermia and complications related to hypothermia. Prevention of hypothermia, which has negative effects on maternal and newborn health, is one of the risks that the nurse can address independently. Therefore, this research; In order to determine the effect of heating different body areas using compressed air heating technique during cesarean section on hypothermia, tremor, thermal comfort, postpartum comfort and maternal satisfaction, a parallel group was planned as a randomized controlled trial. The study is planned to be conducted in Hacettepe University Adult Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Department delivery room and obstetrics service. Research data, Introductory Information Form (Appendix 1), Obstetric and Postpartum Features Form (Appendix 2), Patient Monitoring Form (Appendix 3), Termal Comfort Perception Scale (Appendix 4), Shivering Level Diagnostic Form (Appendix 5), LATCH Breastfeeding The Diagnostic and Measurement Tool (Appendix 6) will be collected using the Visual Analogue Scale (Appendix 7) and the Thermal Comfort Scale that will be developed by the researchers. Pregnant women who meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the research. Women will be divided into 4 groups as the lower extremities are heated, the upper extremities are heated, the whole body is heated, and the control group. According to the group of women; It will be heated 30 minutes before surgery and 30 minutes after surgery with lower limb, upper limb or whole body. Women in the control group will not be heated.
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Detailed Description
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This study was planned as a parallel group randomized controlled study in order to determine the effect of heating different body parts using forced air warming technique during cesarean section on maternal hypothermia, shivering, thermal comfort, the Apgar score of the newborn and breastfeeding.
In the preparation phase of the research; Determining the rate of hypothermia in women applying to the delivery room of Hacettepe University Adult Hospital for planned cesarean section, determining and procuring the devices to be used in the study, and establishing experimental and control groups will be realized.
Body temperatures of women will be measured for 2 weeks in order to determine the rate of hypothermia in women who have had cesarean section in the institution where the study will be conducted. Body temperature of women will be started 30 minutes before the cesarean section and will be measured every 15 minutes until 30 minutes after the operation. By determining the prevalence of hypothermia after cesarean section in women; It is aimed to reveal the necessity of heating with compressed air heating technique.
* Women are admitted to the delivery room 60-90 minutes before the cesarean operation. The Introductory Information Form will be applied by the researcher using face-to-face interview before the women are admitted to the operating room.
* 30 minutes before the operation, women's body temperature, shivering, blood pressure, pulse and respiratory values will be evaluated every 15 minutes and recorded on the Patient Monitoring Form. In addition, the Temperature Comfort Scale, which will be developed by the researchers, will be applied by face to face interview method.
Applications During Cesarean Surgery
* During the operation, women's body temperature, temperature comfort score, shivering, blood pressure, pulse, respiration and SpO2 values will be evaluated every 15 minutes and recorded on the Patient Monitoring Form.
* With the birth of the baby; The newborn's body temperature, 1st and 5th minute Apgar score will be evaluated and recorded on the Obstetric and Postpartum Characteristics Form.
Applications to be Made Within 30 Minutes After Cesarean Surgery
* After the cesarean operation, women will be monitored in the recovery unit for 30 minutes. Body temperature, temperature comfort score, shivering, blood pressure, pulse, respiration and SpO2 values will be evaluated every 15 minutes after the women are admitted to the recovery unit and recorded on the Patient Monitoring Form. In addition, the Temperature Comfort Scale, which will be developed by the researchers, will be applied to women 30 minutes after the operation for the second time.
* The pain level of women will be evaluated with the Visual Pain Scale 30 minutes after surgery.
* In the institution where the research will be conducted, all women are given a heated blanket at 70 0C when they feel cold and shiver after cesarean section. The number of covers used varies depending on the demand of the woman. Researcher women will not interrupt this routine care they receive. The number of heated covers used by women will be recorded on the Obstetric and Postpartum Characteristics Form.
Applications to be Performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Service after Cesarean Operation
* Information such as the need for analgesia, time to start breastfeeding, first mobilization time, gas, stool and urine output will be obtained from the patient file and recorded in the Obstetric and Postpartum Characteristics Form.
* The pain level of women will be evaluated repeatedly with the Visual Pain Scale (VAS) at the 24th hour after surgery. Due to the effect of anesthesia and the administration of analgesics upon the request of the doctor within the first day after cesarean operation, the VAS score after 24 hours will be evaluated.
* Before discharge, the development of postpartum complications in a woman will be evaluated and recorded on the Obstetric and Postpartum Features Form.
* At Hacettepe University Adult Hospital Gynecology Service, the breastfeeding status of mothers of newborns is evaluated using the LATCH Breastfeeding Diagnostic and Measurement Tool. Effective breastfeeding score assessed by the nurses: LACTH score will be evaluated and recorded on the Obstetric and Postpartum Characteristics Form.
In the preparation phase of the research; Determining the rate of hypothermia in women applying to the delivery room of Hacettepe University Adult Hospital for planned cesarean section, determining and procuring the devices to be used in the study, and establishing experimental and control groups will be realized.
Body temperatures of women will be measured for 2 weeks in order to determine the rate of hypothermia in women who have had cesarean section in the institution where the study will be conducted. Body temperature of women will be started 30 minutes before the cesarean section and will be measured every 15 minutes until 30 minutes after the operation. By determining the prevalence of hypothermia after cesarean section in women; It is aimed to reveal the necessity of heating with compressed air heating technique.
* Women are admitted to the delivery room 60-90 minutes before the cesarean operation. The Introductory Information Form will be applied by the researcher using face-to-face interview before the women are admitted to the operating room.
* 30 minutes before the operation, women's body temperature, shivering, blood pressure, pulse and respiratory values will be evaluated every 15 minutes and recorded on the Patient Monitoring Form. In addition, the Temperature Comfort Scale, which will be developed by the researchers, will be applied by face to face interview method.
Applications During Cesarean Surgery
* During the operation, women's body temperature, temperature comfort score, shivering, blood pressure, pulse, respiration and SpO2 values will be evaluated every 15 minutes and recorded on the Patient Monitoring Form.
* With the birth of the baby; The newborn's body temperature, 1st and 5th minute Apgar score will be evaluated and recorded on the Obstetric and Postpartum Characteristics Form.
Applications to be Made Within 30 Minutes After Cesarean Surgery
* After the cesarean operation, women will be monitored in the recovery unit for 30 minutes. Body temperature, temperature comfort score, shivering, blood pressure, pulse, respiration and SpO2 values will be evaluated every 15 minutes after the women are admitted to the recovery unit and recorded on the Patient Monitoring Form. In addition, the Temperature Comfort Scale, which will be developed by the researchers, will be applied to women 30 minutes after the operation for the second time.
* The pain level of women will be evaluated with the Visual Pain Scale 30 minutes after surgery.
* In the institution where the research will be conducted, all women are given a heated blanket at 70 0C when they feel cold and shiver after cesarean section. The number of covers used varies depending on the demand of the woman. Researcher women will not interrupt this routine care they receive. The number of heated covers used by women will be recorded on the Obstetric and Postpartum Characteristics Form.
Applications to be Performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Service after Cesarean Operation
* Information such as the need for analgesia, time to start breastfeeding, first mobilization time, gas, stool and urine output will be obtained from the patient file and recorded in the Obstetric and Postpartum Characteristics Form.
* The pain level of women will be evaluated repeatedly with the Visual Pain Scale (VAS) at the 24th hour after surgery. Due to the effect of anesthesia and the administration of analgesics upon the request of the doctor within the first day after cesarean operation, the VAS score after 24 hours will be evaluated.
* Before discharge, the development of postpartum complications in a woman will be evaluated and recorded on the Obstetric and Postpartum Features Form.
* At Hacettepe University Adult Hospital Gynecology Service, the breastfeeding status of mothers of newborns is evaluated using the LATCH Breastfeeding Diagnostic and Measurement Tool. Effective breastfeeding score assessed by the nurses: LACTH score will be evaluated and recorded on the Obstetric and Postpartum Characteristics Form.
Conditions
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Cesarean Section Complications
Hypothermia
Study Design
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Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
parallel group randomized controlled study
Primary Study Purpose
PREVENTION
Blinding Strategy
DOUBLE
Investigators
Outcome Assessors
Study Groups
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lower extremities
the women's lower extremities will be heated with Forced Air Warming
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
Forced Air Warming
Intervention Type
OTHER
We will use Forced Air Warming for cesarean patient
upper extremities
the women's upper extremities will be heated with Forced Air Warming
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
Forced Air Warming
Intervention Type
OTHER
We will use Forced Air Warming for cesarean patient
whole body
the women's whole body will be heated with Forced Air Warming
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
Forced Air Warming
Intervention Type
OTHER
We will use Forced Air Warming for cesarean patient
control group
there is no intervention for this group
Group Type
NO_INTERVENTION
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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Forced Air Warming
We will use Forced Air Warming for cesarean patient
Intervention Type
OTHER
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* \- between the ages of 18-35
* Speak, understand and write Turkish
* 37 weeks and more pregnant
* ASA I (Normal, a disease other than surgical pathology that does not cause a systemic disorder or a healthy person without a systemic problem)
* Spinal anesthesia is planned
* No high-risk pregnancy diagnosis (Oligodydroamniosis, early membrane rupture, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, fetal tachycardia, nonreactive NST, intrauterine growth retardation)
* Body mass index\> 19 kg / m2 and \<40 kg / m2,
* Having a single pregnancy and
* Pregnant women who agreed to participate in the study will be included in the sample.
* Speak, understand and write Turkish
* 37 weeks and more pregnant
* ASA I (Normal, a disease other than surgical pathology that does not cause a systemic disorder or a healthy person without a systemic problem)
* Spinal anesthesia is planned
* No high-risk pregnancy diagnosis (Oligodydroamniosis, early membrane rupture, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, fetal tachycardia, nonreactive NST, intrauterine growth retardation)
* Body mass index\> 19 kg / m2 and \<40 kg / m2,
* Having a single pregnancy and
* Pregnant women who agreed to participate in the study will be included in the sample.
Exclusion Criteria
* \- Emergency cesarean section
* Individuals with Forced Air Warming contraindications (Acute infection, Maternal fever before operation, etc.)
* In case of any complication that may develop in the mother or newborn at any stage of the research
* Pregnant women who want to leave the research at any stage of the research will be excluded from the sample.
* Individuals with Forced Air Warming contraindications (Acute infection, Maternal fever before operation, etc.)
* In case of any complication that may develop in the mother or newborn at any stage of the research
* Pregnant women who want to leave the research at any stage of the research will be excluded from the sample.
Minimum Eligible Age
18 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
35 Years
Eligible Sex
FEMALE
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Sponsors
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Cigdem Yucel
UNKNOWN
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Ozgur Ozyuncu
UNKNOWN
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Hacettepe University
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Cansu Akdag Topal
Research Asistant
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Principal Investigators
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Ozgur Ozyuncu, PhD
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Hacettepe University
Locations
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Hacettepe University
Ankara, Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
Site Status
Countries
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Turkey (Türkiye)
References
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Wu X. The safe and efficient use of forced-air warming systems. AORN J. 2013 Mar;97(3):302-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aorn.2012.12.008.
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Yokoyama K, Suzuki M, Shimada Y, Matsushima T, Bito H, Sakamoto A. Effect of administration of pre-warmed intravenous fluids on the frequency of hypothermia following spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery. J Clin Anesth. 2009 Jun;21(4):242-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2008.12.010. Epub 2009 Jun 6.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Other Identifiers
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KA-180051
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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NA
The Effects of Sımulatıon Used in Vagınal Chıldbırth on Malpractıce Tendency And Perceptıons of Care Behavıors
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COMPLETED
NA
Effect of Lactation Management Model on Breastfeeding Process
NCT04593719
COMPLETED
NA
EFFECTS OF AROMATHERAPY MASSAGE ON LACTATION IN NON-BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS WITH PREMATURE NEWBORNS IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
NCT05903872
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Bath Applied in Two Different Sequences on Stress Level and Physiological Parameters in Term Babies
NCT06166485
COMPLETED
NA
Rotation and Movement System, Postpartum Cesarean Sections
NCT05499208
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Prenatal Education on Primary Cesarean Rate
NCT06844188
COMPLETED
Discharge Training Given to Primiparous Mothers Who Had a Cesarean Delivery
NCT06268028
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Therapeutic Touch on Pain and Comfort After Cesarean Section
NCT06062160
COMPLETED
NA
Effect of Progressive Relaxation Exercises and TENS on Women Delivering Via Cesarean
NCT05511571
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Aromatherapy in Women With Primiparous Cesarean Section
NCT06119282
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Perineal Massage in Childbirth
NCT02201615
COMPLETED
NA
Multıdımensıonal Effects Of Delayed Cord Clampıng and Mılkıng on Placental Processes
NCT06865391
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Oketani Massage on Breastfeeding Success and Breast Engorgement in Mothers Delivering by Cesarean Section
NCT05903846
COMPLETED
NA
The Effect of Cold Application to the Sacral Area on Labor Comfort:
NCT05693623
UNKNOWN
NA