A Review of Surgical Management of Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations (CPAM): A Decade of Experience

NCT ID: NCT04449614

Last Updated: 2020-06-29

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

72 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-01-10

Study Completion Date

2020-02-28

Brief Summary

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Congenital pulmonary malformation in children is a rare abnormality mostly diagnosed before birth during antenatal ultrasound examinations. These lesions may expand to form lung cysts in children, cause recurrent lung infections and has a potential for malignant change. Therefore, surgical removal in childhood is favoured as the treatment of choice.

The surgical correction may involve 'open' surgery or 'key hole' surgery. There is, however, a variation in surgical and anaesthetic techniques and timing of this surgery and subsequent complications reported post-surgery.

The purpose of this investigation is to review anaesthetic and surgical case notes and the subsequent well-being of all children who underwent lung surgery to remove above lung lesions over the last 10 years (2008-2017) at a regional centre. The aim is to look at the current status of these children in relation to their health, growth and development evaluated via a 20-minute structured telephone interview with prior consent.

Detailed Description

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Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) (previously named congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation) is a rare abnormality, first described in 1949. CPAM results from adenomatoid proliferation of the terminal bronchioles causing cyst formation, which may impair normal alveolar growth. It occurs more commonly in males and has an estimated incidence of 1:11000 to 1:35000. Most are diagnosed on routine antenatal ultrasonography. Most involve lower lobes, occasionally lesions are bilateral. CPAM lesions are usually managed by surgical removal in childhood due to the risk of serious infection, and potential for malignant change. A recent meta-analysis has favoured surgical management.

Historically, correction of CPAM was by open thoracotomy and surgical resection. This has evolved, however, and since 2008 more than 50 surgical corrections have been carried out thoracoscopically at King's College Hospital. The perioperative anaesthetic management of these children has also evolved, with the increasing use of selective lung ventilation.

The age range at surgery is variable, usually 1 - 14 years, and just over half being asymptomatic. Anaesthetic techniques are variable: for example, the deployment of selective lung ventilation techniques, the choice of anaesthetic agents and the types of invasive monitoring. Surgical duration is typically 3-4 hours. A degree of hypercarbia occurs in most cases during the procedure because of reduced minute ventilation to facilitate surgical access, and the absorption of carbon dioxide insufflated into the pleural space. Around 1/3rd receive blood transfusions. Perioperative complications include: respiratory problems causing hypoxia, requirement for re-intubation, conversion to open thoracotomy, bradycardia, surgical emphysema and sometimes the requirement for prolonged post-operative respiratory support including ventilation, CPAP and chest drain management, bronchopulmonary fistulae, and chylothorax and rarely seizures and cerebral infarction.

In general, post-operative care includes at least 24 hours critical care and another 6-7 days in hospital. The mainstay of early post-operative pain control is either with morphine using a nurse controlled intravenous analgesia system, or with epidural analgesia. These are supplemented with oral analgesic regimens. Children who were preoperatively symptomatic seem more likely to develop perioperative complications.

Objective The purpose of this investigation is to review all children who underwent CPAM surgery over the last 10 years at a single regional centre and carry out a descriptive evaluation of pre-operative factors, anaesthetic and surgical factors, peri- and post-operative morbidity, mortality and subsequent long term outcome.

Methods A retrospective review of all CPAM resections performed since 2008 at a single centre. The data will be retrieved from electronic and paper based medical records, anaesthetics records and operation notes. A prospective analysis of the post-operative course and events will be undertaken. A detailed evaluation of these children in relation to their health, growth and development will be carried out via a structured 20-minute telephone interview with prior consent.

Analysis Outcomes will be compared across preoperatively symptomatic and asymptomatic groups using Mann-Whitney/Wilcoxon test or Student t test for continuous data or the chi square for categorical data. All tests were 2-tailed, and P\< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Conditions

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Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation Congenital Disorders

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

RETROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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1

Inclusion criteria: All consenting Infants and children who have had A Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) surgically removed by thoracoscopy over a 10 year period (2008-2017) in a regional centre.

Exclusion criteria: Non consenting participants

Thoracoscopic CPAM resection

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Surgical removal of lung lesion

Interventions

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Thoracoscopic CPAM resection

Surgical removal of lung lesion

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

All children undergoing surgery for a CPAM removal between 2008 - 2017 at a regional hospital.

Exclusion Criteria

Lack of informed consent. Inability to contact parents/guardian for the required post-operative interview
Maximum Eligible Age

16 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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King's College London

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

King's College Hospital NHS Trust

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Chulananda Goonasekera

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Consultant Anaesthetist

Locations

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Kings College Hospital NHS Trust

London, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Countries

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United Kingdom

References

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Subramanyam R, Ledbetter K, Fleck R, Mahmoud M. Images in Anesthesiology: Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation. Anesthesiology. 2017 Aug;127(2):382. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001602. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28719530 (View on PubMed)

Cloutier MM, Schaeffer DA, Hight D. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Chest. 1993 Mar;103(3):761-4. doi: 10.1378/chest.103.3.761.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8449065 (View on PubMed)

Sfakianaki AK, Copel JA. Congenital cystic lesions of the lung: congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and bronchopulmonary sequestration. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2012;5(2):85-93.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22866187 (View on PubMed)

Mann S, Wilson RD, Bebbington MW, Adzick NS, Johnson MP. Antenatal diagnosis and management of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2007 Dec;12(6):477-81. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2007.06.009. Epub 2007 Oct 22.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17950681 (View on PubMed)

David M, Lamas-Pinheiro R, Henriques-Coelho T. Prenatal and Postnatal Management of Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation. Neonatology. 2016;110(2):101-15. doi: 10.1159/000440894. Epub 2016 Apr 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27070354 (View on PubMed)

Sueyoshi R, Koga H, Suzuki K, Miyano G, Okawada M, Doi T, Lane GJ, Yamataka A. Surgical intervention for congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) patients with preoperative pneumonia and abscess formation: "open versus thoracoscopic lobectomy". Pediatr Surg Int. 2016 Apr;32(4):347-51. doi: 10.1007/s00383-015-3848-z. Epub 2015 Dec 12.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26661941 (View on PubMed)

CH'IN KY, TANG MY. Congenital adenomatoid malformation of one lobe of a lung with general anasarca. Arch Pathol (Chic). 1949 Sep;48(3):221-9. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18137795 (View on PubMed)

Laberge JM, Flageole H, Pugash D, Khalife S, Blair G, Filiatrault D, Russo P, Lees G, Wilson RD. Outcome of the prenatally diagnosed congenital cystic adenomatoid lung malformation: a Canadian experience. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2001 May-Jun;16(3):178-86. doi: 10.1159/000053905.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 11316935 (View on PubMed)

Kapralik J, Wayne C, Chan E, Nasr A. Surgical versus conservative management of congenital pulmonary airway malformation in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 2016 Mar;51(3):508-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.11.022. Epub 2015 Dec 9.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26775193 (View on PubMed)

Khan H, Kurup M, Saikia S, Desai A, Mathew M, Sheikh A, Goonasekera CDA. Morbidity after thoracoscopic resection of congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM): single center experience over a decade. Pediatr Surg Int. 2021 May;37(5):549-554. doi: 10.1007/s00383-020-04801-1. Epub 2021 Jan 3.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 33388955 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

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IRAS 238420

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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