A Warm Foot Bath, Sleep Quality and Comfort Level

NCT ID: NCT04413188

Last Updated: 2020-06-02

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 60 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2016-12-01
• Study Completion Date: 2017-05-31

Brief Summary

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of a warm foot bath on sleep quality and comfort level among elderly individuals with sleep problems.

Design and methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 217 elderly individual who stayed in two nursing homes. The sample consisted of 60 elderly individuals with sleep problem who were randomly assigned to either the warm foot bath group (n= 30) and control group (n=30).The study was completed with 60 elderly individuals. The primary outcome was an information questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the General Comfort Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale.

Detailed Description

The age pyramid of the world population is changing, and as it does so, the percentage of elderly people is rapidly increasing. As one advances in age, it has been found that they tend to sleep latency later, have reduced time spent within crucial rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and have reduced total duration and quality of sleep and sleep-related problems start to occur. The National Sleep Foundation The national sleep federation recommends 7-8 hours of sleep per day for the elderly. However, many elderly report that they sleep less than recommended and have difficulty sleep latency.

Sleeping is a significant action that affects individuals' daily lives as well as their quality of life. Sleep is required to meet the basic needs of daily life and comprises physiological, psychological, environmental and sociocultural dimensions. Sleep quality, which has been considered as increasingly significant in recent years, can be defined as feeling physically-fit, refreshed, and ready for a new day when waking up. Sleep quality consists of several quantitative aspects and measurements of sleep itself, such as the duration before sleep latency, the duration of sleep, the number of times a person wakes up in the night, as well as more subjective aspects such as the depth of sleep and the relaxing characteristic of sleep.

Such sleep-related problems may negatively affect an individual's comfort. Comfort is a basic need that comprises one of the cornerstones of holistic nursing care practice. Accordingly, solving sleep-related problems, increasing sleep quality, and ensuring comfort for the individuals concerned will require comprehensive nursing care. Pharmacological methods are the most commonly used approach in trying to resolve sleep-related problems. However, these methods have been insufficient as they do not provide a complete solution for sleep-related problems. Additionally, the side effects of these methods, which are obligatory for the affected individuals, are numerous, and this has paved the way for the development of non-pharmacological treatment methods. Relevant literature indicates methods such as eye masks, music therapy, massages, alternative and supplementary therapies, aromatherapy, and warm foot bath have all been successfully used to solve sleep-related problems among elderly people, thereby boosting their sleep quality and comfort.

Warm foot bath causes peripheral vasodilation and decreases core body temperatures. A negative relationship was found between core body temperature and inclination to sleep. Individuals' sleep latency decreases when body core temperature decreases thus, individuals' sleep quality and comfort level are increased. Warm foot bath as a non-pharmacological methods is a more practical and less expensive approach when compared with others.

The relevant literature demonstrated that the number of studies examining sleep quality and comfort among elderly people was limited. The literature included some studies that examined the use of relaxation exercises, back-massage practices, aromatherapy, and music therapy to improve sleep quality and comfort. However, the number of studies examining the effect of warm foot bath on sleep quality was found to be limited . The purpose of the trial was to investigate the effect of a warm foot bath on sleep quality and comfort level among elderly individuals with sleep problems. Our primary hypothesis was that the sleep quality of the intervention group would be better after 6 weeks than the control group. The secondary hypotheses were that the comfort levels of the intervention group would be better after 6 weeks than the control group

Conditions

Older People; Sleep Problems

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

A warm foot bath group

65years, relative independent in daily life activities and literate, having a PSQI score of 5 or more and no communication problems.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Warm foot bath

Intervention Type: OTHER

The participants in experimental group were asked to soak their feet in warm water (38-40°C) for 20 minutes one hour before their bedtimes for six weeks. A special foot bath (Beurer FB50 luxury foot bath spa with water heater) was used for this purpose. The bath is 10 cm deep; it keeps water at a constant temperature of 35-48°C for 15-60 minutes, has a display screen for water temperature and duration of use, and turns off automatically.

Control group

65years, relative independent in daily life activities and literate, having a PSQI score of 5 or more and no communication problems.

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Warm foot bath

The participants in experimental group were asked to soak their feet in warm water (38-40°C) for 20 minutes one hour before their bedtimes for six weeks. A special foot bath (Beurer FB50 luxury foot bath spa with water heater) was used for this purpose. The bath is 10 cm deep; it keeps water at a constant temperature of 35-48°C for 15-60 minutes, has a display screen for water temperature and duration of use, and turns off automatically.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• 65 years and up
• relative independent in daily life activities
• literate
• having a PSQI score of 5 or more
• no communication problems.

Exclusion Criteria

• who used sleeping drugs or diuretic drugs
• had peripheral artery diseases
• neurological diseases.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 65 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Ordu University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Hanife DURGUN

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Hanife Durgun, Dr

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ordu State Hospital

Other Identifiers

HanifeB

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id