Cocoa/Carob Polyphenols and Postprandial Changes in Type 2 Diabetes

NCT ID: NCT04383639

Last Updated: 2023-11-08

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

20 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-05-03

Study Completion Date

2023-07-30

Brief Summary

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The aim of this is study is to evaluate the effects of a single intake of a mixture of cacao and carob (rich in high molecular weight polyphenols) in postprandial metabolism in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Studies on the effects of polyphenols on postprandial (glucidic and lipidic) metabolism have commonly been performed in animal models and have used food extracts, ignoring high molecular weight polyphenols as relevant bioactive compounds. In this study, the potential of this kind of polyphenols for regulating postprandial disturbances in type 2 diabetes subjects, since these alterations increased the cardiovascular risk in these subjects, will be evaluated. The study has been designed in order to differentially evaluate the effect of intact polyphenols and that of microbial-derived phenolic metabolites.

Detailed Description

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Twenty-five subjects with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes will be recruited. Detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria are provided below.

The whole intervention has been divided in 3 treatments A, B and C, performed every 2 weeks in randomized order for each subject. In every treatment, subjects will attend to the Unit of Human Nutrition of the ICTAN-CSIC in fasting state and they will receive a high-sugar high-fat breakfast. Treatment A will be used as control and will only consist of breakfast. Treatment B is characterized by the administration of a mixture of cocoa and carob solved in milk together with breakfast. In treatment C, volunteers will consume the same amount of product 10 hours before attending to their visit, where the breakfast will be administrated once again. Food and drinks provided in the three visits (including milk used in treatment B) will be similar. The aim of treatment B is to elucidate the role of intact polyphenols, while treatment C will evaluate the effect of microbial-derived polyphenol metabolites.

Blood samples will be collected before breakfast and at times 60-120-180-240-270 min. Urine will be collected during their permanence at the Unit of Human nutrition of the ICTAN-CSIC. Feces will be collected as soon as they are generated after receiving treatments A and C. The following determinations will be performed in blood samples collected at different periods: glucose, insulin, triglycerides, uric acid, GLP-1, hepatic enzymes. Urine and feces will be used to evaluate phenolic metabolites. Additionally, a satiety test will be provided. It is expected that cocoa and carob supplementation, as compared to the control treatment, causes significant modifications in all the parameters indicated. Nevertheless, the primary outcome of this study is the decrease in postprandial insulin.

Conditions

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Type 2 Diabetes

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

A: control period; B: mixture of cocoa and carob consumed together with breakfast; C: mixture of cocoa and carob consumed 10 h before breakfast. All the subjects will pass the three treatments, in randomized order. The three periods will be separated by a two weeks washing period.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
Since no placebo was found, the subjects will know the treatment they are receiving in each case. Nevertheless, the outcome assessor will not know to which treatment corresponds each sample.

Study Groups

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1

All subjects will receive a high-fat high-sugar breakfast in three different days. They will not consume any additional product (1), they will receive the mixture of coca and carob together with breakfast (2) or they will receive the mixture of coca and carob 10 h before breakfast (3).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

No product (A)/mixture of coca and carob together with breakfast (B)/mixture of coca and carob 10 h before breakfast (C)

Intervention Type OTHER

The subjects will receive, after overnight fasting, a high-fat high-sugar breakfast. In treatment A, they will not receive any additional product; in treatment B, they will receive at the same time a mixture of coca and carob; in treatment C, they will receive the mixture of coca and carob 10 h before breakfast. A total of 6 blood samples will be collected during each visit: 0-30-60-120-180-240-270 min. Urine samples will be collected during the permanence of the subjects in the Unit of Human Nutrition. Feces will be collected the first time they are generated after treatments A and C. Both interventions will be separated by two weeks. Subjects will be instructed not to modify their dietary habits during the development of the study, but during the 72 h before each visit they will have to restrict the intake of polyphenol-rich foods (a detailed list will be provided).

2

All subjects will receive a high-fat high-sugar breakfast in three different days. They will not consume any additional product (1), they will receive the mixture of coca and carob together with breakfast (2) or they will receive the mixture of coca and carob 10 h before breakfast (3).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

No product (A)/mixture of coca and carob together with breakfast (B)/mixture of coca and carob 10 h before breakfast (C)

Intervention Type OTHER

The subjects will receive, after overnight fasting, a high-fat high-sugar breakfast. In treatment A, they will not receive any additional product; in treatment B, they will receive at the same time a mixture of coca and carob; in treatment C, they will receive the mixture of coca and carob 10 h before breakfast. A total of 6 blood samples will be collected during each visit: 0-30-60-120-180-240-270 min. Urine samples will be collected during the permanence of the subjects in the Unit of Human Nutrition. Feces will be collected the first time they are generated after treatments A and C. Both interventions will be separated by two weeks. Subjects will be instructed not to modify their dietary habits during the development of the study, but during the 72 h before each visit they will have to restrict the intake of polyphenol-rich foods (a detailed list will be provided).

3

All subjects will receive a high-fat high-sugar breakfast in three different days. They will not consume any additional product (1), they will receive the mixture of coca and carob together with breakfast (2) or they will receive the mixture of coca and carob 10 h before breakfast (3).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

No product (A)/mixture of coca and carob together with breakfast (B)/mixture of coca and carob 10 h before breakfast (C)

Intervention Type OTHER

The subjects will receive, after overnight fasting, a high-fat high-sugar breakfast. In treatment A, they will not receive any additional product; in treatment B, they will receive at the same time a mixture of coca and carob; in treatment C, they will receive the mixture of coca and carob 10 h before breakfast. A total of 6 blood samples will be collected during each visit: 0-30-60-120-180-240-270 min. Urine samples will be collected during the permanence of the subjects in the Unit of Human Nutrition. Feces will be collected the first time they are generated after treatments A and C. Both interventions will be separated by two weeks. Subjects will be instructed not to modify their dietary habits during the development of the study, but during the 72 h before each visit they will have to restrict the intake of polyphenol-rich foods (a detailed list will be provided).

Interventions

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No product (A)/mixture of coca and carob together with breakfast (B)/mixture of coca and carob 10 h before breakfast (C)

The subjects will receive, after overnight fasting, a high-fat high-sugar breakfast. In treatment A, they will not receive any additional product; in treatment B, they will receive at the same time a mixture of coca and carob; in treatment C, they will receive the mixture of coca and carob 10 h before breakfast. A total of 6 blood samples will be collected during each visit: 0-30-60-120-180-240-270 min. Urine samples will be collected during the permanence of the subjects in the Unit of Human Nutrition. Feces will be collected the first time they are generated after treatments A and C. Both interventions will be separated by two weeks. Subjects will be instructed not to modify their dietary habits during the development of the study, but during the 72 h before each visit they will have to restrict the intake of polyphenol-rich foods (a detailed list will be provided).

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Type 2 diabetes during the last 2 years and current treatment with metformin
* Overweight or obesity (IMC = 26-40 kg/m2)

Exclusion Criteria

* Subjects with a pharmaceutical treatment set to modify blood pressure, lipid profile or glucose.
* Subjects with diagnoses of cardiovascular diseases or thyroid diseases.
* Values above the following ones: glucose, \> 125 mg/dL; triglycerides, \> 350 mg/dL; total cholesterol, \> 280 mg/dL; systolic blood pressure, \> 150 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure, \> 100 mmHg
* Previous bariatric surgery.
* Volunteers currently participating in other studies or weight loss plans.
* Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
* Adherence to vegetarian diets or usual consumption of dietary supplements.
* Intolerance or allergy to some of the foods provided in the study
Minimum Eligible Age

40 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Research Council, Spain

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Jara Pérez-Jiménez

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, National Research Council (ICTAN-CSIC)

Madrid, , Spain

Site Status

Countries

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Spain

Other Identifiers

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RTI2018DIABE

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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