Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
30 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2016-12-14
2017-10-28
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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CP is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in early childhood, continues for life and causes physical impairment. Damage occurring in the developing brain results in voluntary movement, postural and motor control disorders, balance problems and gait disorders.
Hippotherapy is used effectively in increasing the participation of children with CP by improving their balance, motor function, posture and mobility and improving their quality of life. Although hippotherapy has many physical, functional, emotional and social benefits for children with CP, it also has some disadvantages that limit its use in the treatment of these children. There are risks such as serious injuries caused by children being afraid of a horse, falling from a horse or kicking a horse, increased hypertonicity due to fear and stress on the horse and exposure to allergic reactions due to environmental antigens. In order to overcome these conditions and reach more patients, hippotherapy simulator systems, which have been increasing rapidly in recent years, have been developed.
Hippotherapy simulators are systems that mimic the walking and movements of a real horse. As they are a newly developed system, studies investigating their effectiveness, especially in children with CP, are very limited. The aim of this study is to research the effects of hippotherapy simulator on gross motor functions, lower extremity functions, muscle tone and spasticity, trunk control, sitting and standing balance, walking functions and functional independence in children with Cerebral Palsy.
Conditions
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Study Design
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NON_RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Neurodevelopmental Therapy Group
The number of participants in this group is 30. All participants were included in the rehabilitation program using only the Neurodevelopmental Therapy approach for 16 sessions (8 weeks x 2 days x 45 minutes).
Neurodevelopmental Therapy
The Neurodevelopmental Therapy rehabilitation program was determined according to the children's level of gross motor function, age, gender, mental state, and preferences. Neurodevelopmental Therapy program consists of the rehabilitation of muscle tone disorders, increasing sensory-perception-motor integrity, exercises to increase limb functions and body control, stretching and strengthening exercises for muscle shortness and weakness, exercises that include movements in daily life and training activities such as standing, walking, body care.
Hippotherapy Simulator Group
The same participants were taken into a rehabilitation program in which 16 sessions (8 weeks x 2 days a week) the Hippotherapy Simulator device (30 minutes) and Neurodevelopmental Therapy (NDT) (15 minutes) (HS + NDT method) were used together.
Neurodevelopmental Therapy
The Neurodevelopmental Therapy rehabilitation program was determined according to the children's level of gross motor function, age, gender, mental state, and preferences. Neurodevelopmental Therapy program consists of the rehabilitation of muscle tone disorders, increasing sensory-perception-motor integrity, exercises to increase limb functions and body control, stretching and strengthening exercises for muscle shortness and weakness, exercises that include movements in daily life and training activities such as standing, walking, body care.
Hippotherapy Simulator
Horse Riding Simulator (HRS) device was used as a hippotherapy simulator device. HRS is a device that moves forward, backward, backward-to-back, right-to-left swing and up-and-down swing in 3 dimensions, similar to the movements of a real horse, forming an 8-shaped movement on five axes. After the children sat in the saddle section, they were first taken to the warm-up speed program for 5 minutes, then to another one of the other speed levels (gradually moved to other speed levels as appropriate for the development and tolerance of children) and finally to the warm-up speed program for 5 minutes.
Interventions
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Neurodevelopmental Therapy
The Neurodevelopmental Therapy rehabilitation program was determined according to the children's level of gross motor function, age, gender, mental state, and preferences. Neurodevelopmental Therapy program consists of the rehabilitation of muscle tone disorders, increasing sensory-perception-motor integrity, exercises to increase limb functions and body control, stretching and strengthening exercises for muscle shortness and weakness, exercises that include movements in daily life and training activities such as standing, walking, body care.
Hippotherapy Simulator
Horse Riding Simulator (HRS) device was used as a hippotherapy simulator device. HRS is a device that moves forward, backward, backward-to-back, right-to-left swing and up-and-down swing in 3 dimensions, similar to the movements of a real horse, forming an 8-shaped movement on five axes. After the children sat in the saddle section, they were first taken to the warm-up speed program for 5 minutes, then to another one of the other speed levels (gradually moved to other speed levels as appropriate for the development and tolerance of children) and finally to the warm-up speed program for 5 minutes.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Children aged between 5 - 18 years
* GMFCS level is I, II or III
* Independent seating
* Walking with at least 10 meters of independent, orthotic and/or auxiliary device
* Can understand simple verbal instruction
* Those with hip adductor muscle spasticity level less than 2 according to MAS
* Having bilateral passive hip abduction enough to could sit into the hippotherapy simulator device
* Voluntarily agreed to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria
* Severe contracture or deformity to prevent the study
* Advanced scoliosis (above 20 degrees)
* Acute uncontrolled acute seizures
* Uncontrollable severe epileptic attacks
* Visual and auditory problems
* Injection of botulinum toxin in the last 6 months patients
* Underwent surgical operation such as muscle relaxation, tendon extension, and selective dorsal rhizotomy in the last 6 months
5 Years
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Marmara University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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canangunayyazici
Research Assistant, PhD (c)
Principal Investigators
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Canan GÜNAY YAZICI, PhD(c)
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences
Zübeyir SARI, Assoc Prof
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Marmara University Faculty of Health Sciences
Locations
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Özdel Dilbade Özel Eğitim ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezi
Istanbul, , Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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References
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Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, Goldstein M, Bax M, Damiano D, Dan B, Jacobsson B. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl. 2007 Feb;109:8-14.
Garvey MA, Giannetti ML, Alter KE, Lum PS. Cerebral palsy: new approaches to therapy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2007 Mar;7(2):147-55. doi: 10.1007/s11910-007-0010-x.
Papavasiliou AS. Management of motor problems in cerebral palsy: a critical update for the clinician. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2009 Sep;13(5):387-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2008.07.009. Epub 2008 Sep 7.
Zadnikar M, Kastrin A. Effects of hippotherapy and therapeutic horseback riding on postural control or balance in children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 Aug;53(8):684-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03951.x. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
Meregillano G. Hippotherapy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2004 Nov;15(4):843-54, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2004.02.002.
Lee DR, Lee NG, Cha HJ, Yun Sung O, You SJ, Oh JH, Bang HS. The effect of robo-horseback riding therapy on spinal alignment and associated muscle size in MRI for a child with neuromuscular scoliosis: an experimenter-blind study. NeuroRehabilitation. 2011;29(1):23-7. doi: 10.3233/NRE-2011-0673.
Lee CW, Kim SG, Na SS. The effects of hippotherapy and a horse riding simulator on the balance of children with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 Mar;26(3):423-5. doi: 10.1589/jpts.26.423. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997 Apr;39(4):214-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x.
Palisano RJ, Hanna SE, Rosenbaum PL, Russell DJ, Walter SD, Wood EP, Raina PS, Galuppi BE. Validation of a model of gross motor function for children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2000 Oct;80(10):974-85.
Glanzman AM, Swenson AE, Kim H. Intrarater range of motion reliability in cerebral palsy: a comparison of assessment methods. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2008 Winter;20(4):369-72. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0b013e31818b7994.
Mutlu A, Livanelioglu A, Gunel MK. Reliability of Ashworth and Modified Ashworth scales in children with spastic cerebral palsy. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008 Apr 10;9:44. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-9-44.
Schneider S, Peipsi A, Stokes M, Knicker A, Abeln V. Feasibility of monitoring muscle health in microgravity environments using Myoton technology. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2015 Jan;53(1):57-66. doi: 10.1007/s11517-014-1211-5. Epub 2014 Oct 21.
Saether R, Helbostad JL, Adde L, Jorgensen L, Vik T. Reliability and validity of the Trunk Impairment Scale in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Jul;34(7):2075-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.03.029. Epub 2013 May 1.
Franjoine MR, Gunther JS, Taylor MJ. Pediatric balance scale: a modified version of the berg balance scale for the school-age child with mild to moderate motor impairment. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2003 Summer;15(2):114-28. doi: 10.1097/01.PEP.0000068117.48023.18.
Kucukdeveci AA, Yavuzer G, Elhan AH, Sonel B, Tennant A. Adaptation of the Functional Independence Measure for use in Turkey. Clin Rehabil. 2001 Jun;15(3):311-9. doi: 10.1191/026921501676877265.
Kim DY, Lim CG. Effects of Pedalo(R) training on balance and fall risk in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017 Jul;29(7):1159-1162. doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.1159. Epub 2017 Jul 15.
Ramachandra P, Maiya AG, Kumar P. Test-retest reliability of the Win-Track platform in analyzing the gait parameters and plantar pressures during barefoot walking in healthy adults. Foot Ankle Spec. 2012 Oct;5(5):306-12. doi: 10.1177/1938640012457680. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan, and Informed Consent Form
Other Identifiers
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MarHippos
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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