Effects of Social Exclusion in The Context of Chronic Embitterment

NCT ID: NCT04350515

Last Updated: 2023-03-30

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

69 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-12-20

Study Completion Date

2021-12-31

Brief Summary

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This experimental, anonymous labor study aims to examine how experiences of social exclusion influence individuals in their fairness-behaviour, psychophysical reactions, and emotion regulation depending on their extent of bitterness. Points given for fairness reasons, just world belief, rejection sensitivity, well-being, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and heart rate variability (HRV) are measured and analyzed using structural equation modeling and multiple regression.

Detailed Description

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Embitterment is defined as an emotional response due to an event which is subjectively perceived as unjust. Nonetheless, there is little empiric evidence of unjust behaviour by others in the interpersonal context that triggers embitterment reactions. Ostracism, is an act where a person is excluded from a social environment without any reasons. This experimental labor study examines how the experiences of this form of social exclusion influences individuals depending on their self-evaluated embitterment. That is, fairness-behaviour is assessed as well as changes in hearth rate variability.

Conditions

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Emotional Stress Embitterment

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SEQUENTIAL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Cyberball: Other Exclusion

Cyberball Paradigm - the avatar will be excluded by the player

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Cyberball: Other Exclusion

Intervention Type OTHER

A cyberball paradigm, whereas 2 avatars and the subject are playing a virtual ball tossing game. In this condition, one of the avatars is excluded.

Mindfulness: Emotion Regulation Task

Intervention Type OTHER

In this task, subjects listen to an audio file containing a scripted emotion regulation exercise. This exercise is based by the authors Nissen \& Sturm (2018). It takes around 14 minutes to complete the whole task.

Mindfulness: Word Recognition Task

Intervention Type OTHER

In this task, subjects listen to an audio file containing a scripted word recognition exercise. It contains both contrary words recognition (e.g. "The opposite of loud is ...") and completion of german sayings (e.g. "That's where the dog is..."). It takes around 14 minutes to complete the whole task.

Cyberball: Player Exclusion

Cyberball Paradigm - the player will be excluded by the other players

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Cyberball: Player Exclusion

Intervention Type OTHER

A cyberball paradigm, whereas 2 avatars and the subject are playing a virtual ball tossing game. In this condition, the subject is excluded by the avatars.

Mindfulness: Emotion Regulation Task

Intervention Type OTHER

In this task, subjects listen to an audio file containing a scripted emotion regulation exercise. This exercise is based by the authors Nissen \& Sturm (2018). It takes around 14 minutes to complete the whole task.

Mindfulness: Word Recognition Task

Intervention Type OTHER

In this task, subjects listen to an audio file containing a scripted word recognition exercise. It contains both contrary words recognition (e.g. "The opposite of loud is ...") and completion of german sayings (e.g. "That's where the dog is..."). It takes around 14 minutes to complete the whole task.

Interventions

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Cyberball: Other Exclusion

A cyberball paradigm, whereas 2 avatars and the subject are playing a virtual ball tossing game. In this condition, one of the avatars is excluded.

Intervention Type OTHER

Cyberball: Player Exclusion

A cyberball paradigm, whereas 2 avatars and the subject are playing a virtual ball tossing game. In this condition, the subject is excluded by the avatars.

Intervention Type OTHER

Mindfulness: Emotion Regulation Task

In this task, subjects listen to an audio file containing a scripted emotion regulation exercise. This exercise is based by the authors Nissen \& Sturm (2018). It takes around 14 minutes to complete the whole task.

Intervention Type OTHER

Mindfulness: Word Recognition Task

In this task, subjects listen to an audio file containing a scripted word recognition exercise. It contains both contrary words recognition (e.g. "The opposite of loud is ...") and completion of german sayings (e.g. "That's where the dog is..."). It takes around 14 minutes to complete the whole task.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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In terms of outcome measure 'points for fairness': intervention condition In terms of outcome measure 'changes in HRV': control condition In terms of outcome measure 'points for fairness': control condition In terms of outcome measure 'changes in HRV': intervention condition Intervention Condition Control Condition

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* German language, 18 years old, no cardiovascular disease
* The participation in the anonymous labor study is voluntary, participants gave consent to use the data with their participation.

Exclusion Criteria

* None
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Bern

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Dennis Koroma, M.Sc.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Bern, Department of Psychology

Locations

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University of Bern, Institute of Psychology

Bern, Canton of Bern, Switzerland

Site Status

Countries

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Switzerland

Related Links

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Other Identifiers

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EMBEX

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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