Metabolic Surgery for Steato-Hepatitis

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

28 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-02-13

Study Completion Date

2022-01-01

Brief Summary

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is characterised by excess liver fat on imaging or histology. NAFLD affects up to 25% of the Western population. It's more aggressive form is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterised by cell injury, inflammation and fibrosis, and is associated with increased mortality from liver and cardiovascular disease. Currently, there is no specific treatment for NASH. Diet and exercise-induced weight loss remain the only recommended options. However, maintaining weight loss in the long term is difficult. There is therefore a significant unmet need for effective therapy in patients with NASH that can address the underlying mechanisms of disease. Although preliminary observational evidence suggests that bariatric/metabolic surgery, especially RYGB can improve NASH, no controlled trials to date has confirmed the efficacy of surgery compared to standard weight loss programs. Also, while animal and clinical studies have shown that bariatric surgery exerts weight-independent effects on glucose metabolism, it is yet unknown if the observed effects of bariatric/metabolic surgery on NASH are due to weight loss alone or result from additional, weight-independent mechanisms, like in the case of T2DM. If the effect of surgery on inflammation, liver fibrosis and other mechanisms of cardiometabolic risk were found to be independent on weight reduction, there would be profound and far-reaching implications for both the treatment and the understanding of NASH, cardiovascular disease and obesity-related cancers.

This project will investigate the hypothesis that, similarly to surgical control of diabetes, bariatric/metabolic surgery can also exert weight-independent effects on mechanisms of disease in NAFLD/NASH (i.e. influence on lowgrade inflammation and markers of fibrosis)

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Detailed Description

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This study's population includes patients with severe obesity (BMI \>35kg/m2 or \>32.5. kg/m2 if patient of South Asian, Caribbean or Black ethnicity) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who are eligible for bariatric/metabolic surgery and are on the waiting list for either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) at King's College Hospital. Patients who meet study criteria will be assigned to the study groups as described below:

1. Surgery Group: Fourteen patients who meet study criteria will be assigned to the study group and will undergo surgery; 7 RYGB and 7 SG, as planned for their standard care.
2. Lifestyle Intervention Group: Fourteen patients matched to the surgery group for age, gender, BMI, diabetes status, and NAFLD score will undergo additional lifestyle interventions, dietary counselling (either a meal replacement diet or a low calorie diet) by a dietician aimed at inducing at least a 5-7% weight reduction, prior to their surgery (while on the waiting list for surgery).

Each participant in both the surgery and lifestyle intervention group will then attend the baseline visit.

At the baseline visit the participant will undergo a metabolic lab panel from bloods already provided to the clinic. This visit will also involve the clinical team performing an ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the liver. The fine needle aspiration will involve inserting a small needle through the skin to take a small sample of cells from the liver. It will be carried out in the Institute of Liver Studies at King's College Hospital. The clinical research team will also access the participants medical record to collect data from your medical history including weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and previous FibroScan®. Additionally, a saliva swab, urine and stool sample will be collected.

A subgroup of patients (6 participants in the Lifestyle Intervention Group, 6 undergoing RYGB, 6 undergoing SG) will undergo a mixed meal test (MMT) to investigate changes in meal-response of circulating cardiometabolic markers, bile acids and gut hormone as well as calculated insulin sensitivity/secretion. The surgery group patients will undergo surgery as per standard practice and will be reviewed in the bariatric clinic 4-6 weeks' post surgery- this will be at 5-7% weight loss (WL). At the 5-7% WL visit the patient will undergo a metabolic lab panel, a liver FNA, will have their weight and height recorded and BMI calculated. A new FibroScan will be performed.

Additionally, a saliva swab, urine and stool sample will be collected. The 12 patients ( 6 RYGB, 6 SG) in the surgery group who were included in the previous MMT will undergo a second MMT to investigate the change in meal-response of circulating cardio-metabolic markers, bile acids, gut hormones, insulin sensitivity/secretion post-surgery.

The lifestyle intervention group participants will attend a one-to-one dietary consultation with a registered dietician to select a diet plan: either a low-calorie diet or meal replacement diet to induce 5-7% WL. Information booklets that will aid dieting will be provided to the participant. The participant will then be expected to follow the dietary advice in order to achieve a 5-7% WL. The clinical research team will provide additional phone call consultations at 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, 14-, 16-, 18-, 20-, 22-, 24-weeks post-lifestyle intervention to assess weight change, diet adherence and motivation. Once the participant has a 5-7% WL they will attend the bariatric clinic for their 5-7% WL visit. At the 5-7% WL visit the patient will undergo a metabolic lab panel, a liver FNA, will have their weight and height recorded and BMI calculated. A new FibroScan will be performed. Additionally, a saliva swab, urine and stool sample will be collected. The 6 patients in the lifestyle intervention group who were included in the previous MMT will undergo a second MMT to investigate the change in meal-response of circulating cardio-metabolic markers, bile acids, gut hormones, insulin sensitivity/secretion post-lifestyle intervention.

The outcome measures above will be measured at two time-points; baseline and after 5-7% weight loss in both groups. The study design allows to control for weight loss (through an equivalent weight loss of 5-7% between the two groups) and to understand the effects bariatric/metabolic surgery versus lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise), by mechanisms independent of weight-loss, on markers of NASH and cardiovascular risk, therefore allowing to identify weight-independent effects of bariatric/metabolic surgery, if they exist. Based on published data it is predicted that it will take 3-6 months for patients to achieve 5-7% weight loss (WL) from the lifestyle intervention used in this study and 4-6 weeks after surgery.

Adipose and liver tissue from intraoperative biopsies and gastric and intestinal tissue from surgical waste will be collected and stored for future ethically approved research.

Conditions

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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Non-Alcoholic Steato-Hepatitis (NASH)

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

This study's population includes patients with severe obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who are eligible for bariatric surgery and are on the waiting list for either Roux en Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy at King's College Hospital.

Main outcome measures will include several markers of inflammation and liver fibrosis assessed in plasma samples and Fine Needle Aspiration of the liver. Secondary outcome measures will include novel markers of cardiovascular risk, bile acids as well as standard markers of metabolic disease.

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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surgery group

Fourteen patients who meet study criteria will be assigned to the study group and will undergo surgery; 7 RYGB and 7 SG, as planned for their standard care.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Metabolic/Bariatric surgery

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Patients will undergo surgery; 7 RYGB and 7 SG, as planned for their standard care.

lifestyle and diet

Fourteen patients matched to the surgery group for age, gender, BMI, diabetes status, and NALFD score will undergo additional lifestyle interventions, dietary counselling and or meal replacement by a dietician aimed at inducing at least a 5-7% weight reduction, prior to their surgery (while on the waiting list for surgery).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Lifestyle and Diet

Intervention Type OTHER

Patients will be provided with a lifestyle interventions including dietary counselling choosing between a Low-Calorie Diet or a Meal Replacement Diet.

Interventions

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Metabolic/Bariatric surgery

Patients will undergo surgery; 7 RYGB and 7 SG, as planned for their standard care.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Lifestyle and Diet

Patients will be provided with a lifestyle interventions including dietary counselling choosing between a Low-Calorie Diet or a Meal Replacement Diet.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

• BMI greater than 35 kg/m2 (or \>32.5. kg/m2 for patients of South Asian, Caribbean or Black ethnicities) with raised alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and a FibroScan® score \> 7.9 (indicating presence of NAFLD and high likelihood of NASH).

Exclusion Criteria

* other causes of liver disease such as viral, alcoholic (alcohol consumption \>20 g/day for women or \>30 g/day for men),
* auto-immune disease
* use of certain medications that may interfere with outcome measures (i.e. corticosteroids, insulin and glycoprotein-1 (GLP-1) analogues).

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No