Evaluating Treatment of ADHD in Children with Down Syndrome

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

100 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-10-02

Study Completion Date

2025-09-30

Brief Summary

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Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a 3-5 time greater prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) than typically developing (TD) children. Despite this higher risk of ADHD, rates of stimulant medication treatment are disproportionately low in children with DS+ADHD, even though stimulants are the most efficacious ADHD treatment and are recommended by consensus guidelines for use in children with intellectual disability and ADHD.

The investigators propose the first randomized clinical trial (RCT) of stimulant medication in children with DS+ADHD. This RCT may provide evidence regarding the short- and long-term safety and efficacy of stimulant use in children with DS+ADHD, both with and without CHD. All children enrolled in the study will complete a comprehensive assessment battery evaluating ADHD diagnostic criteria, as well as behavioral, cognitive, academic, and functional impairments.

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Detailed Description

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The purpose of this study is to conduct a clinical trial of stimulant medication treatment (i.e., methylphenidate (MPH)) in children with DS+ADHD to determine methylphenidate's efficacy in remediating behavioral, cognitive, and functional impairments in children with DS+ADHD and to assess the short- and long-term safety of stimulant treatment in children with DS+ADHD with a specific focus on cardiac safety. It has the potential to significantly improve the outcomes of approximately 45,000 children with DS+ADHD nationwide.

To achieve this, 100 children with DS+ADHD, between the ages of 6.00-17.99 years, will be invited to participate in a clinical trial across four sites. Following pre-screening to determine study eligibility, children with DS+ADHD will be assessed at 13 different times points. The first pre-medication visit will include baseline intelligence, diagnostic, behavioral, cognitive, health, and functioning assessments. The second through sixth visits will begin Phase 1 of the clinical trial, and during this time, participants will begin the lowest dose of MPH and titrate incrementally upward per pediatric guidelines based on the participant's weight. Bieekly diagnostic and health assessments will be conducted to monitor the safety and efficacy of MPH during this phase. Further, this biweekly monitoring will ultimately guide the selection of the participant's optimal dose. At the seventh visit, participants will enter Phase 2 of the clinical trial where they will be randomized to receive an optimal dose of MPH (as determined by the assessments conducted throughout the titration phase) or the placebo. This visit will involve a repeat of most of the baseline measures. The eighth visit will initiate Phase 3 of the clinical trial in which participants will crossover to the study intervention not previously assigned during Phase 2. For example, a participant who was assigned his or her optimal dose during Phase 2 will receive the placebo during Phase 3, and vice versa. Further, this visit will involve a repeat of the assessments conducted during Phase 2 which allows each participants to serve as his or her own control, contributing data both while on an optimal dose of MPH and while on the placebo.

Prior to commencing Phase 4, MPH non-responders or placebo responders will be removed from the study and referred for non-study (clinical) treatment. Participants for whom MPH is judged to be effective and tolerable based on clinician ratings and parent/teacher reports will be invited to undergo an open label trial with their optimal MPH dose for a four-month maintenance period. During this phase, participants will undergo monthly diagnostic and health assessments to monitor the safety and efficacy of his or her optimal dose of MPH. The final visit (week 30) will include diagnostic, behavioral, cognitive, functioning, and health assessments to evaluate change across time.

Conditions

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Down Syndrome ADHD

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Phase 1 is a Sequential model, Phase 2-3 is a Crossover model, Phase 4 is a Single-Group model.

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Caregivers Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Quillivant XR

Once-daily, long-lasting MPH solution with the following dosing schedules: 7.5mg/15mg/22.5mg/30mg for children 20-25kg 10mg/20mg/30mg/40mg for children 26-30kg 10mg/22mg/34mg/46mg for children \> 30 mg

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Quillivant XR

Intervention Type DRUG

Long-lasting liquid solution of Quillivant XR.

Placebo

Liquid-based suspension to match the color and banana-flavor of Quillivant XR.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo

* Current use of ADHD stimulant or non-stimulant medication and unwilling to discontinue for \>/= 3 days prior to starting the study.
* Children with psychoses or bipolar disorder based on diagnostic interview with the parent.
* Organic Brain Injury: Children must not have a history of head trauma with loss of consciousness, epilepsy, or any other organic disorder that could possibly affect brain function.
* Specific heart conditions including the following:

1. QTc on baseline ECG\>470ms or QTC \> 500 in patients with repaired CHD, as determined by ECG
2. Brugada pattern, as determined by ECG
3. Baseline heart rate or systolic blood pressure \> 2 SD above mean for age as determined by medical examination.
4. 2nd or 3rd degree AV block, as determined by ECG
5. History of aborted sudden cardiac death or unexplained syncope as determined by medical history
6. History of a single ventricle as determined by medical history
7. Valvular regurgitation or stenosis \> mild, as determined by ECHO
8. Moderate or greater ventricular dysfunction, as determined by ECHO
9. Pulmonary hypertension, defined as right ventricular pressure \>33% systemic pressure or septal position consistent with \>mild right ventricular hypertension, as determined by ECHO
10. Use of a pacemaker as determined by medical history
11. Wolff Parkinson White/pre-ventricular excitation, as determined by ECG
12. Atrial, junctional, or ventricular tachyarrhythmia, as determined by ECG
13. Frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) or premature atrial contractions (PACs), as determined by ECG
14. Abnormal T waves with inversion in V5 and/or V6, bizarre T wave morphology, notched biphasic T waves, or ST segment depression suggesting ischemia or inflammation, as determined by ECG
15. Moderate or larger atrial septal defect, as determined by ECHO
16. Ventricular septal defect \> small by ECHO
17. Valvar stenosis \> mild by ECHO
18. Aortic root dilation \> 2SD above mean by ECHO.
* If participants meet any of the following heart conditions, they must be evaluated for the study by a cardiologist before beginning:

1. Right ventricular enlargement/right axis deviation, as determined by ECG
2. Intraventricular conduction delay \>120ms in child \>12 years old or \>100ms in child \<8 years old, as determined by ECG
3. Right or left bundle branch block, as determined by ECG
* Treatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) or use of an MAOI within 14 days.
* Active titration of non-ADHD, non-MAO psychotropic medication. Stable use of non-ADHD, non-MAO psychotropic medication, defined by no dose changes for \>/= 4 weeks before starting the study medication trial, will be allowed.
* Known hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to methylphenidate or product components such as banana (due to bananas serving as flavoring in the formulation of the project's study interventions - Quillivant XR and the placebo).
* Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) as rated by McGill index of 4
* Pregnancy. (Since there is limited information regarding the safety of Quillivant XR during pregnancy, a pregnancy test will be conducted at the medical screen for female participants who have commenced the menstrual cycle. If pregnancy is indicated, the participant will be excluded from the study as a precautionary measure).

Minimum Eligible Age

6 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

17 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes