Effect of SGLT2 Inhibition on OCT-A Parameters in Diabetic CKD
NCT ID: NCT04215445
Last Updated: 2020-01-02
Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
UNKNOWN
Clinical Phase
PHASE4
Total Enrollment
90 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2019-12-01
Study Completion Date
2020-08-31
Brief Summary
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Diabetes mellitus is a major and growing problem worldwide with many known micro and macrovascular complications. According to International Diabetes Federation, there were 285 million adults diagnosed with diabetes in 2010 and expected to increase to 439 million adult in 2030. It is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) followed by hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and cystic kidney disease. Renal impairment patients metabolize and excrete drugs differently from patients with normal renal function and hence only limited number of oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) available for them. One of the choices is sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) which is now widely used. Apart from its nephroprotective advantage, it also has additional benefit on cardiovascular and renal function based on EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. One of the examples of SGLT2i is Empagliflozin (JARDIANCE) tablet, which has FDA U.S. Approval in 2014. It acts by reduces renal reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, thus increases urinary glucose excretion. It can cause osmotic diuresis, which may lead to intravascular volume contraction. Apart from its additional cardiovascular and nephroprotective effect, SGLT2 inhibitor might have additional protective effect to the eye. Nowadays, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) has emerged as one of a non-invasive methods to study the microvasculature of the retina and choroid. Many studies had discussed regarding-pre clinical changes present on OCT-A in patients without clinical diabetic retinopathy. These pre-clinical changes includes capillary dropout, microaneurysm, neovascularization, venous beading and enlargement of fovea avascular zone. However, there are minimal data and publications on different type of diabetic CKD with OCT-A parameters in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of short term SGLT2 inhibition on OCT-A parameters (fovea avascular zone (FAZ) size, vessel density and perfusion density) in diabetic CKD.
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Detailed Description
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This is a prospective, single-centred, open-labeled, randomized clinical trial conducted in ,University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). This is also a Quasi-experimental study and all patients from Endocrine, Nephrology and Ophthalmology Clinic in UKM Medical Centre from November 2019 till November 2021 will be involved in this study. Patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria will be included in this study. All eligible subjects will be asked to sign an informed consent.
Participants will be randomized into two groups, diabetic patient with proteinuria and diabetic patient without proteinuria. Participants will be interviewed on demographic data (age, gender, race, blood pressure, Body Mass Index) will be taken. Urine sample and peripheral blood (2-3ml) is collected from patients in sterile container (EDTA tube) and will be sent for urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and HbA1c test. The eye with best fundal and signal view on OCT-A will be chosen or if both eyes similar, right eye will be chosen. Pre-treatment tests fundus photo and OCT-A measurement will be taken at eye clinic after dilating the pupils with 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride. Fundus examination is taken using a digital mydriatic retinal camera (Topcon Retinal Camera TRC-50DX (type 1A), Tokyo Japan. OCT-A measurement is taken by using Cirrus HD-OCT, 2016 Carl Zeiss Meditec.
Then Tab.empagliflozin 25mg once daily for 28 days will be given to both group of patients proteinuric and non proteinuric diabetic CKD. After 28 days, post-treatment tests of fundus examination and OCT-A measurement will be taken at eye clinic.
The statistical data analysis will be performed using statistical package for Social Science, version 22.0 (SPSS, Inc. Chicago III USA) for IOS. The OCT-A parameters studied (FAZ size, vessel density and perfusion density) will be used as main response variables. All variables will be defined by method of descriptive statistics. The analysis of quantitative variables includes a calculation of mean and standard deviation. T test will be performed to test the significant between the 2 groups. Correlation will be measured with Pearson correlation coefficient. A p \<0.05 will be considered as statistically significant.
Participants will be randomized into two groups, diabetic patient with proteinuria and diabetic patient without proteinuria. Participants will be interviewed on demographic data (age, gender, race, blood pressure, Body Mass Index) will be taken. Urine sample and peripheral blood (2-3ml) is collected from patients in sterile container (EDTA tube) and will be sent for urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and HbA1c test. The eye with best fundal and signal view on OCT-A will be chosen or if both eyes similar, right eye will be chosen. Pre-treatment tests fundus photo and OCT-A measurement will be taken at eye clinic after dilating the pupils with 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride. Fundus examination is taken using a digital mydriatic retinal camera (Topcon Retinal Camera TRC-50DX (type 1A), Tokyo Japan. OCT-A measurement is taken by using Cirrus HD-OCT, 2016 Carl Zeiss Meditec.
Then Tab.empagliflozin 25mg once daily for 28 days will be given to both group of patients proteinuric and non proteinuric diabetic CKD. After 28 days, post-treatment tests of fundus examination and OCT-A measurement will be taken at eye clinic.
The statistical data analysis will be performed using statistical package for Social Science, version 22.0 (SPSS, Inc. Chicago III USA) for IOS. The OCT-A parameters studied (FAZ size, vessel density and perfusion density) will be used as main response variables. All variables will be defined by method of descriptive statistics. The analysis of quantitative variables includes a calculation of mean and standard deviation. T test will be performed to test the significant between the 2 groups. Correlation will be measured with Pearson correlation coefficient. A p \<0.05 will be considered as statistically significant.
Conditions
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Diabetic Retinopathy
Chronic Kidney Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Study Design
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Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Primary Study Purpose
TREATMENT
Blinding Strategy
NONE
Study Groups
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Proteinuric diabetic CKD
Tab.empagliflozin 25mg once daily for 28 days
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Empagliflozin 25 MG
Intervention Type
DRUG
Tab.empagliflozin 25mg once daily for 28 days
OCT-A
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a non-invasive method to study the microvasculature of the retina and choroid.
Non-Proteinuric diabetic CKD
Tab.empagliflozin 25mg once daily for 28 days
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Empagliflozin 25 MG
Intervention Type
DRUG
Tab.empagliflozin 25mg once daily for 28 days
OCT-A
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a non-invasive method to study the microvasculature of the retina and choroid.
Interventions
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Empagliflozin 25 MG
Tab.empagliflozin 25mg once daily for 28 days
Intervention Type
DRUG
OCT-A
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a non-invasive method to study the microvasculature of the retina and choroid.
Intervention Type
DEVICE
Other Intervention Names
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Jardiance
Cirrus HD-OCT
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Patients diagnosed with Type 2 DM with CKD (eGFR 45 - 60 ml/min/1.7m2)
* Age between 35 and 65 year old
* Patients able to give informed consent to participate in the study.
* Patients previously not on tablet Empagliflozin
* Age between 35 and 65 year old
* Patients able to give informed consent to participate in the study.
* Patients previously not on tablet Empagliflozin
Exclusion Criteria
* Heart or respiratory failure, recent MI, shock, hypotension
* Pregnancy or lactation.
* Known case of CKD due to other causes such as hypertension, renal calculi, analgesic nephropathy
* Patients with multiple diuretic use.
* Hypersensitivity reactions to SGLT2 group of agents
* Patient underwent previous ocular intervention (surgery, laser or intraocular injection) within 3 months
* Dense cataract which could obscured the fundal view and signal strength on OCT-A
* HbA1c more than 10%
* Systolic blood pressure more than 180mmHg
* Pregnancy or lactation.
* Known case of CKD due to other causes such as hypertension, renal calculi, analgesic nephropathy
* Patients with multiple diuretic use.
* Hypersensitivity reactions to SGLT2 group of agents
* Patient underwent previous ocular intervention (surgery, laser or intraocular injection) within 3 months
* Dense cataract which could obscured the fundal view and signal strength on OCT-A
* HbA1c more than 10%
* Systolic blood pressure more than 180mmHg
Minimum Eligible Age
35 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
65 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
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National University of Malaysia
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Wan Haslina Wan Abdul Halim
Consultant Ophthalmologist-Cornea And Anterior Segment
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Principal Investigators
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Wan Haslina Wan Abdul Halim, M.D
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Department of Ophthalmology, UKM Medical Centre
Locations
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UKM Medical Centre
Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Site Status
RECRUITING
Countries
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Malaysia
Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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References
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Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, Malanda B. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018 Apr;138:271-281. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023. Epub 2018 Feb 26.
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American Diabetes Association. 10. Microvascular Complications and Foot Care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jan;41(Suppl 1):S105-S118. doi: 10.2337/dc18-S010.
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BACKGROUND
National Renal Registry Malaysia. 20th report of the Malaysian Dialysis & Transplant Registry 2013. Minist Heal Malaysia. 2013. Doi: 10.1143/JJAP.35.L657
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BACKGROUND
Port J Nephrol Hypert 2017; 31(2): 122-131 • Advance Access publication 29 May 2017. Diabetic Nephropathy and its two phenotypes: the proteinuric and non-proteinuric Regina Silva, Catarina Meng, Luís Coentrão
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Bolignano D, Zoccali C. Non-proteinuric rather than proteinuric renal diseases are the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017 Apr 1;32(suppl_2):ii194-ii199. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw440.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Perez-Monteoliva, N. R., Robles et al. Non-proteinuric diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of chronic kidney disease. Journal of Hypertension: June 2018 - Volume 36 - Issue - p e11. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000538992.55964.f1
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Garg AX, Kiberd BA, Clark WF, Haynes RB, Clase CM. Albuminuria and renal insufficiency prevalence guides population screening: results from the NHANES III. Kidney Int. 2002 Jun;61(6):2165-75. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00356.x.
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BACKGROUND
Rodriguez-Poncelas A, Garre-Olmo J, Franch-Nadal J, Diez-Espino J, Mundet-Tuduri X, Barrot-De la Puente J, Coll-de Tuero G; RedGDPS Study Group. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes in Spain: PERCEDIME2 study. BMC Nephrol. 2013 Feb 22;14:46. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-46.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Penno G, Solini A, Bonora E, Fondelli C, Orsi E, Zerbini G, Trevisan R, Vedovato M, Gruden G, Cavalot F, Cignarelli M, Laviola L, Morano S, Nicolucci A, Pugliese G; Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Study Group. Clinical significance of nonalbuminuric renal impairment in type 2 diabetes. J Hypertens. 2011 Sep;29(9):1802-9. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283495cd6.
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BACKGROUND
Retnakaran R, Cull CA, Thorne KI, Adler AI, Holman RR; UKPDS Study Group. Risk factors for renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 74. Diabetes. 2006 Jun;55(6):1832-9. doi: 10.2337/db05-1620.
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BACKGROUND
Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, Bluhmki E, Hantel S, Mattheus M, Devins T, Johansen OE, Woerle HJ, Broedl UC, Inzucchi SE; EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015 Nov 26;373(22):2117-28. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504720. Epub 2015 Sep 17.
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BACKGROUND
Skrtic M, Cherney DZ. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition and the potential for renal protection in diabetic nephropathy. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2015 Jan;24(1):96-103. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000084.
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BACKGROUND
Komala MG, Panchapakesan U, Pollock C, Mather A. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 and the diabetic kidney. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2013 Jan;22(1):113-9. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0b013e32835a17ae.
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BACKGROUND
JARDIANCE current prescribing information and medication guide, www.jardiance.com. Boerhringer Ingelheim International GambH.
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BACKGROUND
Vasilakou D, Karagiannis T, Athanasiadou E, Mainou M, Liakos A, Bekiari E, Sarigianni M, Matthews DR, Tsapas A. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Aug 20;159(4):262-74. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-4-201308200-00007.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Nishimura R, Tanaka Y, Koiwai K, Inoue K, Hach T, Salsali A, Lund SS, Broedl UC. Effect of empagliflozin monotherapy on postprandial glucose and 24-hour glucose variability in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-week study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2015 Jan 30;14:11. doi: 10.1186/s12933-014-0169-9.
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Yoshizumi H, Ejima T, Nagao T, Wakisaka M. Recovery from Diabetic Macular Edema in a Diabetic Patient After Minimal Dose of a Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor. Am J Case Rep. 2018 Apr 19;19:462-466. doi: 10.12659/ajcr.909708.
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Mieno H, Yoneda K, Yamazaki M, Sakai R, Sotozono C, Fukui M. The Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of chronic diabetic macular oedema in vitrectomised eyes: a retrospective study. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2018 Jul 23;3(1):e000130. doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2017-000130. eCollection 2018.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
SGLT2- inhibition with Empaglifozin Reduces Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With High Risk of Diabetic Macular Edema (The SUPER-Trial)
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Thompson IA, Durrani AK, Patel S. Optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics in diabetic patients without clinical diabetic retinopathy. Eye (Lond). 2019 Apr;33(4):648-652. doi: 10.1038/s41433-018-0286-x. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
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Goudot MM, Sikorav A, Semoun O, Miere A, Jung C, Courbebaisse B, Srour M, Freiha JG, Souied EH. Parafoveal OCT Angiography Features in Diabetic Patients without Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis. J Ophthalmol. 2017;2017:8676091. doi: 10.1155/2017/8676091. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
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BACKGROUND
Sandhu HS, Eladawi N, Elmogy M, Keynton R, Helmy O, Schaal S, El-Baz A. Automated diabetic retinopathy detection using optical coherence tomography angiography: a pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018 Nov;102(11):1564-1569. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311489. Epub 2018 Jan 23.
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Ashraf M, Nesper PL, Jampol LM, Yu F, Fawzi AA. Statistical Model of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters That Correlate With Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 Aug 1;59(10):4292-4298. doi: 10.1167/iovs.18-24142.
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Lee DH, Yi HC, Bae SH, Cho JH, Choi SW, Kim H. Risk factors for retinal microvascular impairment in type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One. 2018 Aug 9;13(8):e0202103. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202103. eCollection 2018.
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Cheung CY, Tang F, Ng DS, Wong R, Lok J, Sun Z, Tso T, Lam A, Brelen M, Chong KK, Luk AO, Chan JC, Wong TY, Tham CC. The Relationship of Quantitative Retinal Capillary Network to Kidney Function in Type 2 Diabetes. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018 Jun;71(6):916-918. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.12.010. Epub 2018 Feb 28. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
CIRRUS HD-OCT User Manual- Models 500, 5000 ©2016 Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Other Identifiers
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FF-2019-386
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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