Integrating WIC With Early Childhood Systems of Developmental Care

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

46 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-01-10

Study Completion Date

2021-09-20

Brief Summary

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This study's goals are to improve connections between Oregon Women, Infants, \& Children (WIC) clinics, primary care providers, and Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education programs (EI/ECSE), in order to help children with suspected developmental delays get the services they need.

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Detailed Description

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Disparities exist in early identification of developmental disabilities, particularly for families from low-income and/or racial ethnic minority backgrounds. As WIC has frequent contact with children and families in the first five years of life, it is optimally positioned to play a unique role in early identification of developmental disabilities. However, WIC staff are not formally trained in child development outside of program's primary focus on nutrition and supporting the feeding relationship nor is formal screening for potential developmental delays an allowable WIC expense. In our prior research Oregon WIC staff reported being frequently asked by parents about potential concerns yet they also reported not being well connected to pediatric primary care, Part C Early Intervention (EI), or other resources who could further assess these concerns. In this study the investigators propose to design and pilot test a 2-part intervention to enhance the link between WIC and early childhood resources. The 2-part intervention includes: (1) WIC staff training delivered at the Local Agency which will: build staff confidence in discussing developmental concerns with families, familiarize staff with the CDC Learn the Signs Act Early (LTSAE) material which may be used to support those conversations, provide easy tips for encouraging early language and literacy development with parents, and study procedures (2) the creation of a standardized, direct, closed-loop referral process from WIC to EI for families with an identified concern who agree to the referral. EI will notify the child's primary care provider of the referral as per usual EI protocol. A referral form has been approved by the Oregon Department of Education (ODE) to support the direct referral from WIC to EI, meeting all ODE FERPA requirements. In addition, a data use agreement has been approved by ODE to allow the study team to access data on referred children to determine if they completed further assessment and the given diagnosis (if any). While our primary quantitative outcomes of interest are the number of children with a potential developmental concern who are referred directly from WIC to EI, the timing of follow-up assessment by EI from that referral, services plan \& start of services; the project really centers on improving processes between organizations who are key stakeholders in referral, assessment, and treatment. Therefore, secondary outcomes include feasibility and acceptability of the intervention amongst WIC staff, EI staff and primary care providers Upon completion of the study the investigators hope to apply our findings to scale up the WIC staff training and closed-loop referral process to take it Statewide. If successful the investigators will disseminate findings through the National WIC Association to encourage other State and Tribal WIC Authorities to adopt our procedures as best practices.

Conditions

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Developmental Disability Food Assistance Health Care Disparity

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Parents in the immediate intervention arm sign a study consent that is integrated into the Women, Infants, \& Children (WIC) Referral Form. They also complete a brief demographic survey. No consent is necessary in the delayed intervention arm as only aggregate information will be reported to the study team by Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education. EI/ECSE referrals are tracked from clinics in both arms for 6 months in ecWeb. At the end of the data collection period, the study team will meet to refine the intervention based on the experience with the immediate intervention group. Qualitative Interviews will take place with WIC staff, parents who indicate interest, EI/ECSE staff, and primary care providers during and after the post-intervention data collection period.

Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Immediate Intervention Group

Parents in the immediate intervention arm sign a study consent that is integrated into the WIC Referral Form. They also complete a brief demographic survey. No consent is necessary in the delayed intervention arm as only aggregate information will be reported to the study team by EI/ECSE. EI/ECSE referrals are tracked from clinics in both arms for 6 months in ecWeb. At the end of the data collection period, the study team will meet to refine the intervention based on the experience with the immediate intervention group. Qualitative Interviews will take place with WIC staff, parents who indicate interest, EI/ECSE staff, and primary care providers during and after the post-intervention data collection period.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Intervention Group

Intervention Type OTHER

The immediate intervention group will receive training on how to identify children at risk for developmental disabilities and how to refer to Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education.

Delayed Intervention Group

6 months after the immediate intervention group receives their training, the delayed intervention group will receive the training. Prior to implementation of the training in the delayed intervention group, the study team will meet with the Stakeholder Advisory Board. It will review interim results and consider the efficacy of the intervention as a whole. Based on actual use patterns and stakeholder feedback, the investigators will make improvements to the intervention prior to implementing it in the delayed intervention group.

Group Type OTHER

Control group

Intervention Type OTHER

The control group will continue usual WIC care.

Interventions

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Intervention Group

The immediate intervention group will receive training on how to identify children at risk for developmental disabilities and how to refer to Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education.

Intervention Type OTHER

Control group

The control group will continue usual WIC care.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* The primary subject population of interest are Women, Infants, \& Children families who in the course of a WIC visit identify a potential developmental concern and agree to a direct referral from WIC to Early Intervention to further assess that concern. To be eligible for the study, the parent/guardian must speak English or Spanish. The child with the identified concern must be under 54 months of age as the investigators will need to follow the child for 6 months to determine initial outcomes and children are no longer eligible for WIC after their 5th birthday.

WIC staff at the 4 intervention agencies, EI staff in the 4 communities in which the 4 intervention WIC Local Agencies are located, and primary care providers (PCPs) who have had a patient referred to EI directly from WIC will all be invited to participate in a telephone interview to give their perspective on the process. The only staff inclusion requirement is that these staff are currently working in their professional role in the county studied.

Exclusion Criteria

* Family speaks language that isn't English or Spanish. Child is older than 54 months.

Staff does not work in their professional role in the county studied.

Maximum Eligible Age

54 Months

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No