Mycoplasma Infection Rate and Macrolides Resistance in Children With Acute Respiratory Tract Infection
NCT ID: NCT04126304
Last Updated: 2019-10-15
Study Results
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Basic Information
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UNKNOWN
2312 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2019-11-28
2021-05-31
Brief Summary
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In this study, a total of 2312 clinical cases were expected to be collected, including 1160 cases of outpatient respiratory infection including common cold, acute bronchitis and cough after infection, and 1152 cases of hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia, through uniform enrollment in 11 multi-centers for 1 year. Clinical data and respiratory samples were collected and clinical follow-up was completed.To investigate the infection rate and drug resistance gene of mycoplasma pneumoniae in children's respiratory tract infection.To evaluate the effectiveness of azithromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infection.The early prediction model of refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae was established.To explore the clinical value of colloidal gold in early diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
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Detailed Description
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Azithromycin was administered orally or intravenously to outpatients who tested positive for mycoplasma pneumoniae by colloidal gold method.Finally, MP infection rate of children with respiratory diseases including outpatient (common cold, acute bronchitis and cough after infection) and hospitalization (community-acquired pneumonia) was statistically observed.The detection rate of MP macrolides drug resistance gene was isolated from respiratory disease cases.Sensitivity and specificity of MP rapid detection method (antigen and antibody detection rapid colloidal gold method) for diagnosis of MP infection;Effectiveness of azithromycin in treatment of MRMP infection.
Conditions
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Study Design
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COHORT
PROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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Common cold
A cold is a clinical diagnosis.Complaints may include a stuffy nose, sore throat, cough and headache.Objective signs are rare, but may include fever, enlarged anterior cervical lymph nodes, nasal mucosa and oropharyngeal erythema, and nasal mucus.
Azithromycin
If the diagnosis is common cold, acute bronchitis or post-infection cough ，treated with non-macrolides when the mycoplasma colloidal gold test is negative, treated with azithromycin when colloidal gold test is positive.
Mycoplasma detection
1. common cold, acute bronchitis or post-infection cough :MPlgM colloidal gold detection;Pharyngeal swab MP-RNA PCR, mutated gene detection at 2063 and 2064 site of macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA II region detection
2. community-acquired pneumonia:mycoplasma antigen antibody particle agglutination detection ;Sputum MP-RNA PCR, mutated gene detection at 2063 and 2064 site of macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA II region detection
Data collection
1. Common cold:On enrollment, day 3 and day 7, scores were collected based on the Canadian acute respiratory diseases and influenza scale (CARIFS scale), success rate of initial treatment, antimicrobial conversion rate, intravenous rehydration rate, pneumonia conversion rate, re-visit rate, and hospitalization rate.
2. Acute bronchitis :on enrollment, day 3, and day 7, the Likert 7 subscale was used to score the cough severity questionnaire, collect the success rate of initial treatment, antimicrobial conversion rate, intravenous rehydration rate, pneumonia conversion rate, re-visit rate, and hospitalization rate.
3. Post-infection cough:on the day after outpatient visit, day 3, day 7, and day 14, the cough severity questionnaire (Likert 7 subscale) was used to score the success rate of initial treatment, antimicrobial conversion rate, intravenous rehydration rate, pneumonia conversion rate, re-visit rate, and hospitalization rate.
acute bronchitis
In 2011, the European society of respiratory diseases (ERS) defined acute disease in patients with non-chronic lung disease. Symptoms include cough, with or without expectoration of phlegm, and other symptoms and signs may indicate lower respiratory tract infection and cannot be explained by other diseases (e.g., sinusitis, asthma).The main symptoms of acute bronchitis are cough, may be accompanied by fever, fatigue, asthma and dyspnea.
Azithromycin
If the diagnosis is common cold, acute bronchitis or post-infection cough ，treated with non-macrolides when the mycoplasma colloidal gold test is negative, treated with azithromycin when colloidal gold test is positive.
Mycoplasma detection
1. common cold, acute bronchitis or post-infection cough :MPlgM colloidal gold detection;Pharyngeal swab MP-RNA PCR, mutated gene detection at 2063 and 2064 site of macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA II region detection
2. community-acquired pneumonia:mycoplasma antigen antibody particle agglutination detection ;Sputum MP-RNA PCR, mutated gene detection at 2063 and 2064 site of macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA II region detection
Data collection
1. Common cold:On enrollment, day 3 and day 7, scores were collected based on the Canadian acute respiratory diseases and influenza scale (CARIFS scale), success rate of initial treatment, antimicrobial conversion rate, intravenous rehydration rate, pneumonia conversion rate, re-visit rate, and hospitalization rate.
2. Acute bronchitis :on enrollment, day 3, and day 7, the Likert 7 subscale was used to score the cough severity questionnaire, collect the success rate of initial treatment, antimicrobial conversion rate, intravenous rehydration rate, pneumonia conversion rate, re-visit rate, and hospitalization rate.
3. Post-infection cough:on the day after outpatient visit, day 3, day 7, and day 14, the cough severity questionnaire (Likert 7 subscale) was used to score the success rate of initial treatment, antimicrobial conversion rate, intravenous rehydration rate, pneumonia conversion rate, re-visit rate, and hospitalization rate.
Post-infection cough
The definition in the 2013 guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in Chinese children: cough refers to a recent history of respiratory tract infection;The cough lasted \> for 4 weeks, presenting an irritating dry cough or a little white phlegm.Chest x - ray examination showed no abnormality or only increased lung veins.The pulmonary ventilation function was normal, or presented transient high airway response.Coughs are usually self-limited, and other diagnoses should be considered if the cough is more than 8 weeks old.In addition to other causes of chronic cough.
Azithromycin
If the diagnosis is common cold, acute bronchitis or post-infection cough ，treated with non-macrolides when the mycoplasma colloidal gold test is negative, treated with azithromycin when colloidal gold test is positive.
Mycoplasma detection
1. common cold, acute bronchitis or post-infection cough :MPlgM colloidal gold detection;Pharyngeal swab MP-RNA PCR, mutated gene detection at 2063 and 2064 site of macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA II region detection
2. community-acquired pneumonia:mycoplasma antigen antibody particle agglutination detection ;Sputum MP-RNA PCR, mutated gene detection at 2063 and 2064 site of macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA II region detection
Data collection
1. Common cold:On enrollment, day 3 and day 7, scores were collected based on the Canadian acute respiratory diseases and influenza scale (CARIFS scale), success rate of initial treatment, antimicrobial conversion rate, intravenous rehydration rate, pneumonia conversion rate, re-visit rate, and hospitalization rate.
2. Acute bronchitis :on enrollment, day 3, and day 7, the Likert 7 subscale was used to score the cough severity questionnaire, collect the success rate of initial treatment, antimicrobial conversion rate, intravenous rehydration rate, pneumonia conversion rate, re-visit rate, and hospitalization rate.
3. Post-infection cough:on the day after outpatient visit, day 3, day 7, and day 14, the cough severity questionnaire (Likert 7 subscale) was used to score the success rate of initial treatment, antimicrobial conversion rate, intravenous rehydration rate, pneumonia conversion rate, re-visit rate, and hospitalization rate.
community-acquired pneumonia
According to the 2019 guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children, it is defined as infectious pneumonia developed outside the hospital (community), including pneumonia developed after admission due to infection of pathogens with a clear incubation period outside the hospital (community).
non-macrolides antibiotics
If the diagnosis is community-acquired pneumonia with negative mycoplasma antibody-granule agglutination, non-macrolides are used for treatment
Mycoplasma detection
1. common cold, acute bronchitis or post-infection cough :MPlgM colloidal gold detection;Pharyngeal swab MP-RNA PCR, mutated gene detection at 2063 and 2064 site of macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA II region detection
2. community-acquired pneumonia:mycoplasma antigen antibody particle agglutination detection ;Sputum MP-RNA PCR, mutated gene detection at 2063 and 2064 site of macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA II region detection
Data collection
Acquisition of children hospitalized time, heating time, mixed infection, drug (azithromycin, tetracycline, quinolone) dose and use time, pulmonary complication (pleural effusion, atelectasis, necrotizing pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, occlusive bronchitis, occlusive bronchiolitis, lung, emphysema, lung abscess, bronchiectasis, transparent), pleural puncture/drainage, bronchoscope, oxygen time, into the ICU, mechanical ventilation time, surgery, and deaths and re-visit, hospitalization, surgery and death within 30 days after discharge
Interventions
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Azithromycin
If the diagnosis is common cold, acute bronchitis or post-infection cough ，treated with non-macrolides when the mycoplasma colloidal gold test is negative, treated with azithromycin when colloidal gold test is positive.
non-macrolides antibiotics
If the diagnosis is community-acquired pneumonia with negative mycoplasma antibody-granule agglutination, non-macrolides are used for treatment
Mycoplasma detection
1. common cold, acute bronchitis or post-infection cough :MPlgM colloidal gold detection;Pharyngeal swab MP-RNA PCR, mutated gene detection at 2063 and 2064 site of macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA II region detection
2. community-acquired pneumonia:mycoplasma antigen antibody particle agglutination detection ;Sputum MP-RNA PCR, mutated gene detection at 2063 and 2064 site of macrolide-resistant 23S rRNA II region detection
Data collection
1. Common cold:On enrollment, day 3 and day 7, scores were collected based on the Canadian acute respiratory diseases and influenza scale (CARIFS scale), success rate of initial treatment, antimicrobial conversion rate, intravenous rehydration rate, pneumonia conversion rate, re-visit rate, and hospitalization rate.
2. Acute bronchitis :on enrollment, day 3, and day 7, the Likert 7 subscale was used to score the cough severity questionnaire, collect the success rate of initial treatment, antimicrobial conversion rate, intravenous rehydration rate, pneumonia conversion rate, re-visit rate, and hospitalization rate.
3. Post-infection cough:on the day after outpatient visit, day 3, day 7, and day 14, the cough severity questionnaire (Likert 7 subscale) was used to score the success rate of initial treatment, antimicrobial conversion rate, intravenous rehydration rate, pneumonia conversion rate, re-visit rate, and hospitalization rate.
Data collection
Acquisition of children hospitalized time, heating time, mixed infection, drug (azithromycin, tetracycline, quinolone) dose and use time, pulmonary complication (pleural effusion, atelectasis, necrotizing pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, occlusive bronchitis, occlusive bronchiolitis, lung, emphysema, lung abscess, bronchiectasis, transparent), pleural puncture/drainage, bronchoscope, oxygen time, into the ICU, mechanical ventilation time, surgery, and deaths and re-visit, hospitalization, surgery and death within 30 days after discharge
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
C) the guardian of the child (\< 8 years old) or the child (≥8 years old) can understand and be willing to participate in this study and sign a written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria
B) the children or their families refused to participate in the study.
28 Days
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Beijing Children's Hospital
OTHER
Tianjin Children's Hospital
OTHER
Xi 'an children's hospital
UNKNOWN
Shenzhen Children's Hospital
OTHER_GOV
Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
OTHER
Shanghai Children's Hospital
OTHER
Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
OTHER
Wuhan Children's Hospital
OTHER
The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
OTHER
Shanghai Children's Medical Center
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Yong Yin, master
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Shanghai Children's Medical Center
Central Contacts
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References
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Li L, Liao X, Zhao J, Xie YM. [Interpretation of chinese clinical guidelines for acute upper respiratory tract infection in children]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2017 Apr;42(8):1510-1513. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.2017.0049. Chinese.
Leung DT, Chisti MJ, Pavia AT. Prevention and Control of Childhood Pneumonia and Diarrhea. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2016 Feb;63(1):67-79. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2015.08.003.
Nair H, Simoes EA, Rudan I, Gessner BD, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Zhang JSF, Feikin DR, Mackenzie GA, Moiisi JC, Roca A, Baggett HC, Zaman SM, Singleton RJ, Lucero MG, Chandran A, Gentile A, Cohen C, Krishnan A, Bhutta ZA, Arguedas A, Clara AW, Andrade AL, Ope M, Ruvinsky RO, Hortal M, McCracken JP, Madhi SA, Bruce N, Qazi SA, Morris SS, El Arifeen S, Weber MW, Scott JAG, Brooks WA, Breiman RF, Campbell H; Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Infections Working Group. Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2013 Apr 20;381(9875):1380-1390. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61901-1. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
Basarab M, Macrae MB, Curtis CM. Atypical pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2014 May;20(3):247-51. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000048.
Blasi F. Atypical pathogens and respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J. 2004 Jul;24(1):171-81. doi: 10.1183/09031936.04.00135703.
Xu W, Guo L, Dong X, Li X, Zhou P, Ni Q, Zhou X, Wagner AL, Li L. Detection of Viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Hospitalized Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Northern China, 2015-2016. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2018 Mar 22;71(2):134-139. doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2017.412. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
Sondergaard MJ, Friis MB, Hansen DS, Jorgensen IM. Clinical manifestations in infants and children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. PLoS One. 2018 Apr 26;13(4):e0195288. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195288. eCollection 2018.
Wang H, Dai W, Qiu C, Li S, Wang W, Xu J, Li Z, Wang H, Li Y, Yang Z, Feng X, Zhou Q, Han L, Li Y, Zheng Y. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae caused different microbial structure and correlation network in lung microbiota. J Thorac Dis. 2016 Jun;8(6):1316-22. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2016.04.63.
Zhao F, Liu J, Shi W, Huang F, Liu L, Zhao S, Zhang J. Antimicrobial susceptibility and genotyping of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates in Beijing, China, from 2014 to 2016. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019 Jan 24;8:18. doi: 10.1186/s13756-019-0469-7. eCollection 2019.
Yang HJ, Song DJ, Shim JY. Mechanism of resistance acquisition and treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Korean J Pediatr. 2017 Jun;60(6):167-174. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2017.60.6.167. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
Matsuoka M, Narita M, Okazaki N, Ohya H, Yamazaki T, Ouchi K, Suzuki I, Andoh T, Kenri T, Sasaki Y, Horino A, Shintani M, Arakawa Y, Sasaki T. Characterization and molecular analysis of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae clinical isolates obtained in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Dec;48(12):4624-30. doi: 10.1128/AAC.48.12.4624-4630.2004.
Bebear C, Pereyre S, Peuchant O. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: susceptibility and resistance to antibiotics. Future Microbiol. 2011 Apr;6(4):423-31. doi: 10.2217/fmb.11.18.
Kawai Y, Miyashita N, Kubo M, Akaike H, Kato A, Nishizawa Y, Saito A, Kondo E, Teranishi H, Wakabayashi T, Ogita S, Tanaka T, Kawasaki K, Nakano T, Terada K, Ouchi K. Nationwide surveillance of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in pediatric patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Aug;57(8):4046-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00663-13. Epub 2013 May 28.
Yin YD, Wang R, Zhuo C, Wang H, Wang MG, Xie CM, She DY, Yuan X, Wang RT, Cao B, Liu YN. Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae prevalence and clinical aspects in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia in China: a prospective multicenter surveillance study. J Thorac Dis. 2017 Oct;9(10):3774-3781. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.09.75.
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Pereyre S, Charron A, Hidalgo-Grass C, Touati A, Moses AE, Nir-Paz R, Bebear C. The spread of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is polyclonal in both an endemic setting in France and in an epidemic setting in Israel. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38585. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038585. Epub 2012 Jun 6.
Pereyre S, Touati A, Petitjean-Lecherbonnier J, Charron A, Vabret A, Bebear C. The increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in France in 2011 was polyclonal, mainly involving M. pneumoniae type 1 strains. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Apr;19(4):E212-7. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12107. Epub 2012 Dec 22.
Yamada M, Buller R, Bledsoe S, Storch GA. Rising rates of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the central United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 Apr;31(4):409-0. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318247f3e0.
Other Identifiers
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SCMCIRB-K2019060-1
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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