Effects of Electroacupuncture and Myofascial Release on Headache

NCT ID: NCT04091100

Last Updated: 2021-02-21

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

19 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-08-05

Study Completion Date

2019-10-22

Brief Summary

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Tension-type headaches (TTH) last from thirty minutes to seven days, were ranked second among the primary types of headaches. The diagnosis of TTH is made according to the diagnostic criteria of the Second Beta version of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. The causes of TTH include the activation of extremely tense peripheric afferent neurons through the head and neck muscles, muscle sensitivity and stress. Additionally, a limited range of motion (ROM) in the neck may also lead to TTH.

The treatment of TTH involve both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. It is known that the pharmacological treatment of TTH has a limited effect. However, previous studies have shown that physical therapy programs that include methods such as acupuncture, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), exercise, biofeedback, manipulation, cryotherapy, massage, strengthening of the neck muscles, stretching exercises are effective in alleviating TTH.

It has been observed that the trigger points in muscles play a role in TTH. Trigger points are generally defined as hyper-irritable points inside taut bands. It has been demonstrated that myofascial release, which is applied to the trigger points and is effective in relaxation treatments through stimulation of the neuromuscular system, relieves headaches via muscle relaxation. Electroacupuncture is another method used in relieving myofascial pain origin that involves the application of acupuncture needles to particular points and delivery of an electrical current at a specific frequency. The stimulation of muscle and skin tissues in affected areas is carried out by means of needles and the electrical current relieves pain and muscle spasms. In a meta-analysis study, it was found that electroacupuncture had a higher pain-relieving effect. However, a review of related studies deemed them to be lacking because the assessments were too limited to make it possible to unequivocally state that electroacupuncture has a high level of therapeutic efficacy.

The studies performed, however, did not examine the efficacy of electroacupuncture and myofascial release on TTH. Given that situation, the purpose of our study is to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture and myofascial release applied to points of tension in the neck muscles and trigger points of people suffering from TTH in terms of the headache intensity and frequency, neck functions, sleep quality and depression status.

Detailed Description

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The 19 individuals who were referred to Bahçeşehir University's Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation at the School of Health Sciences, with TTH, and who were 18 years of age and older, were recruited for the study. The individuals were randomly allocated into electroacupuncture and myofascial release groups with the Research Randomizer program.

Evaluation Methods A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to evaluate pain levels of the participants, CROM (Cervical Range of Motion) to evaluate neck ROM, Beck's Depression Inventory to evaluate depression status, Neck Pain Disability Scale to evaluate to evaluate the effect of their neck pain on the activities of the daily living Headache Diary to evaluate clinical features of the headache

Conditions

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Tension-Type Headache

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The individuals were randomly allocated into electroacupuncture and myofascial release groups
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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electroacupuncture

The individuals in the electroacupuncture group were administered the therapy by a certified acupuncturist. Two Shenlong acupuncture needles were inserted in each of the trapezius and levator scapulae muscles at intervals of 0-3 mm and clips were attached to their ends. Afterwards, an electrical current of 2 mA and 60 Hz was administered using the Enraf Nonius Sonoplus 492 (OPTOMED) device for 20 minutes.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Electroacupuncture

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

An electrical current of 2 mA and 60 Hz was administered using the Enraf Nonius Sonoplus 492 (OPTOMED) device for 20 minutes. All the treatments were performed for 2 sessions per week for 3 weeks. Both groups were given a home program involving neck stretching and posture exercises. The exercises were to be performed at least two times a day in two sets of fifteen repetitions.

myofascial release

Firstly, longitudinal stretching was done with forearm to the muscles in the person's neck in order to relax. Afterwards, the researcher placed one hand under the person's head and placed their fingertips on the muscles under the occipital bone in the neck area. The researcher applied lateral flexion to the neck with one hand while placing the other hand on the trapezius and levator scapulae muscles and then stretched the muscles with friction massage. After this step, the participant's neck was guided back into a neutral position and the pinching technique was applied to the muscles. During the administration of therapies, the trigger points on muscles were identified and friction was applied to these sites until a loosening could be felt. The myofascial release sessions concluded with the administration of the friction massage technique once again to the muscles.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Myofascial Release

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

longitudinal stretching, friction massage and pinching technique, All the treatments were performed for 2 sessions per week for 3 weeks. Both groups were given a home program involving neck stretching and posture exercises. The exercises were to be performed at least two times a day in two sets of fifteen repetitions.

Interventions

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Electroacupuncture

An electrical current of 2 mA and 60 Hz was administered using the Enraf Nonius Sonoplus 492 (OPTOMED) device for 20 minutes. All the treatments were performed for 2 sessions per week for 3 weeks. Both groups were given a home program involving neck stretching and posture exercises. The exercises were to be performed at least two times a day in two sets of fifteen repetitions.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Myofascial Release

longitudinal stretching, friction massage and pinching technique, All the treatments were performed for 2 sessions per week for 3 weeks. Both groups were given a home program involving neck stretching and posture exercises. The exercises were to be performed at least two times a day in two sets of fifteen repetitions.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Indiviuals with cervical tension headache
* aged 18 years or older
* Accepting voluntary participation in the study

Exclusion Criteria

* Epilepsy seizures,
* Heart disease
* Pacemaker,
* Patients with a history of stroke
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Bahçeşehir University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Leyla Ataş Balcı

Assist. Prof

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Leyla ATAŞ BALCI

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Bahçeşehir University, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

Locations

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Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

Istanbul, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Countries

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Turkey (Türkiye)

References

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Chowdhury D. Tension type headache. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2012 Aug;15(Suppl 1):S83-8. doi: 10.4103/0972-2327.100023.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23024570 (View on PubMed)

Karadaş, Ö. (2013) Gerilim Tipi Baş Ağrısı: Kronik Tip Değerlendirmesi, J Clin Anal Med, 4 (6), 522-6

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Madsen BK, Sogaard K, Andersen LL, Skotte J, Tornoe B, Jensen RH. Neck/shoulder function in tension-type headache patients and the effect of strength training. J Pain Res. 2018 Feb 23;11:445-454. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S146050. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29503581 (View on PubMed)

Bendtsen L. Drug and Nondrug Treatment in Tension-type Headache. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2009 May;2(3):155-61. doi: 10.1177/1756285609102328.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21179525 (View on PubMed)

Barbanti P, Egeo G, Aurilia C, Fofi L. Treatment of tension-type headache: from old myths to modern concepts. Neurol Sci. 2014 May;35 Suppl 1:17-21. doi: 10.1007/s10072-014-1735-3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24867829 (View on PubMed)

Georgoudis G, Felah B, Nikolaidis PT, Papandreou M, Mitsiokappa E, Mavrogenis AF, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. The effect of physiotherapy and acupuncture on psychocognitive, somatic, quality of life, and disability characteristics in TTH patients. J Pain Res. 2018 Oct 23;11:2527-2535. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S178110. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30425565 (View on PubMed)

Alonso-Blanco C, de-la-Llave-Rincon AI, Fernandez-de-las-Penas C. Muscle trigger point therapy in tension-type headache. Expert Rev Neurother. 2012 Mar;12(3):315-22. doi: 10.1586/ern.11.138.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22364330 (View on PubMed)

McKenney K, Elder AS, Elder C, Hutchins A. Myofascial release as a treatment for orthopaedic conditions: a systematic review. J Athl Train. 2013 Jul-Aug;48(4):522-7. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.17. Epub 2013 Apr 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23725488 (View on PubMed)

Ulett GA, Han S, Han JS. Electroacupuncture: mechanisms and clinical application. Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Jul 15;44(2):129-38. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00394-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9646895 (View on PubMed)

Wu, B., Zhan, G., Lin, Lian, Q. (2017), Electroacupuncture for treatment of cervicogenic headache: A meta-analysis. Transl Perioper & Pain Med, 2 (2).

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Wewers ME, Lowe NK. A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Res Nurs Health. 1990 Aug;13(4):227-36. doi: 10.1002/nur.4770130405.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 2197679 (View on PubMed)

Cheng LL, Ding MX, Xiong C, Zhou MY, Qiu ZY, Wang Q. Effects of electroacupuncture of different frequencies on the release profile of endogenous opioid peptides in the central nerve system of goats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:476457. doi: 10.1155/2012/476457. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23133494 (View on PubMed)

Ajimsha MS. Effectiveness of direct vs indirect technique myofascial release in the management of tension-type headache. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2011 Oct;15(4):431-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2011.01.021. Epub 2011 Feb 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21943616 (View on PubMed)

Melchart D, Streng A, Hoppe A, Brinkhaus B, Witt C, Wagenpfeil S, Pfaffenrath V, Hammes M, Hummelsberger J, Irnich D, Weidenhammer W, Willich SN, Linde K. Acupuncture in patients with tension-type headache: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2005 Aug 13;331(7513):376-82. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38512.405440.8F. Epub 2005 Jul 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16055451 (View on PubMed)

Doraisamy, M. A., Kumar, C. P., & Gnanamuthu, C. (2010). Chronic tension type headache and the impact of myofascial trigger point release in the short term relief of headache. Global Journal of Health Science, 2(2), 238

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Other Identifiers

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LAB2

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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