BedMed-Frail: Does the Potential Benefit of Bedtime Antihypertensive Prescribing Extend to Frail Populations?

NCT ID: NCT04054648

Last Updated: 2024-08-27

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 776 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2020-05-25
• Study Completion Date: 2024-02-29

Brief Summary

High blood pressure (present in 1 of 5 Canadian adults) increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. Blood pressure lowering pills reduce this risk - but perhaps not optimally. A Spanish study suggests that using blood pressure pills at bedtime, instead of in the morning (when they are most commonly used), reduces death, heart attack, and stroke by more than 50%. If true, a switch to bedtime prescribing would have more impact on the health of those with high blood pressure than whether high blood pressure is treated at all.

BedMed, a community-based Canadian primary care trial, is already running and looking both to validate the findings of this Spanish study and to determine whether there might be unrecognized harms of bedtime use (such as more falls and fractures as a result of lower overnight blood pressure). One very important population that is likely to be more sensitive to the effects of medications, and almost always excluded from randomized trials, are the frail elderly (such as those who are resident in nursing homes). In order to have the greatest information about the safety and effectiveness of bedtime blood pressure medications, the BedMed team is additionally conducting a similar trial to BedMed in nursing homes ("BedMed-Frail" - the subject of this trial registration) to determine whether the risks and benefits of bedtime prescribing differ in this highly understudied population.

Basics of the trial: When patients are admitted to nursing homes, neither they nor their physicians are consulted about the timing of blood pressure medication. Unless explicitly stated to be otherwise, blood pressure pills are instead largely arbitrarily assigned for morning use by default. Given there is evidence that bedtime administration may be safer, the nursing homes participating in BedMed-Frail will have each hypertensive resident randomized to either continue with morning blood pressure medication use, as is their norm, or to have their facility's pharmacist gradually switch each residents blood pressure pills to bedtime. Over a period of roughly 3 years, health outcomes in these facilities will be tracked using routinely collected electronic health data to determine differences in things like hospitalization, death, or hip fractures - and at the end of the study the investigators hope to determine whether or not the recommendations for blood pressure medication timing in frail older adults should differ from those for the general population.

Detailed Description

The BedMed trial (led out of the University of Alberta and funded by both Alberta Innovates Health Solutions, and the Canadian Institutes for Health Research) is a pragmatic multi-provincial trial intended to determine whether bedtime antihypertensive use, as compared to conventional morning use, reduces major adverse cardiovascular events in community dwelling primary care patients.

BedMed-Frail, led by the same group of investigators, is a complementary but separate randomized trial evaluating whether the risks and benefits of bedtime antihypertensive use differ in a long-term care (LTC) population. To accomplish this, within participating Alberta LTC and supportive living facilities, eligible residents with hypertension will be randomized at the patient level to the antihypertensive medication timing intervention (i.e. bedtime versus continued morning use). Trial outcomes and baseline characteristics are drawn from routinely collected electronic health data - using both provincial administrative health claims data and the Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set (RAI-MDS), which is a standard instrument for collecting clinical information in Canadian LTC facilities.

BedMed-Frail is event driven, receiving quarterly reporting of total events from the Alberta Support for Patient Oriented Research (SPOR) Unit's Data Platform. Funding permitting, the trial will continue until observation of 368 primary outcome events. Upon observation of half that number, an independent data safety monitoring board (IDSMB) chaired by Dr. James Wright (Cochrane Hypertension Review Group Co-ordinating Editor) will examine all available outcomes. If p is ≤ 0.001 for benefit (the Haybittle-Peto boundary - recommended to reduce the chance of stopping too early and magnifying benefit), or if p is ≤ 0.05 for harm, the IDSMB will apply clinical judgement and make recommendations to the steering committee on whether the trial should break early.

The outcomes of BedMed-Frail are primarily designed to be analogous to the cardiovascular and safety outcomes monitored for in the community BedMed study. However BedMed-Frail is also examining for differences in behaviour issues between groups. Both behavioural problems, and blood pressure, have circadian rhythms. Blood pressure is normally lower overnight and behavioural problems in long term care residents typically worsen during the same period - a phenomenon known as "sundowning". Conceivably, there could be a relationship between the two such that behaviour problems might improve, or worsen, with bedtime antihypertensive use.

Conditions

Hypertension; Dementia

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Bedtime Antihypertensive Medications

The LTC facility's pharmacist will switch all once daily antihypertensive medications, one at a time as tolerated, to bedtime. Blood pressure lowering medications taken more than once per day are left alone.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Bedtime administration of the participant's pre-existing antihypertensive medications

Intervention Type: OTHER

Changing the administration time of once daily blood pressure lowering medications, one at a time as tolerated, from morning to bedtime.

Morning Antihypertensive Medications

No change to blood pressure medication timing is made. By default, most patients are using once daily antihypertensive medications in the morning at baseline.

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Bedtime administration of the participant's pre-existing antihypertensive medications

Changing the administration time of once daily blood pressure lowering medications, one at a time as tolerated, from morning to bedtime.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. Hypertension diagnosis as indicated by ≥ 2 such billing diagnoses at any time in the administrative claims data by any provider

2. ≥ 1 once daily BP lowering medication

3. Resident in a participating long term care facility.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Personal history of glaucoma or use of glaucoma medications. Glaucoma is an exclusion because nocturnal hypotension (i.e. excessively low blood pressure while sleeping) has been associated with ischemic optic neuropathy in such patients.

2. Any patient / family member or treating physician (all of whom will be notified in advance of the LTC facilities participation in this initiative) requesting the patient not participate.

• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Alberta Innovates Health Solutions

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role: collaborator

EnACt

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Alberta Health services

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of Alberta

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Scott R Garrison, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Alberta

Locations

Multiple Alberta Long Term Care Facilities

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Countries

Canada

References

Garrison SR, Youngson ERE, Perry DA, Campbell FN, Korownyk CS, Green LA, Kolber MR, Kirkwood JEM, Allan GM, Kraut RY, McAlister FA, Hill MD, Bakal JA. Bedtime vs Morning Antihypertensive Medications in Frail Older Adults: The BedMed-Frail Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 May 1;8(5):e2513812. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.13812.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 40354050 (View on PubMed)

Garrison SR, Youngson E, Perry DA, Campbell FN, Kolber MR, Korownyk C, Allan GM, Green L, Bakal J. Bedtime versus morning use of antihypertensives in frail continuing care residents (BedMed-Frail): protocol for a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end-point pragmatic trial. BMJ Open. 2023 Aug 1;13(8):e074777. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074777.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 37527898 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Pro00086129

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id