S-Nitrosylation (SNO) Therapy During Autologous Blood Transfusion

NCT ID: NCT03999229

Last Updated: 2025-12-02

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE1

Total Enrollment

35 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-07-25

Study Completion Date

2028-02-29

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The Purpose of the study is to test the hypothesis that administration of an S-nitrosylating (SNO) agent can improve tissue oxygenation during transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBCs).

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Transfusion is the most common therapeutic intervention employed to maintain and/or improve tissue and end-organ oxygen delivery. Despite the conceptual simplicity of this treatment recent studies indicate that RBC infusion often produces little clinical benefit and may actually harm the recipient by exacerbating rather than correcting anemia-induced tissue hypoxia.

The main driver/regulator of tissue oxygenation is blood flow not blood oxygen content. In turn flow into the microvasculature is controlled by small molecules called S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), the most important of which is S-nitrosylated hemoglobin (SNO-Hb).

The investigators determined that storage of human blood leads to rapid losses in SNO-Hb that are precisely paralleled by losses in the ability of stored RBCs to dilate blood vessels and thereby deliver oxygen. The investigators have now recently completed an autologous human blood transfusion that confirms the pre-clinical findings in that administration of 1 unit of packed RBCs to young healthy subjects did not improve tissue oxygenation and reduced circulating SNO-Hb levels.

This novel mechanism for the loss of physiological activity in banked blood and, more importantly, a putative intervention for its correction, raise the possibility that restoration of NO bioactivity could correct the deficit in oxygen delivery. As such, The Investigators plan to repeat our transfusion study with the addition of administering an S-nitrosylating agent during RBC infusion.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Transfusion Related Complication

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

This is an open-label phase I trial. Healthy young adult volunteers that would considered eligible by American Red Cross standards to donate blood will be screened by qualified practitioners for eligibility to participate in the above mentioned study. We anticipate an accrual number of 35, with subjects randomized to receive their blood (n=30) or saline (n=5) while breathing an SNO agent.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Blood transfusion with SNO agent

Autologous blood transfusion packed red blood cells (RBCs) while inhaling S-nitrosylating agent (SNO)

A single intra venous blood transfusion of one unit of packed Red Blood Cells (RBCs) will be given over the standard transfusion flow rate of 5 ml/min under the direction of a physician or a licensed medical professional.

Inhalation of SNO agent, 20-40 parts per million will occur during the transfusion.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

SNO

Intervention Type DRUG

S-nitrosylating agent (SNO) Inhalation

Red Blood Cell

Intervention Type DRUG

Blood transfusion (RBCs)

Normal Saline with SNO agent

Normal Saline Transfusion while inhaling S-nitrosylating agent (SNO)

A single intra venous infusion of one unit of normal saline, will be given over the standard transfusion flow rate of 5 ml/min under the direction of a physician or a licensed medical professional.

Inhalation of the SNO agent at 40 parts per million, will occur during the transfusion.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

SNO

Intervention Type DRUG

S-nitrosylating agent (SNO) Inhalation

Normal Saline

Intervention Type DRUG

Normal Saline transfusion

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

SNO

S-nitrosylating agent (SNO) Inhalation

Intervention Type DRUG

Normal Saline

Normal Saline transfusion

Intervention Type DRUG

Red Blood Cell

Blood transfusion (RBCs)

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

1. Hemoglobin \> 12 g/dl
2. Healthy, non-pregnant adults with no pre-existing blood disorders or disease states that impact oxygen delivery.

2a. Active blood and platelet donors will be sought as study participants since these individuals are familiar with the routines for blood withdrawal and re-infusion.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Individuals who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or are unwilling to avoid pregnancy during the study.
2. Individuals with an anatomic anomaly that would increase the risks associated with placement of the vascular catheters.
3. Individuals who report chronic diseases requiring medication of the heart, lungs, kidney, liver, etc or afflicted with any acute or chronic pathology that in the opinion of the screening physician makes them unsuitable for study.
4. Individuals with a recent history of antibiotic therapy (check for underlying cause).
5. Individuals unwilling to refrain from taking any phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor for at least 24 h prior to donation and/or autologous transfusion.
6. Individuals taking a vitamin K antagonist (warfarin) or other anticoagulant (e.g. heparin, clopidogrel, enoxaparin or dalteparin).
7. Individuals taking allopurinol, beta-adrenergic blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, meperidine (or related central nervous system (CNS) agents), or nitrates.
8. Individuals on long-term antihistamine therapy 8a. The study physician will determine on a case by case basis the suitability for inclusion of individuals who control seasonal or acute allergies with occasional antihistamine use.
9. Individuals with blood pressure parameters outside the normal range, i.e., higher than 130 mm Hg systolic and/or higher than 90 mm Hg diastolic; mild hypertension is acceptable by the Red Cross for blood donation.
10. Individuals with heart rates outside the range of 50 to 100 beats per minutes or with a pathologic irregularity.

10a. Pulses lower than 50 may be acceptable if the study participant participates in endurance training. The study physician will be consulted for evaluation.

11\. Individuals with an inherited or acquired blood coagulation disorder, congenital methemoglobinemia, or a familial hemoglobinopathy that impacts oxygen delivery (e.g. sickle cell).

12\. Individuals with any illness that may increase the risks associated with the study.

13\. Individuals who previously received blood products to treat an acute condition will be evaluated on a case by case basis.

14\. Individuals who report an acute or chronic disease state that may impact oxygen delivery.

15\. Individuals with evidence of diminished lung capacity.

16\. Individuals who might have difficulty with the placement of a face mask (e.g. claustrophobia, uncontrolled asthma, severe allergies, sensitive skin) and/or the inhalation of a product for approximately 2-3 hours.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

35 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Case Western Reserve University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

James Reynolds

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

James Reynolds

Professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and a member of the Case Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

James D. Reynolds, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Case Western Reserve University

Mada Helou, MD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

James D Reynolds, PhD

Role: CONTACT

216-334-9277

Sindhuja Senigarapu, MD

Role: CONTACT

216-334-9277

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

Sindhuja Senigarapu, MD

Role: primary

216-334-9277

James D Reynolds, PhD

Role: backup

(216) 368-5727

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Reynolds JD, Ahearn GS, Angelo M, Zhang J, Cobb F, Stamler JS. S-nitrosohemoglobin deficiency: a mechanism for loss of physiological activity in banked blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct 23;104(43):17058-62. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707958104. Epub 2007 Oct 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17940022 (View on PubMed)

Singel DJ, Stamler JS. Chemical physiology of blood flow regulation by red blood cells: the role of nitric oxide and S-nitrosohemoglobin. Annu Rev Physiol. 2005;67:99-145. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.060603.090918.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15709954 (View on PubMed)

McMahon TJ, Ahearn GS, Moya MP, Gow AJ, Huang YC, Luchsinger BP, Nudelman R, Yan Y, Krichman AD, Bashore TM, Califf RM, Singel DJ, Piantadosi CA, Tapson VF, Stamler JS. A nitric oxide processing defect of red blood cells created by hypoxia: deficiency of S-nitrosohemoglobin in pulmonary hypertension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Oct 11;102(41):14801-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0506957102. Epub 2005 Oct 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16203976 (View on PubMed)

Pawloski JR, Hess DT, Stamler JS. Export by red blood cells of nitric oxide bioactivity. Nature. 2001 Feb 1;409(6820):622-6. doi: 10.1038/35054560.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11214321 (View on PubMed)

VALTIS DJ. Defective gas-transport function of stored red blood-cells. Lancet. 1954 Jan 16;266(6803):119-24. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(54)90978-2. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 13118742 (View on PubMed)

Bunn HF, May MH, Kocholaty WF, Shields CE. Hemoglobin function in stored blood. J Clin Invest. 1969 Feb;48(2):311-21. doi: 10.1172/JCI105987.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 5764013 (View on PubMed)

Sugerman HJ, Davidson DT, Vibul S, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M, Miller LD, Oski FA. The basis of defective oxygen delivery from stored blood. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1970 Oct;131(4):733-41. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 5458535 (View on PubMed)

Shah DM, Gottlieb ME, Rahm RL, Stratton HH, Barie PS, Paloski WH, Newell JC. Failure of red blood cell transfusion to increase oxygen transport or mixed venous PO2 in injured patients. J Trauma. 1982 Sep;22(9):741-6. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198209000-00004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7120526 (View on PubMed)

Rao SV, Jollis JG, Harrington RA, Granger CB, Newby LK, Armstrong PW, Moliterno DJ, Lindblad L, Pieper K, Topol EJ, Stamler JS, Califf RM. Relationship of blood transfusion and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2004 Oct 6;292(13):1555-62. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.13.1555.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15467057 (View on PubMed)

Vincent JL, Baron JF, Reinhart K, Gattinoni L, Thijs L, Webb A, Meier-Hellmann A, Nollet G, Peres-Bota D; ABC (Anemia and Blood Transfusion in Critical Care) Investigators. Anemia and blood transfusion in critically ill patients. JAMA. 2002 Sep 25;288(12):1499-507. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.12.1499.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12243637 (View on PubMed)

Malone DL, Dunne J, Tracy JK, Putnam AT, Scalea TM, Napolitano LM. Blood transfusion, independent of shock severity, is associated with worse outcome in trauma. J Trauma. 2003 May;54(5):898-905; discussion 905-7. doi: 10.1097/01.TA.0000060261.10597.5C.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12777902 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

5R01HL126900

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

STUDY20221492

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.