Precision Diets for Diabetes Prevention

NCT ID: NCT03919877

Last Updated: 2025-05-25

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 100 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2018-05-24
• Study Completion Date: 2025-12-31

Brief Summary

With this study the investigators want to understand the physiological differences for people developing pre-diabetes and diabetes. The investigators hypothesize that different individuals go through different paths in the development of the disease. By understanding the personal mechanism for developing disease, the investigators will find a personalized approach to prevent that development. The investigators are also hoping to be able to find a biomarker that will pinpoint to the particular defect and thus, diagnose the problem at an earlier stage and have the information to give personalized diet recommendations to prevent the development of diabetes more effectively.

Detailed Description

At present, individuals with prediabetes or diabetes are grouped together as a single entity, but almost certainly they represent a mix of different gene-environment interactions that lead to one of four dominant physiologic mechanisms underlying their dysglycemia. 1- liver insulin resistance, 2- muscle insulin resistance, 3- impaired insulin secretion, 4- impaired incretin hormone secretion. Gaps that we are addressing here are extremely important - first, we will define a composite biomarker to identify different subphenotypes of prediabetes based on the four known physiologic mechanisms that contribute differentially in each individual to glucose elevations, which we hypothesize will also be reflected in their "glucotype". Importantly, because both continuous glucose monitor and administration of standardized meal testing and metabolic tests are not practical in the clinic, the development of a composite biomarker comprised of select multi-omics measures and clinical variables will enable clinicians and possibly patients (without clinician) to easily identify the specific diet that will yield optimal health results.

Conditions

Pre Diabetes; Insulin Resistance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NA
• Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Optimizing Diet for Glycemic Control

Phase 1: Metabolic testing will include 3 metabolic tests:

1. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. The participant will wear the CGM while undergoing the OGTT + will be asked to repeat the test at home twice.

2. The Insulin Sensitivity Test (Steady State Plasma Glucose). This test is designed to measure how well cells remove glucose from the blood in response to insulin.

3. The Isoglycemic Intravenous Glucose Infusion (IIGI). This test is designed to measure the incretin hormone effect.

Phase 2: Participants follow their own diet while using the CGM. Participants are provided with 5-10 standardized foods to test during this phase.

Phase 3: Participants are provided with additional standardized foods and counseled to continue their own diet during this phase.

Phase 4: Participants are counseled on reducing or limiting the foods that caused glucose spikes and they are also counseled on macronutrient composition of their diet based on lipid profile.

Group Type: OTHER

Dietary

Intervention Type: OTHER

Dietary counseling based on results of CGM analyses.

Interventions

Dietary

Dietary counseling based on results of CGM analyses.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Be 18 years of age or older;
• Not be pregnant, if female;

Exclusion Criteria

• Have major organ disease, hypertension defined as >160/100, pregnant/lactating, diabetogenic medications, malabsorptive disorders like celiac sprue, others, heavy alcohol use, use of weight loss medications or specific diets, weight change > 2 kg in the last three weeks, history of bariatric surgery.
• Any medical condition that physicians believe would interfere with study participation or evaluation of results.
• Mental incapacity a nd/or cognitive impairment on the part of the patient that would preclude adequate understanding of, or cooperation with, the study protocol.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)

NIH

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Stanford University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Michael Snyder

Chair, Genetics Department

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Michael P Snyder, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Stanford University

Tracey McLaughlin, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Stanford University

Locations

Stanford University

Stanford, California, United States

Countries

United States

References

Park H, Metwally AA, Delfarah A, Wu Y, Perelman D, Mayer C, McGinity C, Rodgar M, Celli A, McLaughlin T, Mignot E, Snyder M. High-resolution lifestyle profiling and metabolic subphenotypes of type 2 diabetes. NPJ Digit Med. 2025 Jun 11;8(1):352. doi: 10.1038/s41746-025-01728-6.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 40500312 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

5RM1HG007735-09

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

43883

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id