Comparative Effectiveness of Financial Incentives and Nudges to Reduce Cellphone Use While Driving Among UBI Auto Policy Holders
NCT ID: NCT03833219
Last Updated: 2020-09-10
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
2108 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2019-05-07
2020-08-30
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
FACTORIAL
PREVENTION
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Control (monitor only)
Continue in monitoring only mode
No interventions assigned to this group
Social comparison feedback
Report user's handheld phone use/ hour of driving for week. Compare this week's performance to distribution for driver cohort.
Weekly feedback
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.
End of rating period incentive
Monitor throughout intervention period and compare overall use to distribution for cohort. Notify participant at end of intervention period regarding the amount they have earned.
End of intervention period incentive
Notify participant about potential incentive at the end of the intervention period, but do not provide weekly feedback about performance.
End of rating period incentive + social comparison feedback
Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant at end of intervention period regarding the amount they have earned.
Weekly feedback
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.
End of intervention period incentive
Notify participant about potential incentive at the end of the intervention period, but do not provide weekly feedback about performance.
Weekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback
Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant weekly regarding the amount they have earned.
Weekly feedback
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.
Loss-framed weekly incentive
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. Pay participant weekly according to where they fall on the distribution each week.
Larger weekly loss-framed incentive+social comparison feedback
Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant weekly regarding the amount they have earned. Incentive amount is higher than "Weekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback" Arm.
Weekly feedback
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.
Loss-framed weekly incentive
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. Pay participant weekly according to where they fall on the distribution each week.
Interventions
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Weekly feedback
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.
End of intervention period incentive
Notify participant about potential incentive at the end of the intervention period, but do not provide weekly feedback about performance.
Loss-framed weekly incentive
Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. Pay participant weekly according to where they fall on the distribution each week.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Progressive Snapshot policy holder in one of the following states and regions: MI, PA, TX, FL, TN, OR, GA, NE, OK, OH, MT, MO, NV, CT, WI, MD, KY, MN, NH, NJ, AZ, ME, LA, SC, CO, MS, IN, IA, AL, ND, UT, RI, WV, WY, IL, AR, DE, KS, SD, NM, VT, ID, and the District of Columbia
* Has an email address
Exclusion Criteria
* Customer's residential address is in a state in which phone use while driving is factored into insurance rating
* Customer's Snapshot Mobile App does not collect trip data with all sensors active
* Customer in Snapshot program for \< 30 days or more \> 70 days
16 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration
UNKNOWN
University of Pennsylvania
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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M. Kit Delgado, MD, MS
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Pennsylvania
Locations
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University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Countries
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References
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Delgado MK, Wanner KJ, McDonald C. Adolescent Cellphone Use While Driving: An Overview of the Literature and Promising Future Directions for Prevention. Media Commun. 2016 Jun 16;4(3):79-89. doi: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.536.
French B, Small DS, Novak J, Saulsgiver KA, Harhay MO, Asch DA, Volpp KG, Halpern SD. Preference-adaptive randomization in comparative effectiveness studies. Trials. 2015 Mar 18;16:99. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0592-6.
Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Asch DA. Harnessing the power of default options to improve health care. N Engl J Med. 2007 Sep 27;357(13):1340-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsb071595. No abstract available.
Halpern SD, French B, Small DS, Saulsgiver K, Harhay MO, Audrain-McGovern J, Loewenstein G, Brennan TA, Asch DA, Volpp KG. Randomized trial of four financial-incentive programs for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 28;372(22):2108-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414293. Epub 2015 May 13.
Hayashi Y, Russo CT, Wirth O. Texting while driving as impulsive choice: A behavioral economic analysis. Accid Anal Prev. 2015 Oct;83:182-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.025. Epub 2015 Aug 13.
Klauer SG, Guo F, Simons-Morton BG, Ouimet MC, Lee SE, Dingus TA. Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 2;370(1):54-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1204142.
Lahrmann H, Agerholm N, Tradisauskas N, Berthelsen KK, Harms L. Pay as You Speed, ISA with incentive for not speeding: results and interpretation of speed data. Accid Anal Prev. 2012 Sep;48:17-28. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.015. Epub 2011 Apr 9.
Loewenstein G, Brennan T, Volpp KG. Asymmetric paternalism to improve health behaviors. JAMA. 2007 Nov 28;298(20):2415-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.20.2415. No abstract available.
Patel MS, Asch DA, Rosin R, Small DS, Bellamy SL, Eberbach K, Walters KJ, Haff N, Lee SM, Wesby L, Hoffer K, Shuttleworth D, Taylor DH, Hilbert V, Zhu J, Yang L, Wang X, Volpp KG. Individual Versus Team-Based Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2016 Jul;31(7):746-54. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3627-0. Epub 2016 Mar 14.
Reagan IJ, Bliss JP, Van Houten R, Hilton BW. The effects of external motivation and real-time automated feedback on speeding behavior in a naturalistic setting. Hum Factors. 2013 Feb;55(1):218-30. doi: 10.1177/0018720812447812.
Delgado MK, Ebert JP, Xiong RA, Winston FK, McDonald CC, Rosin RM, Volpp KG, Barnett IJ, Small DS, Wiebe DJ, Abdel-Rahman D, Hemmons JE, Finegold R, Kotrc B, Radford E, Fisher WJ, Gaba KL, Everett WC, Halpern SD. Feedback and Financial Incentives for Reducing Cell Phone Use While Driving: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jul 1;7(7):e2420218. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20218.
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
Related Links
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Center for Insurance Policy Research. Usage-Based Insurance and Telematics. National Association of Insurance Commissioners.
State Farm. (2014). Distracted Driving
Other Identifiers
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693JJ31750012
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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