Comparative Effectiveness of Financial Incentives and Nudges to Reduce Cellphone Use While Driving Among UBI Auto Policy Holders

NCT ID: NCT03833219

Last Updated: 2020-09-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

2108 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-05-07

Study Completion Date

2020-08-30

Brief Summary

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The investigators are proposing an experiment to help a national auto insurance company test behavioral economic strategies to reduce the amount of time policy holders actively use their cell phone while driving. Interventions include financial incentives, social comparison, and nudges, and survey data will also be collected. Data collected from this internal trial will be shared with the Penn research team and analyzed

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Automobile Accident

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Control (monitor only)

Continue in monitoring only mode

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Social comparison feedback

Report user's handheld phone use/ hour of driving for week. Compare this week's performance to distribution for driver cohort.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Weekly feedback

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.

End of rating period incentive

Monitor throughout intervention period and compare overall use to distribution for cohort. Notify participant at end of intervention period regarding the amount they have earned.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

End of intervention period incentive

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Notify participant about potential incentive at the end of the intervention period, but do not provide weekly feedback about performance.

End of rating period incentive + social comparison feedback

Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant at end of intervention period regarding the amount they have earned.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Weekly feedback

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.

End of intervention period incentive

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Notify participant about potential incentive at the end of the intervention period, but do not provide weekly feedback about performance.

Weekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback

Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant weekly regarding the amount they have earned.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Weekly feedback

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.

Loss-framed weekly incentive

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. Pay participant weekly according to where they fall on the distribution each week.

Larger weekly loss-framed incentive+social comparison feedback

Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant weekly regarding the amount they have earned. Incentive amount is higher than "Weekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback" Arm.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Weekly feedback

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.

Loss-framed weekly incentive

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. Pay participant weekly according to where they fall on the distribution each week.

Interventions

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Weekly feedback

Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

End of intervention period incentive

Notify participant about potential incentive at the end of the intervention period, but do not provide weekly feedback about performance.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Loss-framed weekly incentive

Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. Pay participant weekly according to where they fall on the distribution each week.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Progressive Snapshot Users with policy activated within recruitment period
* Progressive Snapshot policy holder in one of the following states and regions: MI, PA, TX, FL, TN, OR, GA, NE, OK, OH, MT, MO, NV, CT, WI, MD, KY, MN, NH, NJ, AZ, ME, LA, SC, CO, MS, IN, IA, AL, ND, UT, RI, WV, WY, IL, AR, DE, KS, SD, NM, VT, ID, and the District of Columbia
* Has an email address

Exclusion Criteria

* Progressive Snapshot Mobile App not updated to enable push notifications
* Customer's residential address is in a state in which phone use while driving is factored into insurance rating
* Customer's Snapshot Mobile App does not collect trip data with all sensors active
* Customer in Snapshot program for \< 30 days or more \> 70 days
Minimum Eligible Age

16 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Pennsylvania

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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M. Kit Delgado, MD, MS

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Pennsylvania

Locations

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University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Delgado MK, Wanner KJ, McDonald C. Adolescent Cellphone Use While Driving: An Overview of the Literature and Promising Future Directions for Prevention. Media Commun. 2016 Jun 16;4(3):79-89. doi: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.536.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27695663 (View on PubMed)

French B, Small DS, Novak J, Saulsgiver KA, Harhay MO, Asch DA, Volpp KG, Halpern SD. Preference-adaptive randomization in comparative effectiveness studies. Trials. 2015 Mar 18;16:99. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0592-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25887045 (View on PubMed)

Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Asch DA. Harnessing the power of default options to improve health care. N Engl J Med. 2007 Sep 27;357(13):1340-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsb071595. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17898105 (View on PubMed)

Halpern SD, French B, Small DS, Saulsgiver K, Harhay MO, Audrain-McGovern J, Loewenstein G, Brennan TA, Asch DA, Volpp KG. Randomized trial of four financial-incentive programs for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 28;372(22):2108-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414293. Epub 2015 May 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25970009 (View on PubMed)

Hayashi Y, Russo CT, Wirth O. Texting while driving as impulsive choice: A behavioral economic analysis. Accid Anal Prev. 2015 Oct;83:182-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.025. Epub 2015 Aug 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26280804 (View on PubMed)

Klauer SG, Guo F, Simons-Morton BG, Ouimet MC, Lee SE, Dingus TA. Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 2;370(1):54-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1204142.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24382065 (View on PubMed)

Lahrmann H, Agerholm N, Tradisauskas N, Berthelsen KK, Harms L. Pay as You Speed, ISA with incentive for not speeding: results and interpretation of speed data. Accid Anal Prev. 2012 Sep;48:17-28. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.015. Epub 2011 Apr 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22664664 (View on PubMed)

Loewenstein G, Brennan T, Volpp KG. Asymmetric paternalism to improve health behaviors. JAMA. 2007 Nov 28;298(20):2415-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.20.2415. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18042920 (View on PubMed)

Patel MS, Asch DA, Rosin R, Small DS, Bellamy SL, Eberbach K, Walters KJ, Haff N, Lee SM, Wesby L, Hoffer K, Shuttleworth D, Taylor DH, Hilbert V, Zhu J, Yang L, Wang X, Volpp KG. Individual Versus Team-Based Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2016 Jul;31(7):746-54. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3627-0. Epub 2016 Mar 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26976287 (View on PubMed)

Reagan IJ, Bliss JP, Van Houten R, Hilton BW. The effects of external motivation and real-time automated feedback on speeding behavior in a naturalistic setting. Hum Factors. 2013 Feb;55(1):218-30. doi: 10.1177/0018720812447812.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23516803 (View on PubMed)

Delgado MK, Ebert JP, Xiong RA, Winston FK, McDonald CC, Rosin RM, Volpp KG, Barnett IJ, Small DS, Wiebe DJ, Abdel-Rahman D, Hemmons JE, Finegold R, Kotrc B, Radford E, Fisher WJ, Gaba KL, Everett WC, Halpern SD. Feedback and Financial Incentives for Reducing Cell Phone Use While Driving: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jul 1;7(7):e2420218. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20218.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38985474 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Related Links

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http://www.naic.org/cipr_topics/topic_usage_based_insurance.htm

Center for Insurance Policy Research. Usage-Based Insurance and Telematics. National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

Other Identifiers

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693JJ31750012

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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