Trial Outcomes & Findings for Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Post-stroke Motor Recovery (NCT NCT03826030)

Last Updated: 2025-08-22

Results Overview

The Fugl-Meyer Upper-Extremity (FM-UE) is a measure of motor impairment (0 to 66 points, with higher points indicating less impairment). FM-UE scale consists of a 33-item assessment which provides a global assessment of UE motor impairment. A rater provides an ordinal rating (2=near normal ability/response, 1=partial ability, 0=unable to perform/no response). The FM-UE scale is a proven scale with excellent intra-rater reliability (0.99), inter-rater reliability (0.99), test-retest reliability (0.94 -0.99), and internal consistency (0.97). FM-UE scale was assessed both by site raters (who were masked to the intervention) and by a central rater (who was masked to timepoint and intervention), by watching video recordings. The centrally rated score was used for the primary outcome analysis. For each element of the FM-UE scale, if the centrally rated score could not be determined, the site rater score was substituted.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE2

Target enrollment

129 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Day 15

Results posted on

2025-08-22

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Sham tDCS + mCIMT Sham tDCS + mCIMT group only receives 30 seconds of stimulation at 2mA in the beginning to create a sensory perception to the scalp in order to blind the subject. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	2 mA tDCS + mCIMT 2 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 2 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	4 mA + mCIMT 4 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 4 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.
Overall Study STARTED	43	43	43
Overall Study COMPLETED	39	42	41
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	4	1	2

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Sham tDCS + mCIMT Sham tDCS + mCIMT group only receives 30 seconds of stimulation at 2mA in the beginning to create a sensory perception to the scalp in order to blind the subject. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	2 mA tDCS + mCIMT 2 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 2 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	4 mA + mCIMT 4 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 4 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.
Overall Study Withdrawal by Subject	2	0	1
Overall Study Lost to Follow-up	1	1	1
Overall Study Too busy to return for visits	1	0	0

Baseline Characteristics

Missing for one participant randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT

Baseline characteristics by cohort

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 15

Population: Modified intent to treat population which included all subjects with any post-baseline data.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Sham tDCS + mCIMT n=41 Participants Sham tDCS + mCIMT group only receives 30 seconds of stimulation at 2mA in the beginning to create a sensory perception to the scalp in order to blind the subject. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	2 mA tDCS + mCIMT n=43 Participants 2 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 2 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	4 mA + mCIMT n=43 Participants 4 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 4 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.
Mean Change in FM-UE From Baseline	4.91 units on a scale Interval 3.0 to 6.82	3.87 units on a scale Interval 2.0 to 5.74	5.53 units on a scale Interval 3.64 to 7.42

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 15

The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) is a measure of functional motor activity that quantifies upper extremity (UE) motor ability through timed and functional tasks. The WMFT Time Score the median of 15 timed arm movements and hand dexterity tasks, each to be completed in 120s. If a task could not be completed in 120s, a score of 121s was assigned. A lower WMFT Time Score is better.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Sham tDCS + mCIMT n=41 Participants Sham tDCS + mCIMT group only receives 30 seconds of stimulation at 2mA in the beginning to create a sensory perception to the scalp in order to blind the subject. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	2 mA tDCS + mCIMT n=43 Participants 2 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 2 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	4 mA + mCIMT n=43 Participants 4 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 4 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.
Mean Change in WMFT Time Score From Baseline	-8.67 score on a scale Interval -15.5 to -1.84	-1.65 score on a scale Interval -8.76 to 5.46	-10.37 score on a scale Interval -18.64 to -2.11

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 15

The Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) has 8 subscales which ask questions regarding a patient's physical limitations, memory and thinking, emotions and mood, ability to communicate, daily activities, mobility at home and in the community, use of hand most affected by stroke, and ability to participate in meaningful life activities. Each subscale item is rated on a scale from 5-1 (5= None of the time, 4=a little of the time, 3=Some of the time, 2=Most of the time, 1=All of the time). The domain/subscale scores, including the SIS Hand Subscale, range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Sham tDCS + mCIMT n=41 Participants Sham tDCS + mCIMT group only receives 30 seconds of stimulation at 2mA in the beginning to create a sensory perception to the scalp in order to blind the subject. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	2 mA tDCS + mCIMT n=43 Participants 2 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 2 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	4 mA + mCIMT n=43 Participants 4 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 4 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.
Mean Change in SIS Hand Subscale From Baseline	25.24 score on a scale Interval 19.13 to 31.36	13.60 score on a scale Interval 8.01 to 19.2	21.51 score on a scale Interval 15.77 to 27.25

Adverse Events

Sham tDCS + mCIMT

Serious events: 2 serious events

Other events: 4 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

2 mA tDCS + mCIMT

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 1 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

4 mA + mCIMT

Serious events: 5 serious events

Other events: 5 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure	Sham tDCS + mCIMT n=43 participants at risk Sham tDCS + mCIMT group only receives 30 seconds of stimulation at 2mA in the beginning to create a sensory perception to the scalp in order to blind the subject. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	2 mA tDCS + mCIMT n=43 participants at risk 2 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 2 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	4 mA + mCIMT n=43 participants at risk 4 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 4 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.
Cardiac disorders Myocardial infarction	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	2.3% 1/43 • Number of events 1 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).
Gastrointestinal disorders Abdominal discomfort	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	2.3% 1/43 • Number of events 1 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications Fall	2.3% 1/43 • Number of events 1 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).
Metabolism and nutrition disorders Hypoglycaemia	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	2.3% 1/43 • Number of events 1 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).
Nervous system disorders Carotid artery stenosis	2.3% 1/43 • Number of events 1 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).
Nervous system disorders Ischaemic stroke	2.3% 1/43 • Number of events 1 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	2.3% 1/43 • Number of events 1 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).
Reproductive system and breast disorders Vaginal haemorrhage	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	2.3% 1/43 • Number of events 1 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).
Cardiac disorders Cardiac failure acute	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	2.3% 1/43 • Number of events 1 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure	Sham tDCS + mCIMT n=43 participants at risk Sham tDCS + mCIMT group only receives 30 seconds of stimulation at 2mA in the beginning to create a sensory perception to the scalp in order to blind the subject. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	2 mA tDCS + mCIMT n=43 participants at risk 2 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 2 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	4 mA + mCIMT n=43 participants at risk 4 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 4 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.
General disorders Fatigue	2.3% 1/43 • Number of events 3 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	2.3% 1/43 • Number of events 1 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	7.0% 3/43 • Number of events 3 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications Fall	7.0% 3/43 • Number of events 3 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	0.00% 0/43 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).	4.7% 2/43 • Number of events 2 • Up to 105 days after randomization Reportable adverse events (AE) included: all serious AEs, any AEs that occur during the intervention period, any AEs that are possibly or definitely related to the intervention regardless of when they occur, and all clinically important adverse safety events including: severe headache, second-degree skin burn, clinical seizure, and neurological deterioration (greater than or equal to 4 point increase in NIHSS).

Additional Information

Wayne Feng, MD

Duke University

Phone: 919-681-1700

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place

Measure	Sham tDCS + mCIMT n=43 Participants Sham tDCS + mCIMT group only receives 30 seconds of stimulation at 2mA in the beginning to create a sensory perception to the scalp in order to blind the subject. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	2 mA tDCS + mCIMT n=43 Participants 2 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 2 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	4 mA + mCIMT n=43 Participants 4 mA tDCS + mCIMT group receives direct current stimulation at 4 mA for 30 minutes per session. All three tDCS groups receive constraint-induced movement therapy as the adjunctive behavioral therapy for 2 hours per session.	Total n=129 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	56.0 years n=43 Participants	62.0 years n=43 Participants	60.0 years n=43 Participants	59.0 years n=129 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	22 Participants n=43 Participants	13 Participants n=43 Participants	19 Participants n=43 Participants	54 Participants n=129 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	21 Participants n=43 Participants	30 Participants n=43 Participants	24 Participants n=43 Participants	75 Participants n=129 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	3 Participants n=43 Participants	3 Participants n=43 Participants	5 Participants n=43 Participants	11 Participants n=129 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	40 Participants n=43 Participants	40 Participants n=43 Participants	38 Participants n=43 Participants	118 Participants n=129 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=43 Participants	0 Participants n=43 Participants	0 Participants n=43 Participants	0 Participants n=129 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=43 Participants	0 Participants n=43 Participants	0 Participants n=43 Participants	0 Participants n=129 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	0 Participants n=43 Participants	3 Participants n=43 Participants	1 Participants n=43 Participants	4 Participants n=129 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=43 Participants	0 Participants n=43 Participants	0 Participants n=43 Participants	0 Participants n=129 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	20 Participants n=43 Participants	14 Participants n=43 Participants	19 Participants n=43 Participants	53 Participants n=129 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	23 Participants n=43 Participants	25 Participants n=43 Participants	21 Participants n=43 Participants	69 Participants n=129 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=43 Participants	1 Participants n=43 Participants	0 Participants n=43 Participants	1 Participants n=129 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=43 Participants	0 Participants n=43 Participants	2 Participants n=43 Participants	2 Participants n=129 Participants
Time from Index Stroke to Randomization 30-90 Days	11 Participants n=43 Participants	12 Participants n=43 Participants	11 Participants n=43 Participants	34 Participants n=129 Participants
Time from Index Stroke to Randomization 91-180 Days	32 Participants n=43 Participants	31 Participants n=43 Participants	32 Participants n=43 Participants	95 Participants n=129 Participants
Pre-Stroke Dominant Side Left	3 Participants n=43 Participants	4 Participants n=43 Participants	3 Participants n=43 Participants	10 Participants n=129 Participants
Pre-Stroke Dominant Side Right	40 Participants n=43 Participants	39 Participants n=43 Participants	40 Participants n=43 Participants	119 Participants n=129 Participants
Side of the Body Made Weak by the Index Stroke Left	23 Participants n=43 Participants	30 Participants n=43 Participants	17 Participants n=43 Participants	70 Participants n=129 Participants
Side of the Body Made Weak by the Index Stroke Right	20 Participants n=43 Participants	13 Participants n=43 Participants	26 Participants n=43 Participants	59 Participants n=129 Participants
Pre-Stroke Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0: No Symptoms At All	39 Participants n=43 Participants	35 Participants n=43 Participants	35 Participants n=43 Participants	109 Participants n=129 Participants
Pre-Stroke Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 1: No Significant Disability Despite Symptoms	1 Participants n=43 Participants	4 Participants n=43 Participants	5 Participants n=43 Participants	10 Participants n=129 Participants
Pre-Stroke Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 2: Slight Disability	3 Participants n=43 Participants	4 Participants n=43 Participants	3 Participants n=43 Participants	10 Participants n=129 Participants
Fugl-Meyer Upper-Extremity (FM-UE) Scale	39.0 units on a scale n=43 Participants	39.0 units on a scale n=43 Participants	40.0 units on a scale n=43 Participants	39.0 units on a scale n=129 Participants
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)	27.0 units on a scale n=43 Participants	27.0 units on a scale n=43 Participants	26.0 units on a scale n=43 Participants	27.0 units on a scale n=129 Participants
NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)	3.0 units on a scale n=43 Participants	3.0 units on a scale n=43 Participants	3.0 units on a scale n=43 Participants	3.0 units on a scale n=129 Participants
Wolf-Motor Functional Test (WMFT) Time Score	3.9 seconds n=43 Participants	4.0 seconds n=43 Participants	3.3 seconds n=43 Participants	3.8 seconds n=129 Participants
Log(WMFT Time Score)	1.4 log(seconds) n=43 Participants	1.4 log(seconds) n=43 Participants	1.2 log(seconds) n=43 Participants	1.3 log(seconds) n=129 Participants
Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) Hand Subscale	25.0 units on a scale n=43 Participants	30.0 units on a scale n=43 Participants	30.0 units on a scale n=43 Participants	25.0 units on a scale n=129 Participants
Lesion Volume - Affected Side (Centrally Assessed)	1.4 centimeters cubed n=42 Participants • Missing for one participant randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT	2.5 centimeters cubed n=43 Participants • Missing for one participant randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT	1.5 centimeters cubed n=43 Participants • Missing for one participant randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT	1.9 centimeters cubed n=128 Participants • Missing for one participant randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT
Weighted Corticospinal Tract (wCST) Lesion Load - Affected Side (Centrally Assessed)	0.5 centimeters cubed n=42 Participants • Missing for one subject randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT	0.5 centimeters cubed n=43 Participants • Missing for one subject randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT	0.6 centimeters cubed n=43 Participants • Missing for one subject randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT	0.5 centimeters cubed n=128 Participants • Missing for one subject randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT
Presumed Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) Positive - Affected Side Yes	32 Participants n=42 Participants • Missing for one subject randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT.	31 Participants n=43 Participants • Missing for one subject randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT.	27 Participants n=43 Participants • Missing for one subject randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT.	90 Participants n=128 Participants • Missing for one subject randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT.
Presumed Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) Positive - Affected Side No	10 Participants n=42 Participants • Missing for one subject randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT.	12 Participants n=43 Participants • Missing for one subject randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT.	16 Participants n=43 Participants • Missing for one subject randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT.	38 Participants n=128 Participants • Missing for one subject randomized to Sham tDCS + mCIMT.