Increasing Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Uptake Via General Health Messaging

NCT ID: NCT03759236

Last Updated: 2025-04-01

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 3 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2018-04-25
• Study Completion Date: 2020-02-19

Brief Summary

Background: Prevention of cervical cancer and genital warts could be achieved by immunization with the prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines commercially available. However, in the U.S. only 38% of females and 14% of males in the recommended age group (9-26 years) receive the complete, three-dose HPV vaccine. Because the HPV vaccine is covered under the Vaccine for Children Program, the underinsured and uninsured have no-cost access. Nonetheless, data from Los Angeles county suggest that HPV vaccination rates among the uninsured and underinsured groups are significantly lower than the national average, likely related to knowledge of the vaccine, transportation, number of doses and concern of side effects.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of health oriented text messaging to increase HPV vaccine uptake versus standard health messaging (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HPV vaccine information flyers).

Hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that receiving general health messaging, including messages regarding the benefits of the HPV vaccine, will increase HPV vaccine uptake. Text messaging will also be more successful in reaching the uninsured and underinsured populations than will traditional flyers/information pamphlets used in clinics.

Methods: A cluster randomized trial design will be used to recruit participants from four clinics in Los Angeles County which offer pediatric vaccination to uninsured and underinsured children. The sample will include women aged 18-45 years of age. Two of the sites will be randomized to the text messaging arm and the other clinic will be randomized to the control arm (standard messaging: CDC flyers and pamphlets available for patients at the clinic). Outcome measures will be HPV vaccinations rates at those clinics. Rates will be defined into groups who received 1 dose, 2 doses and 3 doses.

Anticipated Results: The investigators expect to find statistically significant higher HPV vaccination rates among children and women in the text messaging study arm compared to the control arm.

Implications and Future Studies: This pilot study will give us preliminary data to submit a larger randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy of text messaging.

Detailed Description

Prevention of cervical cancer and genital warts could be achieved by immunization with the prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines commercially available. However, in the U.S. only 38% of females and 14% of males in the recommended age group (9-26 years) receive the complete, three-dose HPV vaccine. Because the HPV vaccine is covered under the Vaccine for Children Program, the underinsured and uninsured have no-cost access. Nonetheless, data from Los Angeles county suggest that HPV vaccination rates among the uninsured and underinsured groups are significantly lower than the national average, likely related to knowledge of the vaccine, transportation, number of doses and concern of side effects. The primary objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the efficacy of health oriented text messaging to increase HPV vaccine uptake versus standard health messaging (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HPV vaccine information flyers).

The investigators hypothesize HPV vaccine uptake will be improved through the receipt of general health messaging that includes HPV vaccine messages. Such messaging will increase knowledge about HPV vaccine availability, as well as improve the perceptions around HPV vaccination. Text messaging will also be more successful in reaching large population groups than traditional flyers/information pamphlets used in clinics.

First, among our three participating clinics, the investigators convened community advisory boards (CABs) of individuals who are English and Spanish speaking to identify appropriate text messages including content, length of message and frequency of messaging (once a week, every other week). Topics included HPV vaccine messages, contraceptive information on hormonal contraception, long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods, dysmenorrhea, frequent menses, and vaginal discharge. The investigators focused on all topics and specifically messaging of HPV vaccine that are considered neutral and yet compelling. The investigators built upon the feedback obtained from the CAB. Each clinic serves at least 500 uninsured and underinsured children that offer regular HPV vaccination to these children. Of these three clinics, two of the sites will be randomized to the intervention arm (text messaging) and 1 site to have CDC flyers only. The sites currently collect information on all immunization given at their site. The sites will de-identify their vaccine rates for HPV at the end of the study and send us the de-identified data sets for vaccine rates, age (not birth date) and number of nursing/doctor visits made by age group.

Conditions

Human Papilloma Virus

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Health Messaging via SMS

Clinics randomized to this arm will receive the health messaging via SMS intervention. Flyers and information cards will be made available in all exam rooms and the waiting room, which contain information about the health messaging program. Patients must voluntarily elect to enroll in the program using their mobile device. Patients who enroll will receive a variety of health messages on topics including HPV Vaccine, Cervical Cancer screening, Birth Control options, Menstrual Problems, diet and exercise. Text messages are sent out using a third party interface, Twilio, at a frequency of 2 times each week for a duration of 1 year. These are one-way messages which only allow for texts to be sent to the participant.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Health Messaging via SMS

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

This intervention aims to provide health education on topics including HPV Vaccination, Cervical Cancer screening, contraceptive methods, menstrual problems, diet and exercise geared towards women with children of vaccination age.

CDC Pamphlets

The clinic randomized to this control arm will receive standard Center for Disease Control health pamphlets about the HPV Vaccine. Flyers are posted in the clinic waiting room and exam room.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

CDC Health Pamphlets

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

This intervention aims to provide health education on the HPV Vaccination to women with children of vaccination age.

Interventions

Health Messaging via SMS

This intervention aims to provide health education on topics including HPV Vaccination, Cervical Cancer screening, contraceptive methods, menstrual problems, diet and exercise geared towards women with children of vaccination age.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

CDC Health Pamphlets

This intervention aims to provide health education on the HPV Vaccination to women with children of vaccination age.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Women who are patients at the clinic
• Age 21+
• Have a working mobile phone with SMS capability

Exclusion Criteria

• Male
• <21 years of age
• Do not have a working mobile phone with SMS capability

• Minimum Eligible Age: 21 Years
• Eligible Sex: FEMALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of California, Los Angeles

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Anna-Barbara Moscicki, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of California, Los Angeles

Locations

University of California Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, United States

Countries

United States

Other Identifiers

48789

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id