Targeting Physical Health in Schizophrenia: Physical Activity Can Enhance Life

NCT ID: NCT03757988

Last Updated: 2020-09-21

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 17 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2018-12-06
• Study Completion Date: 2019-09-11

Brief Summary

Purpose: To develop and test the feasibility of an exercise intervention that combines group walking, activity tracking, and heart rate monitoring, and determine the effectiveness of this intervention on the physical and mental health for individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Participants: 14 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Procedures (methods): During the baseline assessment, subjects will be provided with a Fitbit wristband and instructed how to use it. During the first group session, subjects will be taught how to use their heart rate (on the Fitbit) to determine how fast subjects should walk (to achieve the appropriate exercise dosage). Information on proper care, usage, and how to determine the appropriate heart from the watch, which will be used to guide the intensity of the walk will be provided to subjects and reviewed at each group session. For all clinic based group sessions, subjects will arrive at the STEP clinic to meet the entire group and leaders and be reminded of the heart rate (HR) that corresponds with the intensity of that group session. Next, the group will go outside and walk for 30 minutes. At the completion of 30 minutes, everyone will go back into the clinic for water and review of the walk. After the second group session of each week, subjects will receive weekly progress reports of their steps and minutes spent walking the prior week (obtained from Fitbit devices). During this session, subjects will also set individual goals for the upcoming week for both their "intensity walks" and total steps per day.

Detailed Description

Overview of Procedures: PACE-life will be integrated into the Schizophrenia Treatment and Evaluation Program (STEP) outpatient clinics in Raleigh, NC and Carrboro, NC. The group walks will occur in the surrounding area around the clinics on sidewalks, bike trails, and residential streets. Goal setting groups and all assessments will take place in a conference room at the clinic. Goal-setting will include setting goals for the upcoming week in terms of number of steps as well as how many intensity walks that individuals plan to complete.

Assessments/Measures: The exercise intervention, PACE-Life, will last for 24 weeks and includes both group walks and independent walks (done at a location of the subject's choosing). Participants will be asked to complete assessments at screening, baseline, mid-point, post-test, and 1-month follow-up (approximately 28 weeks total).

At Screening the following measures will be examined: Demographics, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), a licensed physician will complete a medical history and physical exam, Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q).

At Baseline, Mid-point, Post-test, and 1-Month Follow-up the following measures will be examined: Demographics, Minutes Spent Walking, the Short Form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Steps/day, Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)- CRF will be measured using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Self-determination Basic Needs, the Basic Psychological Need Scale-in General, the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES), the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) (Baseline Only), Resting Systolic/Diastolic Blood Pressure and resting heart rate (RHR), autonomous motivation will be measured with the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2), enjoyment of walking will be measured with the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Weight, BMI, and Waist/hip Circumference.

At the conclusion of the open trial, the investigators will administer a brief questionnaire to the subjects regarding satisfaction and acceptability that will have both forced choice and open-ended questions.

Intervention- Groups will occur twice per week for 30 minutes for the entire intervention without changes in frequency and duration. The intensity, however, of both group walks and home-based walks will increase throughout this intervention in a stepwise fashion to create an exercise dose response to maximize impact on CRF.

Fitbits: All participants will be provided a Fitbit that is labeled with a participant number. All Fitbits are paired to a Fitbit account. Data from Fitbit devices can be synced to the corresponding account and accessed through Fitbit.com. Participants will be provided information about their accounts should participants want to look at the data but will be asked not to change any of the settings as the investigators will be using data for tracking steps/day and minutes spent walking.

Conditions

Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder; Brief Psychotic Disorder; Schizophreniform Disorder; Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NA
• Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Single Arm Experimental Walking Group

This is a pilot project with one single group that will be evaluated on the adherence to a walking protocol (Exercise Intervention- PACE-Life). Subjects will be walking two times a week under the supervision of the psychiatric clinic. In addition, subjects will be encouraged to add walking on their own on the days when subjects are not exercising under the supervision of the clinic. This pilot will be used to inform the final design of the subsequent randomized clinical trial that will be implemented following this pilot.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Exercise Intervention- PACE-Life

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Subjects will be provided with a Fitbit wristband and instructed how to use it. During the first group session, subjects will be taught how to use their heart rate (on the Fitbit) to determine how fast subjects should walk (to achieve the appropriate exercise dosage). Information on proper care, usage, and how to determine the appropriate heart rate from the watch, which will be used to guide the intensity of the walk will be provided to subjects and reviewed at each group session. For all clinic based group sessions, subjects will arrive at the STEP clinic to meet the entire group and leaders and be reminded of the HR that corresponds with the intensity of that group session. Next, the group will go outside and walk for 30 minutes.

Interventions

Exercise Intervention- PACE-Life

Subjects will be provided with a Fitbit wristband and instructed how to use it. During the first group session, subjects will be taught how to use their heart rate (on the Fitbit) to determine how fast subjects should walk (to achieve the appropriate exercise dosage). Information on proper care, usage, and how to determine the appropriate heart rate from the watch, which will be used to guide the intensity of the walk will be provided to subjects and reviewed at each group session. For all clinic based group sessions, subjects will arrive at the STEP clinic to meet the entire group and leaders and be reminded of the HR that corresponds with the intensity of that group session. Next, the group will go outside and walk for 30 minutes.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-V) diagnosis of a Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (SSD) (Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Brief Psychotic Disorder, Schizophreniform Disorder, and Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder)
• Between the ages of 18-65, both genders, and any ancestry;
• Intelligence Quotient (IQ) >70. IQ will be assessed using the WASI
• No hospitalizations for psychiatric reasons in the last 3 months
• Clinically stable (no psychiatric medication changes within the past month)
• Are not already engaging in consistent moderate-intensity exercise (cutoff = 60 min/week for the past 6 months);
• Present with no contra-indication to engage in regular moderate intensity exercise based on the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. (If an individual answers yes to one item on the of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q), a questionnaire that assesses cardiovascular risk factors, she/he will be asked to get clearance from a physician prior to participating in the study)
• Willing and able to provide informed consent. (Note: The research assistant will read the consent form with the participant and ask the subject to repeat back the information after each section to determine whether he/she understands the information provided.)

Exclusion Criteria

• Pregnant women will be excluded because pregnancy alters autonomic and immune responsiveness, increase weight gain, and can influence heart rate.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 65 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

NIH

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

David Penn, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Locations

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

North Carolina Psychiatric Research Center

Raleigh, North Carolina, United States

Countries

United States

Provided Documents

Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

1R34MH111852-01A1

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

18-1296

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id