Study Results
Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.
View full resultsBasic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
2588 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2018-10-05
2021-03-26
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
OTHER
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Social Allure Ads
Described below is Phase 3. Phase 1 and Phase 2 were small pilots used to inform and select study stimuli. Phase 3 was the larger randomized controlled online trial testing effects of warnings on social allure ads..
Participants were randomized to one of three health warning label (HWL) arms in a 1:2:2 ratio: 1) ads only, 2) ads with text HWLs only, and 3) ads with text + graphic HWLs. Within the latter two groups, participants were then randomized with equal probability to view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text or text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two social allure ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different social allure ad. Participants in the ads only arm, only viewed two ads without replacement.
Ads Only
Participants will view 2 ads without replacement.
Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs)
Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different ad.
Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs)
Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different ad.
Product Ads
Described below is Phase 3. Phase 1 and Phase 2 were small pilots used to inform and select study stimuli. Phase 3 was the larger randomized controlled online trial testing effects of warnings of product ads.
Participants were first randomized to one of three health warning label (HWL) arms in a 1:2:2 ratio: 1) ads only, 2) ads with text HWLs only, and 3) ads with text + graphic HWLs. Within the latter two groups, participants were then randomized with equal probability to view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text or text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads that represented a flavored tobacco product or a waterpipe apparatus. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a product ad Participants in the ads only arm, only viewed two product ads without replacement.
Ads Only
Participants will view 2 ads without replacement.
Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs)
Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different ad.
Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs)
Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different ad.
Interventions
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Ads Only
Participants will view 2 ads without replacement.
Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs)
Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different ad.
Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs)
Participants will view HWLs in one of four domains: long- and short-term health events, toxicants, and addiction; participants viewed two HWLs within each domain - there were two HWLs per domain. The text + graphic HWLs were placed randomly on two ads out of the possible four ad themes without replacement. Thus, participants viewed two HWLs within the same domain, with each warning being placed on a different ad.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Must have Internet access for Phase 1 and Phase 2 and have a Turkprime account.
* English speaker
Exclusion Criteria
* Anyone who does not have Internet access or a Turkprime account
18 Years
34 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Duke University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Isaac Lipkus, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Duke University
Locations
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Duke University
Durham, North Carolina, United States
Countries
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Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
Other Identifiers
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Pro00092330
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id