Effect of Chosen Treatment Methods in Patients With Cervical Spine Osteoarthritis

NCT ID: NCT03683602

Last Updated: 2018-09-25

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 80 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2011-01-31
• Study Completion Date: 2014-04-30

Brief Summary

Abstract Objective: To compare effect of PNF therapy with manual therapy on pain, associated symptoms, range of motion and functioning in patients with cervical spine osteoarthritis.

Design: Parallel group, single-center, double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Outpatient clinic in hospital KCRiO. Subject: Eligible patients were female adults with chronic pain of cervical spine due to osteoarthritis of vertebral body and intervertebral disc confirmed by X-ray.

Interventions: Group I (PNF group) was treated according to PNF concept, while Group II according to manual therapy (manual therapy group). Both groups received 10 days of treatment, 45 minutes each day.

Main measures: Primary outcomes measures were Oswestry scale and range of motion (ROM). Secondary outcomes measures were subjective evaluation of cervical pain according to VAS scale and associated symptoms (headache, vertigo, ROM of shoulder joints, balance). For each scale results were measured at baseline, after two weeks of intervention and after a three-month follow-up period without therapy.

Keywords: neck pain, PNF, manual therapy

Detailed Description

Degenerative changes of cervical spine contribute to pain and decreasing ROM. Cervical pain is the fourth common cause of disability in the United States and it has a significant socio-economic impact worldwide. Pain of cervical spine is one of the leading cause of decreasing quality of life and it requires more attention from medical service providers and researchers. Further sudies are urgently required to better understand prognostic factors and clinical course of neck pain especially in low-middle-income countries as well as ways how to prevent such ailments. Especially office workers run the risk of musculoskeletal system overload due to prolonged sitting position with office equipment not suited to their needs [4,5,6]. The annual incidence of neck pain in industrialised countries varies from 27% to 48% what generates high costs and becomes the key issue.

In 50-85% patients suffering from pain of cervical spine the symptoms don't resolve spontaneously and in 47% they may become chronic. Common cause of neck pain is: sedentery lifestyle, office work, difficulty sleeping, obesity, bad posture, depression, frequent use of a computer, female gender. Neck pain is common in office workers and it happens annual in 13-48% of them. As many as 42-69% experienced neck pain in last 12 months and in 34-49% they reported the beginning of neck pain during annual observation. Until now there are no clear conclusions concerning types of exercises to decrease pain and improve function of cervical spine in the proffesion mentioned. Neck pain often becomes chronic and it stays at least 6 months in 10% in man and 17% in women. Considering that neck pain is a problem for the general population it seems appropriate to indicate a treatment which will decrease pain effectively and that can improve functionig in daily living.

The goal of this study is to Compare the effect of PNF therapy with manual therapy in improving range of motion, decreasing pain, associated symptoms and improving ADLs in patients with cervical spine osteoarthtitis.

The parallel-group, single-centered, double-blind randomized experimental study was conducted in Cracow Rehabilitation and Orthopedic Centre in an outpatient clinic located in Aleja Modrzewiowa 22 in Poland. This medical facility has i.a. Accreditation Certificate, ISO Certificate. Written information was delivered to the Director of the Centre who obtained consent. The Bioethics Commission expressed a positive opinion on conducting the studies No. 71/KBL/OIL/2011 and follows the Declaration of Helsinki for ethical principles for medical research involving humans.

Patients admitted to rehabilitation in KCRiO were screened by Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation physician and on the basis of entry criteria they were qualified or excluded. All the patients involved were asked to sign a written informed consent for the participation in the study and filling in baseline assessments.The patients underwent rehabilitation program tailored for cervical osteoarthritis. One group received PNF treatment, the second one manual therapy. The patients were treated individually. Additionally both groups received physical modalities: laser therapy and TENS on cervical spine. Time of treatment was 2 weeks- 10 rehabilitation units 45 minutes each, once a day.

Treatment in the Ist group (PNF) included:

• neck patterns with a technique: Combination of Isotonics
• upper extremity patterns with a technique: Combination of Isotonics
• neck patterns with a technique: Hold-Relax
• scapula patterns with techniques: Stabilizing Reversals and Contract-Relax
• reeducation of postural control.

Treatment used in the IInd group (manual therapy) included:

• mobilisation of cervicothoracic junction
• cervical segmental mobilisation (flexion, extension, coupling movement)
• isometric exercises of cervical spine
• PIR (post-isometric muscle relaxation)
• traction of cervical spine
• received reeducation for postural control

Data was collected concerning age, BMI and type of work. After randomisation patients in both groups were blinded with regard to kind of received treatment and the study hipothesis. They received information who would be their physiotherapist. Data collecter was not involved in the trial. Observer collecting data couldn't enter the exercise room while patients were treated and couldn't be prezent during randomization. Contact between a person responsible for randomization process and data collector, as well as between caregivers and data collector was avoided; it was monitored by a Head of Physiotherapy Unit.

Conditions

Cervical Spine Osteophyte

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: DOUBLE

Study Groups

PNF group

PNF techniques, patterns, re-education of postural control, once a day 10 days,

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

PNF group

Intervention Type: OTHER

PNF is used in treatment of musculoskeletal pain of cervical and lumbar spine. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is a rehabilitation concept widely used by physiotherapists in many countries, in which stimulation of central nervous system is to achieve the highest possible functional level

Manual therapy group

traction, joints mobilization, pos-isometric relaxation, once a day 10 days

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

manual therapy group

Intervention Type: OTHER

Manual therapy is used for an assessment and treatment of joint and soft tissues.

The basic therapeutic tool is mobilisation. In the study joint mobilisation according to Kaltenborn-Evjenth Manual Therapy was used. The joint were mobilised with low velocity passive movements in the whole or end range. Spinal manipulation wasn't used. Liter Exelby reports that manual therapy with joints mobilisation was quite effective in improvement of functional movements and decreasing of pain.

Interventions

PNF group

PNF is used in treatment of musculoskeletal pain of cervical and lumbar spine. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is a rehabilitation concept widely used by physiotherapists in many countries, in which stimulation of central nervous system is to achieve the highest possible functional level

Intervention Type: OTHER

manual therapy group

Manual therapy is used for an assessment and treatment of joint and soft tissues.

The basic therapeutic tool is mobilisation. In the study joint mobilisation according to Kaltenborn-Evjenth Manual Therapy was used. The joint were mobilised with low velocity passive movements in the whole or end range. Spinal manipulation wasn't used. Liter Exelby reports that manual therapy with joints mobilisation was quite effective in improvement of functional movements and decreasing of pain.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• age 45-65,
• female gender,
• cervical pain due to osteoarthritis of vertebral body and intervertebral disc confirmed by X-ray,
• chronic pain lasting more than 13 weeks, verbal contact,
• intact cognitive functions and voluntary consent for the study.

Exclusion Criteria

• birth or aquired deficits,
• cervical spine injury,
• osteoporosis,
• cervical spine instability,
• myelopathy,
• signs of nerve root compression of C1-C8, such as paresis, muscle loss, hyporeflexia, use of analgesics,
• anti-inflammatory drugs or myorelaxants.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 45 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 65 Years
• Eligible Sex: FEMALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Jagiellonian University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Tomasz Maicki

PhD

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Tomasz Maicki, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Jagiellonian University Colegium Medicum

Locations

Krakowskie Centrum Rehabilitacji i Ortopedii

Krakow, Malopolska, Poland

Countries

Poland

References

Nazari G, Bobos P, Billis E, MacDermid JC. Cervical flexor muscle training reduces pain, anxiety, and depression levels in patients with chronic neck pain by a clinically important amount: A prospective cohort study. Physiother Res Int. 2018 Jul;23(3):e1712. doi: 10.1002/pri.1712. Epub 2018 Mar 14.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 29536618 (View on PubMed)

Malik AA, Robinson S, Khan WS, Dillon B, Lovell ME. Assessment of Range of Movement, Pain and Disability Following a Whiplash Injury. Open Orthop J. 2017 Jul 19;11:541-545. doi: 10.2174/1874325001711010541. eCollection 2017.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 28839498 (View on PubMed)

Vincent K, Maigne JY, Fischhoff C, Lanlo O, Dagenais S. Systematic review of manual therapies for nonspecific neck pain. Joint Bone Spine. 2013 Oct;80(5):508-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.10.006. Epub 2012 Nov 16.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 23165183 (View on PubMed)

de Koning CH, van den Heuvel SP, Staal JB, Smits-Engelsman BC, Hendriks EJ. Clinimetric evaluation of active range of motion measures in patients with non-specific neck pain: a systematic review. Eur Spine J. 2008 Jul;17(7):905-21. doi: 10.1007/s00586-008-0656-3. Epub 2008 Apr 22.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 18427843 (View on PubMed)

Ylinen J, Kautiainen H, Wiren K, Hakkinen A. Stretching exercises vs manual therapy in treatment of chronic neck pain: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. J Rehabil Med. 2007 Mar;39(2):126-32. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0015.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 17351694 (View on PubMed)

Cunha AC, Burke TN, Franca FJ, Marques AP. Effect of global posture reeducation and of static stretching on pain, range of motion, and quality of life in women with chronic neck pain: a randomized clinical trial. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2008 Dec;63(6):763-70. doi: 10.1590/s1807-59322008000600010.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 19060998 (View on PubMed)

Lluch E, Arguisuelas MD, Coloma PS, Palma F, Rey A, Falla D. Effects of deep cervical flexor training on pressure pain thresholds over myofascial trigger points in patients with chronic neck pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2013 Nov-Dec;36(9):604-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.08.004. Epub 2013 Oct 21.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 24152997 (View on PubMed)

Falla D, O'Leary S, Farina D, Jull G. Association between intensity of pain and impairment in onset and activation of the deep cervical flexors in patients with persistent neck pain. Clin J Pain. 2011 May;27(4):309-14. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31820212cf.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 21178596 (View on PubMed)

Cleland JA, Childs JD, Fritz JM, Whitman JM, Eberhart SL. Development of a clinical prediction rule for guiding treatment of a subgroup of patients with neck pain: use of thoracic spine manipulation, exercise, and patient education. Phys Ther. 2007 Jan;87(1):9-23. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20060155. Epub 2006 Dec 1.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 17142640 (View on PubMed)

Gallagher EJ, Liebman M, Bijur PE. Prospective validation of clinically important changes in pain severity measured on a visual analog scale. Ann Emerg Med. 2001 Dec;38(6):633-8. doi: 10.1067/mem.2001.118863.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 11719741 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

NECK/2018

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id