Cost-Effectiveness of Different Treatment Options for Lower Calyceal Stones

NCT ID: NCT03614247

Last Updated: 2018-08-03

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

175 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2007-01-01

Study Completion Date

2018-05-01

Brief Summary

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The aim of the present study to perform a full cost analysis for the complete clearance of calyceal stones by retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for the treatment of lower calyceal stones between 1 and 2 centimeters (cm) in size.

Detailed Description

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The lifelong prevalence of urinary system stone disease is approximately 15%. The lower calyx is the most common location where renal calculi occur. Because anatomical factors preclude spontaneous passage in this area, the need for treatment is more likely in lower calyceal stones. The European Association of Urology (EAU) suggests percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for stones larger than 2 centimeters (cm) and shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for stones smaller than 1cm as a first option, but controversy continues regarding the best treatment option for medium-sized lower calyceal stones of between 1cm and 2cm.

Medical costs are divided into two components: direct and indirect. Direct costs encompass all medical expenditures (e.g., drugs, hospital bed, all consumable and non-consumable materials used during the operation), while indirect costs include loss of working days for the patient. The stone-free rates (SFR) are reported as approximately 60% and 90% for one session of RIRS and PNL, respectively; however, no physician can guarantee a 100% SFR for one session. For this reason, a full cost analysis must include the direct and indirect costs of both the first and all auxiliary procedures.

The aim of this study was to perform a full cost analysis for the complete clearance of calyceal stones by RIRS and all PNL types for the treatment of lower calyceal stones between 1cm and 2cm in size.

Conditions

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Renal Calculi

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Patients who had a lower calyceal stone between 1cm and 2cm in size
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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RIRS

Patients underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery for lower calyceal stone between 1cm and 2cm in size

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Retrograde intrarenal surgery

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

The procedure was performed with the patient in the dorsal lithotomy position under general anesthesia. Firstly, diagnostic ureteroscopy was done with a 6/7.5 Fr semi-rigid ureteroscope (Richard Wolf, Knittlingen, Germany). A 0.035mm double-tipped sensor guidewire was placed to the renal pelvis. A 10/12 Fr ureteric access sheath (Cook Medical, Indiana, USA) was used. A 7.5 Fr flexible ureteroscope (Flex X2, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) was used for the main procedure. The stones were fragmented using a Holmium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser (272 microns). At the end of each procedure, a double-j ureteric catheter and urethral catheter were routinely placed.

Micro-PNL

Patients underwent micro percutaneous nephrolithotomy (tract size \<10 F) for lower calyceal stone between 1cm and 2cm in size

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Micro-PNL

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

The PNL procedures were performed with the patient in the prone position under general anesthesia. A 6-F ureteric catheter was placed at the beginning of the procedure. Calyceal access was provided using a 22-G Chiba needle. A 0.038mm sensor-tipped guidewire was inserted through the calyceal puncture into the renal pelvis. After tract dilatation, a sheath was inserted. The instruments used were a 4.8 Fr for micro PNL (PolyDiagnost, Pfaffenhofen, Germany). Stone fragmentation was carried out using laser in micro PNL. No nephrostomy was placed in any patient whom underwent micro PNL surgical technique. A double- j stent was placed in necessary (e.g., pelvis perforation, rest stone, stone migration to ureter). A urethral catheter was placed routinely in all patients.

Ultramini-PNL

Patients underwent ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (tract size \<15 F) for lower calyceal stone between 1cm and 2cm in size

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Ultra-mini PNL

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

The PNL procedures were performed with the patient in the prone position under general anesthesia. A 6-F ureteric catheter was placed at the beginning of the procedure. Calyceal access was provided using a 22-G Chiba needle. A 0.038mm sensor-tipped guidewire was inserted through the calyceal puncture into the renal pelvis. After tract dilatation, a sheath was inserted. The instruments used were a 7.5 Fr for ultramini PNL (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Stone fragmentation was carried out using laser in ultramini PNL. No nephrostomy was placed in any patient whom underwent ultramini PNL surgical technique. A double- j stent was placed in necessary (e.g., pelvis perforation, rest stone, stone migration to ureter). A urethral catheter was placed routinely in all patients.

Mini-PNL

Patients underwent mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (tract size \<20 F) for lower calyceal stone between 1cm and 2cm in size

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Mini-PNL

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

The PNL procedures were performed with the patient in the prone position under general anesthesia. A 6-F ureteric catheter was placed at the beginning of the procedure. Calyceal access was provided using a 22-G Chiba needle. A 0.038mm sensor-tipped guidewire was inserted through the calyceal puncture into the renal pelvis. After tract dilatation, a sheath was inserted. The instruments used were a 12 Fr for mini PNL (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Stone fragmentation was carried out using pneumatic, ultrasonic or laser in mini PNL. No nephrostomy was placed in any patient whom underwent mini PNL surgical technique. A double- j stent was placed in necessary (e.g., pelvis perforation, rest stone, stone migration to ureter). A urethral catheter was placed routinely in all patients.

Standard PNL

Patients underwent standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (tract size \>25 F) for lower calyceal stone between 1cm and 2cm in size

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Standard PNL

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

The PNL procedures were performed with the patient in the prone position under general anesthesia. A 6-F ureteric catheter was placed at the beginning of the procedure. Calyceal access was provided using a 22-G Chiba needle. A 0.038mm sensor-tipped guidewire was inserted through the calyceal puncture into the renal pelvis. After tract dilatation, a sheath was inserted. The instruments used were a 24 Fr for standard PNL (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Stone fragmentation was carried out using pneumatic, ultrasonic or laser in standard PNL. A nephrostomy was placed in all standard PNL patients at the end of the procedure

Interventions

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Retrograde intrarenal surgery

The procedure was performed with the patient in the dorsal lithotomy position under general anesthesia. Firstly, diagnostic ureteroscopy was done with a 6/7.5 Fr semi-rigid ureteroscope (Richard Wolf, Knittlingen, Germany). A 0.035mm double-tipped sensor guidewire was placed to the renal pelvis. A 10/12 Fr ureteric access sheath (Cook Medical, Indiana, USA) was used. A 7.5 Fr flexible ureteroscope (Flex X2, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) was used for the main procedure. The stones were fragmented using a Holmium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser (272 microns). At the end of each procedure, a double-j ureteric catheter and urethral catheter were routinely placed.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Micro-PNL

The PNL procedures were performed with the patient in the prone position under general anesthesia. A 6-F ureteric catheter was placed at the beginning of the procedure. Calyceal access was provided using a 22-G Chiba needle. A 0.038mm sensor-tipped guidewire was inserted through the calyceal puncture into the renal pelvis. After tract dilatation, a sheath was inserted. The instruments used were a 4.8 Fr for micro PNL (PolyDiagnost, Pfaffenhofen, Germany). Stone fragmentation was carried out using laser in micro PNL. No nephrostomy was placed in any patient whom underwent micro PNL surgical technique. A double- j stent was placed in necessary (e.g., pelvis perforation, rest stone, stone migration to ureter). A urethral catheter was placed routinely in all patients.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Ultra-mini PNL

The PNL procedures were performed with the patient in the prone position under general anesthesia. A 6-F ureteric catheter was placed at the beginning of the procedure. Calyceal access was provided using a 22-G Chiba needle. A 0.038mm sensor-tipped guidewire was inserted through the calyceal puncture into the renal pelvis. After tract dilatation, a sheath was inserted. The instruments used were a 7.5 Fr for ultramini PNL (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Stone fragmentation was carried out using laser in ultramini PNL. No nephrostomy was placed in any patient whom underwent ultramini PNL surgical technique. A double- j stent was placed in necessary (e.g., pelvis perforation, rest stone, stone migration to ureter). A urethral catheter was placed routinely in all patients.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Mini-PNL

The PNL procedures were performed with the patient in the prone position under general anesthesia. A 6-F ureteric catheter was placed at the beginning of the procedure. Calyceal access was provided using a 22-G Chiba needle. A 0.038mm sensor-tipped guidewire was inserted through the calyceal puncture into the renal pelvis. After tract dilatation, a sheath was inserted. The instruments used were a 12 Fr for mini PNL (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Stone fragmentation was carried out using pneumatic, ultrasonic or laser in mini PNL. No nephrostomy was placed in any patient whom underwent mini PNL surgical technique. A double- j stent was placed in necessary (e.g., pelvis perforation, rest stone, stone migration to ureter). A urethral catheter was placed routinely in all patients.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Standard PNL

The PNL procedures were performed with the patient in the prone position under general anesthesia. A 6-F ureteric catheter was placed at the beginning of the procedure. Calyceal access was provided using a 22-G Chiba needle. A 0.038mm sensor-tipped guidewire was inserted through the calyceal puncture into the renal pelvis. After tract dilatation, a sheath was inserted. The instruments used were a 24 Fr for standard PNL (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Stone fragmentation was carried out using pneumatic, ultrasonic or laser in standard PNL. A nephrostomy was placed in all standard PNL patients at the end of the procedure

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients who had a lower calyceal stone between 1cm and 2 cm in size

Exclusion Criteria

* solitary or anomaly (horseshoe or pelvic kidney) kidney,
* renal insufficiency,
* pregnancy,
* patient younger than 18 or older than 75 years,
* non-interrupted antithrombotic medication before surgery,
* urinary tract infection,
* double-j or nephrostomy insertion before surgery
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

75 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Ministry of Health, Turkey

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

Ankara Training and Research Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Muhammet Fatih Kilinc

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Muhammet F Kilinc, M.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ankara Training and Research Hospital

References

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Schoenthaler M, Wilhelm K, Hein S, Adams F, Schlager D, Wetterauer U, Hawizy A, Bourdoumis A, Desai J, Miernik A. Ultra-mini PCNL versus flexible ureteroscopy: a matched analysis of treatment costs (endoscopes and disposables) in patients with renal stones 10-20 mm. World J Urol. 2015 Oct;33(10):1601-5. doi: 10.1007/s00345-015-1489-4. Epub 2015 Jan 23.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25614255 (View on PubMed)

Sabnis RB, Ganesamoni R, Doshi A, Ganpule AP, Jagtap J, Desai MR. Micropercutaneous nephrolithotomy (microperc) vs retrograde intrarenal surgery for the management of small renal calculi: a randomized controlled trial. BJU Int. 2013 Aug;112(3):355-61. doi: 10.1111/bju.12164.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23826843 (View on PubMed)

Demirbas A, Resorlu B, Sunay MM, Karakan T, Karagoz MA, Doluoglu OG. Which Should be Preferred for Moderate-Size Kidney Stones? Ultramini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy or Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery? J Endourol. 2016 Dec;30(12):1285-1289. doi: 10.1089/end.2016.0370.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27706948 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2730

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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