Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Using CT Scans as a Potential Therapy for Alzheimer's Dementia: A Pilot Study

NCT ID: NCT03597360

Last Updated: 2022-03-02

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

4 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-01-08

Study Completion Date

2020-04-01

Brief Summary

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The goal of this project is to determine whether low doses of ionizing radiation (LDIR) from repeat CT scanning improves function, cognition and/or behavior in severe AD.

Detailed Description

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Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is a disorder of uncertain cause and pathogenesis that primarily affects older adults. It accounts for more than 50 percent of cases of dementia in the elderly and is a leading source of morbidity and mortality in the aging population. The most essential and often earliest symptom is selective memory impairment. While treatments can improve some symptoms, there is no cure or disease-modifying therapy, and the disease inevitably progresses in all patients. The mainstay of management is still symptomatic treatment of behavioral disturbances, environmental manipulations to prevent behavioural disturbances, and counseling with respect to safety issues.

The goal of this project is to determine whether low doses of ionizing radiation (LDIR) from repeat CT scanning improves function, cognition and/or behavior in severe AD. This is based upon the treatments given in 2015 to a patient in hospice in the USA with advanced AD. On July 23, she received two CT scans of her brain. Two weeks later she received a third CT scan, and two weeks after this, a fourth CT scan. She partially improved and was discharged to an Alzheimer care home.

In terms of the mechanism whereby CT scanning might lead to improvement, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced abundantly and constantly by aerobic metabolism in all organisms, damaging biomolecules including those in the brain. AD is postulated to be caused by the accumulation of oxidative stress damage in the brain that was not prevented, repaired or removed by the patient's own biological protective mechanisms. These systems, characterized genetically, operate against all toxins regardless of whether they are produced endogenously or by external physical, chemical or biological agents. As people age, their protection systems become progressively weaker. LDIR is postulated to stimulate adaptive protection systems. This may produce beneficial effects including improvement in AD symptoms. With about three-quarters of human tissue being water, most of the initial radiation-induced damage is radiolysis of water, producing ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). LDIR leads to mild oxidative stress and strong signaling, which up-regulates protection.The degree of stimulation likely depends upon individual genetic factors.

CT scans are approved for clinical diagnostic imaging. Approval will be requested from the Research Ethics Board (REB) at Baycrest Health Sciences and from Health Canada to use CT scanning for the experimental treatment of AD. If this pilot study is successful, i.e., if improvement is observed in the participants, then a proposal will be prepared for more comprehensive clinical studies of this novel treatment.

Conditions

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Dementia Alzheimers

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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CT scan subjects

Three participants with severe Alzheimer's dementia will be studied

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

CT scan

Intervention Type RADIATION

Participants will receive the first LDIR treatment in one session on the same day, i.e., two CT scans of the brain that delivers a total X-ray dose (CTDIvol)10 of about 80 mGy. Participants will then be transported back to Baycrest Health Sciences. Participants will receive another LDIR treatment, i.e. a single CT scan of the brain (40 mGy), 2 weeks after the first session. They will receive a third LDIR treatment, i.e., a single CT scan of the brain (40 mGy), 2 weeks after the second session. Date, time and X-ray dose will be recorded for each participant and sent to their family physician for entry into in their health record.

Interventions

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CT scan

Participants will receive the first LDIR treatment in one session on the same day, i.e., two CT scans of the brain that delivers a total X-ray dose (CTDIvol)10 of about 80 mGy. Participants will then be transported back to Baycrest Health Sciences. Participants will receive another LDIR treatment, i.e. a single CT scan of the brain (40 mGy), 2 weeks after the first session. They will receive a third LDIR treatment, i.e., a single CT scan of the brain (40 mGy), 2 weeks after the second session. Date, time and X-ray dose will be recorded for each participant and sent to their family physician for entry into in their health record.

Intervention Type RADIATION

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Males or females with severe AD dementia (MMSE\<12) between the ages of 70 to 90 years.
2. Meet the criteria of AD (NIA-AA).
3. If on any of the following medications: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and/or memantine, participants must be on a stable dose for at least 60 days.
4. Clinically stable for at least 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Current or past history of malignancy.
2. Previous history of radiotherapy.
3. Neurological disorder other than AD.
4. Currently receiving other experimental treatments.
5. Clinical or imaging evidence of stroke (with more than 1-2 lacunar infarcts on CT scan or MRI).
6. Major depression, bipolar affective disorder or psychosis.
Minimum Eligible Age

70 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

90 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Baycrest

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Jerry M Cuttler

Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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Baycrest Health Sciences

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Countries

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Canada

References

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Ballard C, Gauthier S, Corbett A, Brayne C, Aarsland D, Jones E. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 2011 Mar 19;377(9770):1019-31. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61349-9. Epub 2011 Mar 1.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21371747 (View on PubMed)

Cuttler JM, Moore ER, Hosfeld VD, Nadolski DL. Treatment of Alzheimer Disease With CT Scans: A Case Report. Dose Response. 2016 Apr 1;14(2):1559325816640073. doi: 10.1177/1559325816640073. eCollection 2016 Apr-Jun.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27103883 (View on PubMed)

Cuttler JM, Moore ER, Hosfeld VD, Nadolski DL. Update on a Patient With Alzheimer Disease Treated With CT Scans. Dose Response. 2017 Feb 17;15(1):1559325817693167. doi: 10.1177/1559325817693167. eCollection 2017 Jan-Mar. No abstract available.

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Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12856953 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28441057 (View on PubMed)

Feinendegen LE, Pollycove M, Neumann RD. Low-dose cancer risk modeling must recognize up-regulation of protection. Dose Response. 2009 Dec 10;8(2):227-52. doi: 10.2203/dose-response.09-035.Feinendegen.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20585440 (View on PubMed)

Sies H. Hydrogen peroxide as a central redox signaling molecule in physiological oxidative stress: Oxidative eustress. Redox Biol. 2017 Apr;11:613-619. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.035. Epub 2017 Jan 5.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28110218 (View on PubMed)

Sies H, Feinendegen LE. Radiation Hormesis: The Link to Nanomolar Hydrogen Peroxide. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2017 Sep 20;27(9):596-598. doi: 10.1089/ars.2017.7233. Epub 2017 Aug 7.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28699353 (View on PubMed)

Feinendegen LE, Cuttler JM. Biological Effects From Low Doses and Dose Rates of Ionizing Radiation: Science in the Service of Protecting Humans, a Synopsis. Health Phys. 2018 Jun;114(6):623-626. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000000833.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29521814 (View on PubMed)

Manero RM, Casals-Coll M, Sanchez-Benavides G, Rodriguez-de los Reyes ON, Aguilar M, Badenes D, Molinuevo JL, Robles A, Barquero MS, Antunez C, Martinez-Parra C, Frank-Garcia A, Fernandez M, Blesa R, Pena-Casanova J; NEURONORMA Study Team. Diagnostic validity of the Alzheimer's disease functional assessment and change scale in mild cognitive impairment and mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2014;37(5-6):366-75. doi: 10.1159/000350800. Epub 2014 Feb 18.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24556708 (View on PubMed)

Panisset M, Roudier M, Saxton J, Boller F. Severe impairment battery. A neuropsychological test for severely demented patients. Arch Neurol. 1994 Jan;51(1):41-5. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1994.00540130067012.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 8274108 (View on PubMed)

Cohen-Mansfield J. Agitated behaviors in the elderly. II. Preliminary results in the cognitively deteriorated. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986 Oct;34(10):722-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1986.tb04303.x.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 3760436 (View on PubMed)

Jack CR Jr, Albert MS, Knopman DS, McKhann GM, Sperling RA, Carrillo MC, Thies B, Phelps CH. Introduction to the recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):257-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.004. Epub 2011 Apr 21.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21514247 (View on PubMed)

Sakamoto K. Radiobiological basis for cancer therapy by total or half-body irradiation. Nonlinearity Biol Toxicol Med. 2004 Oct;2(4):293-316. doi: 10.1080/15401420490900254.

Reference Type RESULT
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Pollycove M. Radiobiological basis of low-dose irradiation in prevention and therapy of cancer. Dose Response. 2006 Nov 27;5(1):26-38. doi: 10.2203/dose-response.06-112.Pollycove.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18648556 (View on PubMed)

Lemon JA, Phan N, Boreham DR. Single CT Scan Prolongs Survival by Extending Cancer Latency in Trp53 Heterozygous Mice. Radiat Res. 2017 Oct;188(4.2):505-511. doi: 10.1667/RR14576.1. Epub 2017 Jul 25.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28742468 (View on PubMed)

Lemon JA, Phan N, Boreham DR. Multiple CT Scans Extend Lifespan by Delaying Cancer Progression in Cancer-Prone Mice. Radiat Res. 2017 Oct;188(4.2):495-504. doi: 10.1667/RR14575.1. Epub 2017 Jul 25.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28741984 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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Baycrest REB # 18-02

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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