Massage Versus Cold Water Immersion for Fatigue-induced Biomechanical Alterations

NCT ID: NCT03578666

Last Updated: 2018-07-09

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 48 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2016-03-01
• Study Completion Date: 2016-07-01

Brief Summary

The optimization of recovery to alleviate the effects of fatigue in athletes can provide valuable performance advantage. However, despite the growing body of literature regarding effects of different interventions in fatigue, there is still lack of clarity regarding the efficacy of interventions on running economy and, particularly, fatigue-induced biomechanical alterations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of massage and cold water immersion for enhancing recovery and alleviating fatigue after an exhausting training session. We hypothesized that both massage and cold water immersion would enhance biomechanical parameters compared with a control condition and hence would improve subsequent running economy.

Detailed Description

In this randomized controlled all the subjects (n=48) will performed the same protocol. The protocol will begin with a exhausting training session (20-min warm-up consisted of 15-min of continuous self-paced running followed by 5-min of fast-finish progression runs increasing speeds (from approximately 60% to 80% of maximal heart rate, participant controlled), 10 x 500 m sprints at 90% of maximal heart rate with a 2-min rest period between bouts and a recovery phase consisting of 10-min of slow jogging). Twenty-four hours after this exhausting training, subjects will perform an incremental running test on a treadmill (Pre-intervention test) where subjects will start at 12 km/h for 6 min after which speed will be increased by 2 km/h every 6 min until a 16 km/h trial is completed. At the end of each stage, participants will rate their perceived exertion using the 10-point Modified Borg rating of perceived exertion scale (RPE scale). One hour after this test, in one protocol subjects will receive the massage intervention, (Massage group); other group will receive a cold water immersion intervention (Cold water immersion group); in the other group (Control group) participants will rest passively in a sitting position for 30-min period. To evaluate the relevance of the changes induced by the interventions (massage, cold water immersion, passive rest) subjects will repeat the treadmill test 48 hours after the first test (72 hours after the exhaustive training).

Conditions

Running; Fatigue

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: OTHER
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Massage Group

Recreational active runners recruited from local running clubs (n= 16) will receive 40 minutes of massage therapy.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Massage

Intervention Type: OTHER

The intervention will be applied to both legs to a constant distal to proximal stroking rhythm. Firstly, participants will be lying in a prone position for 22 min: 1 min on the sole of the foot, 1 min on the Achilles tendon, 1 min on the soleus muscle, 3 min on the triceps muscle, 4 min on the hamstring muscles, 30 s tapotement from the sole of the foot to the hamstrings and 30 s superficial effleurage from the sole of the foot to the hamstrings. Then they will assume a supine position for 18 min: 1 min on the sole of the foot, 3 min on the tibialis anterior and peroneus lateralis muscles and 4 min in the quadriceps, adductors and lata muscles, 30 s tapotement from the sole of the foot to the hamstrings and 30 s superficial effleurage from the sole of the foot to the hamstrings.

Cold water immersion group

Recreational active runners recruited from local running clubs(n= 16) will immerse for 10 minutes in a cold water bath

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Cold water immersion

Intervention Type: OTHER

The cold water immersion group immersed their lower limbs (ensuring that the iliac crests were fully immersed) in an ice bath filled with cooled water for 10 min. The water was maintained at a mean temperature of 10 degrees (±0.5°) by the addition of ice.

Control group

Recreational active runners recruited from local running clubs will rest passively in a sitting position for 30-min period

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Massage

The intervention will be applied to both legs to a constant distal to proximal stroking rhythm. Firstly, participants will be lying in a prone position for 22 min: 1 min on the sole of the foot, 1 min on the Achilles tendon, 1 min on the soleus muscle, 3 min on the triceps muscle, 4 min on the hamstring muscles, 30 s tapotement from the sole of the foot to the hamstrings and 30 s superficial effleurage from the sole of the foot to the hamstrings. Then they will assume a supine position for 18 min: 1 min on the sole of the foot, 3 min on the tibialis anterior and peroneus lateralis muscles and 4 min in the quadriceps, adductors and lata muscles, 30 s tapotement from the sole of the foot to the hamstrings and 30 s superficial effleurage from the sole of the foot to the hamstrings.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Cold water immersion

The cold water immersion group immersed their lower limbs (ensuring that the iliac crests were fully immersed) in an ice bath filled with cooled water for 10 min. The water was maintained at a mean temperature of 10 degrees (±0.5°) by the addition of ice.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Recreationally active (current participation in races and a 10-km race time<34.5-min)

Exclusion Criteria

• Suffered from any injury within the preceding 4 months.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 40 Years
• Eligible Sex: MALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona

PhD

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

References

Dunabeitia I, Arrieta H, Rodriguez-Larrad A, Gil J, Esain I, Gil SM, Irazusta J, Bidaurrazaga-Letona I. Effects of Massage and Cold Water Immersion After an Exhaustive Run on Running Economy and Biomechanics: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Jan 1;36(1):149-155. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003395.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 31800477 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

IT811-13

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id