Study Results
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View full resultsBasic Information
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COMPLETED
PHASE3
48 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2017-01-30
2019-02-14
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Potential subjects will be identified as they are scheduled to undergo ECV at the UNC Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Subjects will be enrolled in the study by one of the study investigators. Details of the study will be reviewed with potential subjects and those wishing to enroll in the study will be consented for the study by one of the study investigators. Once enrolled participants will be randomized to receive either a mixture of 50% nitrous oxide in 50% oxygen or 100% oxygen, both of which will be delivered via the Nitronox apparatus. Demographic variables will be recorded for each participant at the time they are enrolled in the study
The Nitronox apparatus will be set up to deliver either 50% nitrous oxide in 50% oxygen or 100% oxygen by an anesthesia provider covering labor and delivery who is not involved in the study. The Nitronox device will be covered to prevent participants, study investigators and obstetricians performing the procedure from knowing whether nitrous oxide is being delivered. Nitrous oxide is odorless and colorless, so in that way is indistinguishable from oxygen.
Participants will be prepared for ECV according to current protocols for ECV at UNC. IV access will be obtained and tocolytic agents will be given according to current practice and protocols. Monitoring of maternal and fetal vital signs will be done according to current protocols.
Immediately before an ECV attempt participants will breathe through the facemask of the Nitronox device for 30 seconds and will then be free to use the device ad lib during the ECV attempt. Immediately following each attempt, while fetal monitoring is occurring, the participants will be asked to rate their maximum pain score during the previous attempt. They will also be asked to rate their current level of anxiety. This process will be repeated for any further ECV attempts.
At conclusion of all ECV attempts, while fetal monitoring is occurring, the participants will be asked to rate their current level of pain, their satisfaction with the procedure and about any side effects they experienced (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, other). Participants will continue to be monitored on labor and delivery as current protocol dictates, typically 30 minutes of maternal and fetal monitoring if there are no complications and fetal status is reassuring.
Following the procedure, the obstetrician who performed the procedure will be asked to rate how difficult they felt it was to perform the procedure and to rate how much they felt the analgesic provided assisted in performing the procedure. They will also be asked to indicate whether they thought the patient was in the treatment or placebo arm of the study. This will be recorded to address the adequacy of blinding.
All study variables will be assessed and recorded by one of the study investigators to ensure consistency in data collection.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
QUADRUPLE
Study Groups
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Nitrous Oxide
Patients will receive nitrous oxide during the version procedure.
Nitrous Oxide
50% nitrous oxide/50% oxygen via Nitronox delivery device
Oxygen
Patients will receive placebo (100% oxygen) during the version procedure.
Placebo
100% oxygen via Nitronox delivery device
Interventions
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Nitrous Oxide
50% nitrous oxide/50% oxygen via Nitronox delivery device
Placebo
100% oxygen via Nitronox delivery device
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Scheduled to undergo external cephalic version due to singleton breech presentation
* Not scheduled to have spinal or epidural anesthesia during the version procedure
* American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Physical Status 1, 2 or 3.
* Able to provide informed consent and adhere to study protocol
Exclusion Criteria
* Significant medical conditions or laboratory results that, in the opinion of the Investigator, indicate an increased vulnerability to study drugs and procedures.
18 Years
FEMALE
Yes
Sponsors
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University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Kathleen A. Smith, MD, FASA
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Locations
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University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
Countries
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References
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Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hewson SA, Hodnett ED, Saigal S, Willan AR. Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial. Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2000 Oct 21;356(9239):1375-83. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02840-3.
ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 340. Mode of term singleton breech delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jul;108(1):235-7. doi: 10.1097/00006250-200607000-00058.
Fok WY, Chan LW, Leung TY, Lau TK. Maternal experience of pain during external cephalic version at term. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005 Aug;84(8):748-51. doi: 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00505.x.
Lavoie A, Guay J. Anesthetic dose neuraxial blockade increases the success rate of external fetal version: a meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth. 2010 May;57(5):408-14. doi: 10.1007/s12630-010-9278-4. Epub 2010 Feb 3.
Weiniger CF, Ginosar Y, Elchalal U, Sharon E, Nokrian M, Ezra Y. External cephalic version for breech presentation with or without spinal analgesia in nulliparous women at term: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Dec;110(6):1343-50. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000295605.38175.7b.
Likis FE, Andrews JC, Collins MR, Lewis RM, Seroogy JJ, Starr SA, Walden RR, McPheeters ML. Nitrous oxide for the management of labor pain: a systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2014 Jan;118(1):153-67. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182a7f73c.
Rosen MA. Nitrous oxide for relief of labor pain: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 May;186(5 Suppl Nature):S110-26. doi: 10.1067/mob.2002.121259.
Creeley CE, Olney JW. The young: neuroapoptosis induced by anesthetics and what to do about it. Anesth Analg. 2010 Feb 1;110(2):442-8. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c6b9ca. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Hartman RE, Izumi Y, Benshoff ND, Dikranian K, Zorumski CF, Olney JW, Wozniak DF. Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits. J Neurosci. 2003 Feb 1;23(3):876-82. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-03-00876.2003.
Schnabel A, Hahn N, Broscheit J, Muellenbach RM, Rieger L, Roewer N, Kranke P. Remifentanil for labour analgesia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2012 Apr;29(4):177-85. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32834fc260.
Munoz H, Guerra S, Perez-Vaquero P, Valero Martinez C, Aizpuru F, Lopez-Picado A. Remifentanil versus placebo for analgesia during external cephalic version: a randomised clinical trial. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2014 Feb;23(1):52-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2013.07.006. Epub 2014 Jan 3.
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
Related Links
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ACOG committee opinion 340
Neuraxial for version
Neuraxial for version
Nitrous for labor pain
nitrous for labor pain
Neuroapoptosis
anesthetic gases and apoptosis
Other Identifiers
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16-1569
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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