Personalizing Sleep Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in Community Dwelling Adults With Pre-Diabetes

NCT ID: NCT03398902

Last Updated: 2025-09-04

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

393 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-03-15

Study Completion Date

2023-09-18

Brief Summary

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This study will use continuous glucose monitoring and actigraphy to examine whether a personalized, daily sleep extension intervention improves glucose regulation for community dwelling, sleep-restricted adults with pre-diabetes. The randomized controlled trial will include 150 adults with pre-diabetes. Sleep extension and habitual sleep groups will complete daily sleep diaries and participate in a weekly 15-minute telephone call or videoconference meeting with a member of the study team (8 sessions total). Data collection will be at 2 time points: pre-randomization and post-intervention (completion of the 8-week intervention). Changes in the percent time glucose is ≥ 140mg/dL at baseline and post-intervention will be established and compared across the sleep extension and habitual sleep arms.

Detailed Description

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Diet and exercise interventions have made great strides in preventing and delaying type 2 diabetes (T2D) onset: benefits that surpass pharmacological interventions in some people. Disappointingly, only half the amount of weight loss and wide ranges in T2D risk reduction have been reported when translating these programs into community settings using less intense, more affordable interventions. Low program participation rates, underscored by reports that only 50% of Americans with prediabetes attempt lifestyle modifications, suggest that approaches focused on calorie restriction and physical activity are only effective for select, highly motivated individuals. Expanding success for heretofore resistant groups and optimizing long term maintenance requires novel approaches beyond diet and exercise. One novel approach is improving sleep.

Associations between sleep duration, sleep patterns, and glucose regulation in healthy adults suggest that interventions targeting these dimensions of sleep will improve glucose regulation. Improved insulin sensitivity has been reported in a small community based daily sleep extension study (N= 16), as well as in a 2-day lab based sleep extension study using a personalized "catch up" sleep intervention in healthy adults (N = 19,). Limited by small sample sizes, controlled lab conditions, and the exclusion of persons at greatest risk for T2D, the role of sleep in mitigating T2D risk remains uncertain. Moreover, sleep extension interventions have applied a generic approach to extending sleep despite variability in individual sleep need. The sleep extension intervention in this study will address how to extend sleep based on individual responses to the intervention.

This study will test the effects of a personalized daily sleep extension intervention versus habitual sleep patterns on the percentage of time glucose is 140 mg/dL in sleep restricted community-dwelling adults at high risk for T2D. Wearable sensor technologies (continuous glucose monitoring and accelerometry) will be used. This study will inform person-specific sleep interventions that improve glycemic responses, thus providing treatment for the pre-diabetic state.

Hypothesis: Personalized daily sleep extension will result in a lower % time glucose is ≥ 140 compared to habitual sleep after 8 weeks of treatment initiation.

Conditions

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PreDiabetes

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Sleep extension

Participants in the sleep extension group will keep daily sleep diaries. Sleep diaries will be reviewed with the participant and an instructor trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTI) on a weekly basis. These weekly sessions will take place by telephone or videoconferencing.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sleep extension

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Based on CBTI principles, the instructor will prescribe bed times and wake times each week to allow for gradual increases in sleep opportunity.

Habitual sleep

Participants in the habitual sleep group will be instructed to keep their habitual bedtimes and wake times. Participants will keep daily sleep diaries that will we reviewed by a study team member each week. These weekly sessions will take place by telephone or videoconferencing.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Habitual sleep

Intervention Type OTHER

The study team member will monitor and encourage participants to keep bedtimes and wake times that matched their baseline bedtimes and wake times.

Interventions

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Sleep extension

Based on CBTI principles, the instructor will prescribe bed times and wake times each week to allow for gradual increases in sleep opportunity.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Habitual sleep

The study team member will monitor and encourage participants to keep bedtimes and wake times that matched their baseline bedtimes and wake times.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Glycated hemoglobin (Hemoglobin A1C) greater than or equal to 5.7% and less than 6.5%.
* Restricted sleep defined as less than 6.5 hours average work day sleep (actigraphy confirmed).

Exclusion Criteria

* type 2 diabetes (Hemoglobin A1C greater than or equal to 6.5%)
* pregnancy or lactation (self-report)
* hemophilia (self-report)
* moderate/severe or severe depression (PHRQ greater than or equal to 15))
* alcohol abuse/dependence (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test greater than or equal to 10).
* sleep promoting medications (self-report)
* hypoglycemic agents (except metformin) (self-report)

--current chemotherapy treatments (self-report)
* Shift work during the past 2 months or planned during intervention period (self-report).
* Trans-meridian travel in the past 4 weeks or planned during intervention period (self-report).
Minimum Eligible Age

21 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

64 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

New York University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Susan K Malone, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

New York University

Locations

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NYU Langone

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Cappuccio FP, D'Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2010 Feb;33(2):414-20. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1124. Epub 2009 Nov 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19910503 (View on PubMed)

Holliday EG, Magee CA, Kritharides L, Banks E, Attia J. Short sleep duration is associated with risk of future diabetes but not cardiovascular disease: a prospective study and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013 Nov 25;8(11):e82305. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082305. eCollection 2013.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24282622 (View on PubMed)

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group; Knowler WC, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Christophi CA, Hoffman HJ, Brenneman AT, Brown-Friday JO, Goldberg R, Venditti E, Nathan DM. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet. 2009 Nov 14;374(9702):1677-86. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61457-4. Epub 2009 Oct 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19878986 (View on PubMed)

Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, Nathan DM; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 7;346(6):393-403. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa012512.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11832527 (View on PubMed)

Perreault L, Temprosa M, Mather KJ, Horton E, Kitabchi A, Larkin M, Montez MG, Thayer D, Orchard TJ, Hamman RF, Goldberg RB; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Regression from prediabetes to normal glucose regulation is associated with reduction in cardiovascular risk: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study. Diabetes Care. 2014 Sep;37(9):2622-31. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0656. Epub 2014 Jun 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24969574 (View on PubMed)

Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hamalainen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, Laakso M, Louheranta A, Rastas M, Salminen V, Uusitupa M; Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001 May 3;344(18):1343-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200105033441801.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11333990 (View on PubMed)

Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX, Hu ZX, Lin J, Xiao JZ, Cao HB, Liu PA, Jiang XG, Jiang YY, Wang JP, Zheng H, Zhang H, Bennett PH, Howard BV. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 1997 Apr;20(4):537-44. doi: 10.2337/diacare.20.4.537.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9096977 (View on PubMed)

Schellenberg ES, Dryden DM, Vandermeer B, Ha C, Korownyk C. Lifestyle interventions for patients with and at risk for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Oct 15;159(8):543-51. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-00007.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24126648 (View on PubMed)

Yoon U, Kwok LL, Magkidis A. Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in reducing diabetes incidence in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism. 2013 Feb;62(2):303-14. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.07.009. Epub 2012 Sep 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22959500 (View on PubMed)

Linmans JJ, Spigt MG, Deneer L, Lucas AE, de Bakker M, Gidding LG, Linssen R, Knottnerus JA. Effect of lifestyle intervention for people with diabetes or prediabetes in real-world primary care: propensity score analysis. BMC Fam Pract. 2011 Sep 13;12:95. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-12-95.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21914190 (View on PubMed)

Aziz Z, Absetz P, Oldroyd J, Pronk NP, Oldenburg B. A systematic review of real-world diabetes prevention programs: learnings from the last 15 years. Implement Sci. 2015 Dec 15;10:172. doi: 10.1186/s13012-015-0354-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26670418 (View on PubMed)

Leproult R, Deliens G, Gilson M, Peigneux P. Beneficial impact of sleep extension on fasting insulin sensitivity in adults with habitual sleep restriction. Sleep. 2015 May 1;38(5):707-15. doi: 10.5665/sleep.4660.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25348128 (View on PubMed)

Geiss LS, James C, Gregg EW, Albright A, Williamson DF, Cowie CC. Diabetes risk reduction behaviors among U.S. adults with prediabetes. Am J Prev Med. 2010 Apr;38(4):403-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.029.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20307809 (View on PubMed)

Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Mary S, Mukesh B, Bhaskar AD, Vijay V; Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP). The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1). Diabetologia. 2006 Feb;49(2):289-97. doi: 10.1007/s00125-005-0097-z. Epub 2006 Jan 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16391903 (View on PubMed)

Dunkley AJ, Bodicoat DH, Greaves CJ, Russell C, Yates T, Davies MJ, Khunti K. Diabetes prevention in the real world: effectiveness of pragmatic lifestyle interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and of the impact of adherence to guideline recommendations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2014 Apr;37(4):922-33. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2195.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24652723 (View on PubMed)

Cardona-Morrell M, Rychetnik L, Morrell SL, Espinel PT, Bauman A. Reduction of diabetes risk in routine clinical practice: are physical activity and nutrition interventions feasible and are the outcomes from reference trials replicable? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2010 Oct 29;10:653. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-653.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21029469 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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R00NR017416

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

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R00NR017416

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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