Randomized Controlled Trial of Pyridoxine for Tardive Dyskinesia

NCT ID: NCT03287778

Last Updated: 2023-03-14

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 17 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2017-12-01
• Study Completion Date: 2022-12-30

Brief Summary

Purpose: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a involuntary movement disorder that can occur following long term treatment with antipsychotic medications and for which few treatment options exist. This study will test the efficacy of pyridoxine (also known as vitamin B6) for TD. This will be an 8 week double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial measuring the effect of pyridoxine 400 mg/day on the severity of involuntary muscle movements in people who meet Schooler-Kane criteria for TD.

Participants: Approximately 50 subjects will be recruited from the UNC Schizophrenia Treatment and Evaluation Program (STEP) and other local psychiatric clinics.

Procedures (methods): Symptoms of TD will be assessed using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Pharmacological Intervention: All participants who meet entry criteria will be randomized to one of two treatment groups: pyridoxine or placebo.

Detailed Description

Overview of Procedures: All procedures will be conducted at either the University of North Carolina Hospitals in Chapel Hill, or at the North Carolina Psychiatric Research Center (NCPRC), a specialized program of the University of North Carolina Center for Excellence in Community Mental Health, in Raleigh.

Screening: During the initial clinic visit and after providing written informed consent, prospective subjects' psychiatric and medical histories will be reviewed, physical exams conducted, demographics and vital signs obtained, and blood and urine collected. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V, the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), and the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) will be used to evaluate psychopathology. Involuntary muscle movements will be assessed using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). The AIMS exam will be video recorded. Other neurological side effects of antipsychotic medications will be assessed using the Barnes Akathisia Scale (BARS) and Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS).

The baseline visit will be scheduled within 28 days of the screening visit. Vital signs and weight will be measured. A blood test to measure baseline pyridoxine level will be collected. A battery of assessments will be administered including the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S), the Alcohol Use Scale, Substance Use Scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), AIMS (video recorded), BARS, and SAS.

At the completion of the baseline visit, subjects who continue to meet study inclusion criteria will be randomized to one of two treatment groups (pyridoxine or placebo). Subjects assigned to the pyridoxine group will receive 200 mg per day for one week and then 400 mg per day, as tolerated, for the remainder of the study. Subjects assigned to the placebo group will receive matching placebo capsules.

After study enrollment, subjects will be scheduled for Week 1 and Week 2 study visits. The purpose of these visits will be to assess medication management (i.e., adverse events/side effects, adherence), collect vital signs, assess current psychiatric status, and assess neurological symptoms using the AIMS (video recorded), BARS, and SAS. The CGI-S will be performed at both Week 1 and Week 2, however, the C-SSRS will be completed at Week 2 only.

Study visit at Week 4 and end-of-study visit at Week 8 will be similar to Week 2, with the addition of the BPRS, Substance Use Scale and Alcohol Use Questionnaire. A blood test to measure pyridoxine levels will also be collected during these visits. Study drug is discontinued at the Week 8 visit.

A follow-up visit at Week 10, two weeks after stopping the treatment, will consist of assessing for adverse events/side effects, collecting vital signs, administrating the CGI-S and C-SSRS, and performing the AIMS (video recorded), BARS, and SAS. The follow-up visit will help determine whether the potential benefits of pyridoxine for TD may continue after treatment is discontinued.

Vital signs, adverse events, and side effects will be obtained at all in-person study visits. Blood collection and laboratory testing will be done at Screening, Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8 .

Conditions

Tardive Dyskinesia; Antipsychotic Agents

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: QUADRUPLE

Study Groups

Pyridoxine

Pyridoxine will be administered in dosages of 200 mg with a maximum dose of 400 mg.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Pyridoxine

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Max dose of 400 mg QD PO

Placebo

Matching placebos will be administered for each active drug.

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Matching placebos will be administered.

Interventions

Pyridoxine

Max dose of 400 mg QD PO

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Placebo

Matching placebos will be administered.

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Other Intervention Names

Vitamin B6; Sugar pill

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Meet Schooler - Kane criteria for TD (at least one muscle group is rated at "moderate" severity or at least two muscle groups are rated at "mild" severity).
• Subjects must have > or equal to 3 months of antipsychotic exposure.
• Other causes of involuntary movements have been ruled out.
• Psychiatrically stable as defined by outpatient status for > or equal to 2 months.
• No change in dopamine antagonist agent or dose for > or equal to 2 months or change in other prescribed medications for > or equal to 1 month prior to enrollment
• Patients must be 18-80 years of age.
• Patients must demonstrate adequate decisional capacity to make a choice about participating in this research study and must provide written informed consent to participate.
• Women who can become pregnant must be using an adequate method of contraception to avoid pregnancy throughout the study. Acceptable methods include oral, injectable or implanted contraceptives, intrauterine devices or barrier methods such as condoms, diaphragm and spermicides. Women who can become pregnant must have a negative serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) pregnancy test at the Screening Visit.

Exclusion Criteria

• Inpatient status
• Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) score > or equal to 6.
• Evidence of any medical condition(s) that could confound the presence of TD.
• Currently taking more than 2 antipsychotic medications.
• Currently taking levodopa.
• Current or prior treatment with valbenazine or deutetrabenazine within the past 3 months.
• Current or prior treatment with pyridoxine within the past 3 months.
• Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Alcohol use disorder as determined by the SCID within the past month.
• Substance use disorder (except caffeine and nicotine) as determined by the SCID within the past month.
• No serious and unstable medical condition(s) in the judgment of the investigator.
• DSM-V diagnosis of intellectual disability, moderate or greater severity; or diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorder.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 80 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Foundation of Hope, North Carolina

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Lars F Jarskog, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Locations

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Countries

United States

References

Lerner V, Miodownik C, Kaptsan A, Cohen H, Matar M, Loewenthal U, Kotler M. Vitamin B(6) in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;158(9):1511-4. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.9.1511.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 11532741 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

17-1500

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id