Trial Outcomes & Findings for The Effect of AposTherapy on Knee Pain (NCT NCT03171168)

NCT ID: NCT03171168

Last Updated: 2022-12-14

Results Overview

Improvement in Pain and Function as assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scale. The WOMAC, a self-administered instrument, is 1 of 3 subscales comprising the WOMAC Index. As a standalone measure, the WOMAC pain scale contains 5 items that address the following person-level activities: walking, using stairs, in bed, sitting or lying down, and standing upright. The stem of the scale asks the patient to focus on the extent of pain experienced in the involved knee during each of these activities which are reported on a 0-4 Likert scale: None (0), Mild (1), Moderate (2), Severe (3), and Extreme (4), with a possible score range of 0-20 for Pain. Higher scores on the WOMAC are associated with worse knee pain.

Recruitment status

TERMINATED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

54 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

24 weeks

Results posted on

2022-12-14

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Traditional Physical Therapy
Participants will have traditional physical therapy up to 20 sessions, up to two sessions per week. This will involve exercise and modalities as decided by the therapists and medical providers. Participants will have a home exercise program for the remainder of the year. Traditional Physical Therapy: Up to 20 sessions of traditional physical therapy
AposTherapy
Participants will have AposTherapy instead of traditional physical therapy over the course of one year. This will include 7 sessions of gait assessment and re-calibration with daily at home exercise with the device over the year. AposTherapy: AposTherapy is a home-based exercise program utilizing footwear that causes exercise with normal daily activity that may significantly improve function in patients with knee pain in general, and specifically knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Overall Study
STARTED
17
37
Overall Study
COMPLETED
10
19
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
7
18

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

The Effect of AposTherapy on Knee Pain

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Traditional Physical Therapy
n=17 Participants
Participants will have traditional physical therapy up to 20 sessions, up to two sessions per week. This will involve exercise and modalities as decided by the therapists and medical providers. Participants will have a home exercise program for the remainder of the year. Traditional Physical Therapy: Up to 20 sessions of traditional physical therapy
AposTherapy
n=37 Participants
Participants will have AposTherapy instead of traditional physical therapy over the course of one year. This will include 7 sessions of gait assessment and re-calibration with daily at home exercise with the device over the year. AposTherapy: AposTherapy is a home-based exercise program utilizing footwear that causes exercise with normal daily activity that may significantly improve function in patients with knee pain in general, and specifically knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Total
n=54 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
23 Participants
n=7 Participants
36 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
14 Participants
n=7 Participants
18 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Continuous
59.24 years
n=5 Participants
61.83 years
n=7 Participants
61.01 years
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
30 Participants
n=7 Participants
45 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
7 Participants
n=7 Participants
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
16 Participants
n=7 Participants
25 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
15 Participants
n=7 Participants
22 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
17 participants
n=5 Participants
37 participants
n=7 Participants
54 participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 24 weeks

Population: STUDY DISCONTINUED, statistical analysis was not performed due to study closure, not enough participants to conduct meaningful statistical analyses. The framework initially placed in the Statistical Analysis section has been removed. Analysis of individuals complete at 24 weeks. Only subjects with 24 week data were analyzed.

Improvement in Pain and Function as assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scale. The WOMAC, a self-administered instrument, is 1 of 3 subscales comprising the WOMAC Index. As a standalone measure, the WOMAC pain scale contains 5 items that address the following person-level activities: walking, using stairs, in bed, sitting or lying down, and standing upright. The stem of the scale asks the patient to focus on the extent of pain experienced in the involved knee during each of these activities which are reported on a 0-4 Likert scale: None (0), Mild (1), Moderate (2), Severe (3), and Extreme (4), with a possible score range of 0-20 for Pain. Higher scores on the WOMAC are associated with worse knee pain.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Traditional Physical Therapy
n=8 Participants
Participants will have traditional physical therapy up to 20 sessions, up to two sessions per week. This will involve exercise and modalities as decided by the therapists and medical providers. Participants will have a home exercise program for the remainder of the year. Traditional Physical Therapy: Up to 20 sessions of traditional physical therapy
AposTherapy
n=30 Participants
Participants will have AposTherapy instead of traditional physical therapy over the course of one year. This will include 7 sessions of gait assessment and re-calibration with daily at home exercise with the device over the year. AposTherapy: AposTherapy is a home-based exercise program utilizing footwear that causes exercise with normal daily activity that may significantly improve function in patients with knee pain in general, and specifically knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Knee Pain and Function
5.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.8
3.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 24 weeks

Population: STUDY DISCONTINUED, statistical analysis was not performed due to study closure, not enough participants to conduct meaningful statistical analyses. The framework initially placed in the Statistical Analysis section has been removed. Analysis of individuals complete at 24 weeks. Only subjects with 24 week data were analyzed

Health-related Quality of Life (QoL) as assessed using the RAND SF-36 (Short Form Health Survey). The RAND SF-36 is a 36-item patient-reported questionnaire that covers eight health domains: physical functioning (10 items), bodily pain (2 items), role limitations due to physical health problems (4 items), role limitations due to personal or emotional problems (4 items), emotional well-being (5 items), social functioning (2 items), energy/fatigue (4 items), and general health perceptions (5 items). Composite scoring range is 0 to 100 across the 8 domains identified with a higher overall score defining a more favorable health state.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Traditional Physical Therapy
n=9 Participants
Participants will have traditional physical therapy up to 20 sessions, up to two sessions per week. This will involve exercise and modalities as decided by the therapists and medical providers. Participants will have a home exercise program for the remainder of the year. Traditional Physical Therapy: Up to 20 sessions of traditional physical therapy
AposTherapy
n=30 Participants
Participants will have AposTherapy instead of traditional physical therapy over the course of one year. This will include 7 sessions of gait assessment and re-calibration with daily at home exercise with the device over the year. AposTherapy: AposTherapy is a home-based exercise program utilizing footwear that causes exercise with normal daily activity that may significantly improve function in patients with knee pain in general, and specifically knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Quality of Life by RAND SF-36 (RAND Corporation Short Form 36)
48.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.06
64.34 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 24 weeks

Population: STUDY DISCONTINUED, statistical analysis was not performed due to study closure, not enough participants to conduct meaningful statistical analyses. The framework initially placed in the Statistical Analysis section has been removed. Analysis of individuals complete at 24 weeks. Only subjects with 24 week data were analyzed.

Pain and Function measured through PROMIS short forms. PROMIS measures specific domains of Physical Health (e.g., physical function, pain intensity, pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance); Mental Health (depressive symptoms, anxiety, anger); and Social Health (ability to participate in social roles and activities). PROMIS measures are scored on the T-score metric in which 50 is the mean of a relevant reference population and 10 is the standard deviation (SD) of that population. PROMIS domains use different terms to describe score ranges. For example, some domains use mild/moderate/severe whereas others use very high to very low. Cut points for assessment can also vary. For PROMIS measures, higher scores equals more of the concept being measured (e.g., more Fatigue, more Physical Function). Thus a score of 60 is one SD above the average referenced population. This could be a desirable or undesirable outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Traditional Physical Therapy
n=8 Participants
Participants will have traditional physical therapy up to 20 sessions, up to two sessions per week. This will involve exercise and modalities as decided by the therapists and medical providers. Participants will have a home exercise program for the remainder of the year. Traditional Physical Therapy: Up to 20 sessions of traditional physical therapy
AposTherapy
n=28 Participants
Participants will have AposTherapy instead of traditional physical therapy over the course of one year. This will include 7 sessions of gait assessment and re-calibration with daily at home exercise with the device over the year. AposTherapy: AposTherapy is a home-based exercise program utilizing footwear that causes exercise with normal daily activity that may significantly improve function in patients with knee pain in general, and specifically knee osteoarthritis (OA).
PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) Pain Interference and Physical Function
20.7 T-score
Standard Deviation 33.9
19.1 T-score
Standard Deviation 41.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 24 weeks

Population: STUDY DISCONTINUED, statistical analysis was not performed due to study closure, not enough participants to conduct meaningful statistical analyses. Data presented is for patients who completed 24 weeks of the study. Data reported is only on those who entered the study and not outcomes data. Cadence is in steps per minute as entered below. As an example, typical marching is at 120 steps per minute.

Objective assessment of the patients' gait assessed with gait analysis equipment. Equipment was used to measure the patients' cadence, or walking rate, in number of steps per minute (steps/min).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Traditional Physical Therapy
n=12 Participants
Participants will have traditional physical therapy up to 20 sessions, up to two sessions per week. This will involve exercise and modalities as decided by the therapists and medical providers. Participants will have a home exercise program for the remainder of the year. Traditional Physical Therapy: Up to 20 sessions of traditional physical therapy
AposTherapy
n=27 Participants
Participants will have AposTherapy instead of traditional physical therapy over the course of one year. This will include 7 sessions of gait assessment and re-calibration with daily at home exercise with the device over the year. AposTherapy: AposTherapy is a home-based exercise program utilizing footwear that causes exercise with normal daily activity that may significantly improve function in patients with knee pain in general, and specifically knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Gait Assessment
93.7 Cadence (steps/minute)
Standard Deviation 20.1
109.7 Cadence (steps/minute)
Standard Deviation 18.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 24 weeks

Population: STUDY DISCONTINUED, statistical analysis was not performed due to study closure, not enough participants to conduct meaningful statistical analyses.

objective assessment using maximum distance comfortably walked in 6 minutes on a 100 foot closed course

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Traditional Physical Therapy
n=12 Participants
Participants will have traditional physical therapy up to 20 sessions, up to two sessions per week. This will involve exercise and modalities as decided by the therapists and medical providers. Participants will have a home exercise program for the remainder of the year. Traditional Physical Therapy: Up to 20 sessions of traditional physical therapy
AposTherapy
n=27 Participants
Participants will have AposTherapy instead of traditional physical therapy over the course of one year. This will include 7 sessions of gait assessment and re-calibration with daily at home exercise with the device over the year. AposTherapy: AposTherapy is a home-based exercise program utilizing footwear that causes exercise with normal daily activity that may significantly improve function in patients with knee pain in general, and specifically knee osteoarthritis (OA).
6-min Walk Test
1292 Feet
Standard Deviation 229
1453 Feet
Standard Deviation 228

Adverse Events

Traditional Physical Therapy

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 5 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

AposTherapy

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 10 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Traditional Physical Therapy
n=17 participants at risk
Participants will have traditional physical therapy up to 20 sessions, up to two sessions per week. This will involve exercise and modalities as decided by the therapists and medical providers. Participants will have a home exercise program for the remainder of the year. Traditional Physical Therapy: Up to 20 sessions of traditional physical therapy
AposTherapy
n=37 participants at risk
Participants will have AposTherapy instead of traditional physical therapy over the course of one year. This will include 7 sessions of gait assessment and re-calibration with daily at home exercise with the device over the year. AposTherapy: AposTherapy is a home-based exercise program utilizing footwear that causes exercise with normal daily activity that may significantly improve function in patients with knee pain in general, and specifically knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Rash
5.9%
1/17 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
0.00%
0/37 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Leg Pain
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
2.7%
1/37 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Nervous system disorders
Headache
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
2.7%
1/37 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Nervous system disorders
Back Pain
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
2.7%
1/37 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Inguinal hernia
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
2.7%
1/37 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Ear and labyrinth disorders
Earache
5.9%
1/17 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
0.00%
0/37 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Hyperkalemia
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
2.7%
1/37 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Gastrointestinal disorders
Small Bowel Obstruction
5.9%
1/17 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
0.00%
0/37 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Umbilical hernia
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
2.7%
1/37 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Cervical spondylosis
5.9%
1/17 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
0.00%
0/37 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cough
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
2.7%
1/37 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Trigger finger
5.9%
1/17 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
0.00%
0/37 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Shortness of Breath
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
2.7%
1/37 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Lower Extemity Weakness
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
2.7%
1/37 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
Cardiac disorders
Hypertension
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up
2.7%
1/37 • Number of events 1 • 1 year
No active intervention, only follow-up

Additional Information

Matthew Bartels

Montefiore Medical Center

Phone: (914) 597-2332

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place