Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
NA
Total Enrollment
21 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2017-05-20
Study Completion Date
2017-12-20
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
A study will be conducted to assess if adults and older adults with arthritis who ride horses are able to move better, have less pain, enjoy nature more and have a better quality of life then people who go to class to learn about exercise. This is needed because adults with arthritis experience joint pain, stiffness, damage to their cartilage, and decreased range of motion in their hips, knees, shoulders, and back. This study will measure effects on patient's joints, pain, quality of life, muscle and cartilage before and after either arthritis exercise education or horse riding. Horses have unique movements that target joints without weight bearing and possibly show improvements without joint damage.
Twenty two subjects will be assigned to either the equine-assisted therapy (EAT) group or a group receiving exercise education for 1 hour each week for 6 weeks. Outcomes of pain, joint mobility and quality of life are measured at 0, 3 and 6 weeks. Enjoyment will be determined by a survey. Safety procedures include helmets, side walking attendants for balance, and controlled by a certified riding instructor at a certified riding center. Data will be gathered and reviewed, to assess the effects of EAT on arthritis.
Twenty two subjects will be assigned to either the equine-assisted therapy (EAT) group or a group receiving exercise education for 1 hour each week for 6 weeks. Outcomes of pain, joint mobility and quality of life are measured at 0, 3 and 6 weeks. Enjoyment will be determined by a survey. Safety procedures include helmets, side walking attendants for balance, and controlled by a certified riding instructor at a certified riding center. Data will be gathered and reviewed, to assess the effects of EAT on arthritis.
Related Clinical Trials
Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.
Multicenter, Randomized Trial to Determine the Effect of Therapeutic Riding, on a Group of People With Arthritis
NCT05068050
Arthritis
COMPLETED
NA
Improving Motivation for Physical Activity in Arthritis Clinical Trial
NCT00248105
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Rheumatoid Arthritis
COMPLETED
NA
Health Benefits of an Exercise Program for Adults With Arthritis
NCT00146393
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
COMPLETED
PHASE2/PHASE3
Program Evaluation of People With Arthritis Can Exercise
NCT00153309
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
COMPLETED
PHASE2/PHASE3
Work Interventions to Improve Employment Outcomes for Persons With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
NCT00485914
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
COMPLETED
NA
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
The purpose of the proposed research is to assess the feasibility, acceptability and effects of equine-assisted therapy on adults and older adults with arthritis. Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) is defined as any intervention using the unique qualities of horses to improve social, gross motor, and self-help skills.(Ratliffe \& Sanekane, 2009) Although equine therapy has been used as a medical intervention since the second century (Ratliffe \& Sanekane, 2009), no research has been conducted using equine-assisted therapy to improve arthritis.
In the United States arthritis accounts for $128 billion in lost income and medical costs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013) Incidence of arthritis is increasing due to obesity and an aging population.(Bijlsma, Berenbaum, \& Lafeber, 2011) Adults aged 40 to 65 and older than 65 with arthritis experience joint pain, stiffness, damage to cartilage, and decreased range of motion particularly in hips, knees, shoulders, and back (Barten et al., 2015; George et al., 2015; Karjalainen et al., 2001). Practice recommendations of non-pharmacological management of arthritis include using a biopsychosocial approach, an individualized exercise regime, strengthening leg and hip muscles, and improving the range of motion for muscle and joint health (Fernandes et al., 2013). Healthy People 2020 reports that arthritis has a major effect on a person's quality of life, ability to work and activities of daily life with the objectives of decreasing joint pain, decrease limitations, and decreasing psychological stress. Improving arthritis includes decreasing pain and improving the arthritic impact on the individual's quality of life.(Buchbinder, Bombardier, Yeung, \& Tugwell, 1995) To improve musculoskeletal and functional health, the (World Health Organization, 2010) recommends physical activity including aerobic physical activity, strength, flexibility and balance. Current treatments include the use of physical conditioning (Schaafsma et al., 2013), opioids (Chaparro et al., 2013), and injections of anti-inflammatory medications, morphine, anesthetics or steroids(Staal, de Bie, De Vet, Hildebrandt, \& Nelemans, 2008). The side effects from these medications can be bothersome, thus non-pharmacologic interventions must be further explored to improve adults and older adults with arthritis. Equine assisted therapy is a promising option since unique movements of the horse translate tri-rotational movements from the horse to the human (Selby \& Smith-Osborne, 2013). This targets the spine and hip joints by non-weight bearing movement and has the potential to improve outcomes without joint damage.
There are both physical and psychosocial medical uses for equine assisted therapy. Previous meta-analyses of horses used to improve cerebral palsy in children, provide evidence to support the physical-neuromuscular connection and improvements in outcomes (Nimer \& Lundahl, 2007; Pretty et al., 2007; Tseng, Chen, \& Tam, 2013) reported significant improvement in total mood when riding horses. Anticipated implications for this research include improved range of motion, decreased pain, improved quality of life and enjoyment of nature. The bio-markers will assess the implications on cartilage and muscle to monitor improvement, destruction, or maintenance of both during equine-assisted therapy. If quality of life, enjoyment of nature and range of motion increase without muscle or cartilage destruction, then this would present evidence that EAT is a viable and desirable intervention and this will lead to further research for arthritis interventions including equines.
In the United States arthritis accounts for $128 billion in lost income and medical costs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013) Incidence of arthritis is increasing due to obesity and an aging population.(Bijlsma, Berenbaum, \& Lafeber, 2011) Adults aged 40 to 65 and older than 65 with arthritis experience joint pain, stiffness, damage to cartilage, and decreased range of motion particularly in hips, knees, shoulders, and back (Barten et al., 2015; George et al., 2015; Karjalainen et al., 2001). Practice recommendations of non-pharmacological management of arthritis include using a biopsychosocial approach, an individualized exercise regime, strengthening leg and hip muscles, and improving the range of motion for muscle and joint health (Fernandes et al., 2013). Healthy People 2020 reports that arthritis has a major effect on a person's quality of life, ability to work and activities of daily life with the objectives of decreasing joint pain, decrease limitations, and decreasing psychological stress. Improving arthritis includes decreasing pain and improving the arthritic impact on the individual's quality of life.(Buchbinder, Bombardier, Yeung, \& Tugwell, 1995) To improve musculoskeletal and functional health, the (World Health Organization, 2010) recommends physical activity including aerobic physical activity, strength, flexibility and balance. Current treatments include the use of physical conditioning (Schaafsma et al., 2013), opioids (Chaparro et al., 2013), and injections of anti-inflammatory medications, morphine, anesthetics or steroids(Staal, de Bie, De Vet, Hildebrandt, \& Nelemans, 2008). The side effects from these medications can be bothersome, thus non-pharmacologic interventions must be further explored to improve adults and older adults with arthritis. Equine assisted therapy is a promising option since unique movements of the horse translate tri-rotational movements from the horse to the human (Selby \& Smith-Osborne, 2013). This targets the spine and hip joints by non-weight bearing movement and has the potential to improve outcomes without joint damage.
There are both physical and psychosocial medical uses for equine assisted therapy. Previous meta-analyses of horses used to improve cerebral palsy in children, provide evidence to support the physical-neuromuscular connection and improvements in outcomes (Nimer \& Lundahl, 2007; Pretty et al., 2007; Tseng, Chen, \& Tam, 2013) reported significant improvement in total mood when riding horses. Anticipated implications for this research include improved range of motion, decreased pain, improved quality of life and enjoyment of nature. The bio-markers will assess the implications on cartilage and muscle to monitor improvement, destruction, or maintenance of both during equine-assisted therapy. If quality of life, enjoyment of nature and range of motion increase without muscle or cartilage destruction, then this would present evidence that EAT is a viable and desirable intervention and this will lead to further research for arthritis interventions including equines.
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
Arthritis
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Randomized Controlled Trial. One group will receive equine-assisted therapy and the second group will receive arthritis exercise education
Primary Study Purpose
TREATMENT
Blinding Strategy
TRIPLE
Participants
Caregivers
Outcome Assessors
Participants, care provider, and outcomes assessor will be masked as to which is the intervention and which is the control
Study Groups
Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.
Equine-assisted Therapy Group
This group will interact and ride horses for 1 hour each week for 6 weeks. Horses will remain at a walk and an standard Therapeutic Riding curriculum will be used including safety, mounting, riding, tasks while riding, dismount, bonding with the horse.
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
Equine-assisted Therapy
Intervention Type
OTHER
Participants will groom and ride horses. Horses will be kept at a walk with tasks such as serpentine, circles, and zig zags to complete. Stretching, and tasks like throwing a ball into a net from horseback will be completed
Arthritis Exercise Education Group
This group will receive exercise education that targets arthritis symptoms for 1 hour each week for 6 weeks. This will be based on the exercise education from the Arthritis foundation How-to Exercise With Arthritis. (n.d.).
Group Type
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Arthritis Exercise Education
Intervention Type
OTHER
Standard of Care from the Arthritis Foundation - How-to Exercise With Arthritis. (n.d.). Retrieved April 18, 2016, from http://www.arthritis.org/living-with-arthritis/exercise/how-to). This intervention will consist of 6 -1 hour education sessions once a week on exercise to improve symptoms of arthritis
Interventions
Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.
Equine-assisted Therapy
Participants will groom and ride horses. Horses will be kept at a walk with tasks such as serpentine, circles, and zig zags to complete. Stretching, and tasks like throwing a ball into a net from horseback will be completed
Intervention Type
OTHER
Arthritis Exercise Education
Standard of Care from the Arthritis Foundation - How-to Exercise With Arthritis. (n.d.). Retrieved April 18, 2016, from http://www.arthritis.org/living-with-arthritis/exercise/how-to). This intervention will consist of 6 -1 hour education sessions once a week on exercise to improve symptoms of arthritis
Intervention Type
OTHER
Other Intervention Names
Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.
Hippotherapy
Therapeutic Horseback Riding
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
\- Ages 45 and older
Joint pain inclusion will be considered with a mild \[Mild pain (0-44)\] to moderate pain level \[Moderate pain (45-74 mm)\] (Hawker, Mian, Kendzerska, \& French, 2011) not completely relieved by medications.
Measured decreased range of motion by 20% (back, shoulder, knee and hip) and hip abduction wide enough to straddle a horse without discomfort.
Written physician's or advanced practice registered nurse's (APRN) clearance to ride a horse.
Ability to read and understand English as evidenced by the capacity to follow verbal and written directions at the screening interview.
Joint pain inclusion will be considered with a mild \[Mild pain (0-44)\] to moderate pain level \[Moderate pain (45-74 mm)\] (Hawker, Mian, Kendzerska, \& French, 2011) not completely relieved by medications.
Measured decreased range of motion by 20% (back, shoulder, knee and hip) and hip abduction wide enough to straddle a horse without discomfort.
Written physician's or advanced practice registered nurse's (APRN) clearance to ride a horse.
Ability to read and understand English as evidenced by the capacity to follow verbal and written directions at the screening interview.
Exclusion Criteria
Self-reported: fear of horses.
Self reported allergies to horses.
Self reported osteoporosis.
Inability to abduct hips wide enough to straddle a horse comfortably.
Lack of transportation to the Therapeutic Riding Center.
Horse riding for the previous six months.
Self reported allergies to horses.
Self reported osteoporosis.
Inability to abduct hips wide enough to straddle a horse comfortably.
Lack of transportation to the Therapeutic Riding Center.
Horse riding for the previous six months.
Minimum Eligible Age
45 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
University of Missouri, Kansas City
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
Responsibility Role
SPONSOR
Principal Investigators
Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.
Cynthia L Russell, PhD
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
University of Missouri, Kansas City
Locations
Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.
Due West Therapeutic Riding Center
Kansas City, Kansas, United States
Site Status
Kansas City Physician's Partners
Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Site Status
Saint Luke's College of Health Sciences
Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Site Status
Countries
Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.
United States
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
Aranda-Garcia S, Iricibar A, Planas A, Prat-Subiran JA, Angulo-Barroso RM. Comparative effects of horse exercise versus traditional exercise programs on gait, muscle strength, and body balance in healthy older adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2015 Jan;23(1):78-89. doi: 10.1123/japa.2012-0326. Epub 2014 Jan 14.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Araujo TB, Silva NA, Costa JN, Pereira MM, Safons MP. Effect of equine-assisted therapy on the postural balance of the elderly. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2011 Sep-Oct;15(5):414-9. doi: 10.1590/s1413-35552011005000027. Epub 2011 Oct 14. English, Portuguese.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Barten DJ, Swinkels LC, Dorsman SA, Dekker J, Veenhof C, de Bakker DH. Treatment of hip/knee osteoarthritis in Dutch general practice and physical therapy practice: an observational study. BMC Fam Pract. 2015 Jun 27;16:75. doi: 10.1186/s12875-015-0295-9.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Beil K, Hanes D. The influence of urban natural and built environments on physiological and psychological measures of stress--a pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013 Mar 26;10(4):1250-67. doi: 10.3390/ijerph10041250.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Beinotti F, Christofoletti G, Correia N, Borges G. Effects of horseback riding therapy on quality of life in patients post stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2013 May-Jun;20(3):226-32. doi: 10.1310/tsr2003-226.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Beinotti F, Correia N, Christofoletti G, Borges G. Use of hippotherapy in gait training for hemiparetic post-stroke. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2010 Dec;68(6):908-13. doi: 10.1590/s0004-282x2010000600015.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Bijlsma JW, Berenbaum F, Lafeber FP. Osteoarthritis: an update with relevance for clinical practice. Lancet. 2011 Jun 18;377(9783):2115-26. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60243-2.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Bizub AL, Joy A, Davidson L. "It's like being in another world": demonstrating the benefits of therapeutic horseback riding for individuals with psychiatric disability. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2003 Spring;26(4):377-84. doi: 10.2975/26.2003.377.384.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Boonstra AM, Schiphorst Preuper HR, Reneman MF, Posthumus JB, Stewart RE. Reliability and validity of the visual analogue scale for disability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Int J Rehabil Res. 2008 Jun;31(2):165-9. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3282fc0f93.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Borioni N, Marinaro P, Celestini S, Del Sole F, Magro R, Zoppi D, Mattei F, Dall' Armi V, Mazzarella F, Cesario A, Bonassi S. Effect of equestrian therapy and onotherapy in physical and psycho-social performances of adults with intellectual disability: a preliminary study of evaluation tools based on the ICF classification. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(4):279-87. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2011.605919. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Boswell, S., Gusowski, K., Kaiser, A., & Flachenecker, P. (2009). Hippotherapy in multiple sclerosis - results of a prospective, controlled, randomised and single-blind trial. Poster presentation.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Brock, B.J, (1988). Effect of therapeutic horseback riding on physically disabled adults
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Buchbinder R, Bombardier C, Yeung M, Tugwell P. Which outcome measures should be used in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials? Clinical and quality-of-life measures' responsiveness to treatment in a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Nov;38(11):1568-80. doi: 10.1002/art.1780381108.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Burch PM, Pogoryelova O, Goldstein R, Bennett D, Guglieri M, Straub V, Bushby K, Lochmuller H, Morris C. Muscle-Derived Proteins as Serum Biomarkers for Monitoring Disease Progression in Three Forms of Muscular Dystrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis. 2015 Sep 2;2(3):241-255. doi: 10.3233/JND-140066.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Carr, A. (2003). Adult Measures of Quality of Life: The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS/AIMS2), Disease Repercussion Profile (DRP), EuroQoL, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Patient Generated Index (PGI), Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB), RAQoL, Short Form-36 (SF-36), Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), SIP-RA, and World Health Organization's Quality of Life Instruments (WHOQoL, WHOQoL-100, WHOQoL-Bref). Arthritis Care & Research, 49(S5), S113-S133. http://doi.org/10.1002/art.11414
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis and arthritis-attributable activity limitation--United States, 2010-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Nov 8;62(44):869-73.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Cerulli C, Minganti C, De Santis C, Tranchita E, Quaranta F, Parisi A. Therapeutic horseback riding in breast cancer survivors: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med. 2014 Aug;20(8):623-9. doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0061. Epub 2014 Jun 25.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Chaparro LE, Furlan AD, Deshpande A, Mailis-Gagnon A, Atlas S, Turk DC. Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Aug 27;2013(8):CD004959. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004959.pub4.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Cho SH, Kim JW, Kim SR, Cho BJ. Effects of horseback riding exercise therapy on hormone levels in elderly persons. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Jul;27(7):2271-3. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.2271. Epub 2015 Jul 22.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Dawson, S., & Liddicoat, K. (2009). "Camp Gives Me Hope": Exploring the Therapeutic Use of Community for Adults with Cerebral Palsy. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 43(4), 9-24.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
de Araujo TB, de Oliveira RJ, Martins WR, de Moura Pereira M, Copetti F, Safons MP. Effects of hippotherapy on mobility, strength and balance in elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2013 May-Jun;56(3):478-81. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.12.007. Epub 2013 Jan 3.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Debuse D, Gibb C, Chandler C. Effects of hippotherapy on people with cerebral palsy from the users' perspective: a qualitative study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2009 Apr;25(3):174-92. doi: 10.1080/09593980902776662.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Duclos ME, Roualdes O, Cararo R, Rousseau JC, Roger T, Hartmann DJ. Significance of the serum CTX-II level in an osteoarthritis animal model: a 5-month longitudinal study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010 Nov;18(11):1467-76. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.07.007.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Engel GL. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):129-36. doi: 10.1126/science.847460.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Farias-Tomaszewski, S., Jenkins, S. R., & Keller, J. (2001). An evaluation of therapeutic horseback riding programs for adults with physical impairmnets. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 35(3), 250.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Fazio E, Medica P, Cravana C, Ferlazzo A. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses of horses to therapeutic riding program: effects of different riders. Physiol Behav. 2013 Jun 13;118:138-43. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.009. Epub 2013 May 15.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Felson DT, Lohmander LS. Whither osteoarthritis biomarkers? Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009 Apr;17(4):419-22. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.02.004. Epub 2009 Feb 23. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Fernandes L, Hagen KB, Bijlsma JW, Andreassen O, Christensen P, Conaghan PG, Doherty M, Geenen R, Hammond A, Kjeken I, Lohmander LS, Lund H, Mallen CD, Nava T, Oliver S, Pavelka K, Pitsillidou I, da Silva JA, de la Torre J, Zanoli G, Vliet Vlieland TP; European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological core management of hip and knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Jul;72(7):1125-35. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202745. Epub 2013 Apr 17.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Fieseler G, Molitor T, Irlenbusch L, Delank KS, Laudner KG, Hermassi S, Schwesig R. Intrarater reliability of goniometry and hand-held dynamometry for shoulder and elbow examinations in female team handball athletes and asymptomatic volunteers. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2015 Dec;135(12):1719-26. doi: 10.1007/s00402-015-2331-6. Epub 2015 Sep 19.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Frevel D, Maurer M. Internet-based home training is capable to improve balance in multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2015 Feb;51(1):23-30. Epub 2014 Apr 23.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
George SZ, Wallace MR, Wu SS, Moser MW, Wright TW, Farmer KW, Borsa PA, Parr JJ, Greenfield WH 3rd, Dai Y, Li H, Fillingim RB. Biopsychosocial influence on shoulder pain: risk subgroups translated across preclinical and clinical prospective cohorts. Pain. 2015 Jan;156(1):148-156. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.0000000000000012.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Hakanson M, Moller M, Lindstrom I, Mattsson B. The horse as the healer-a study of riding in patients with back pain. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2009 Jan;13(1):43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2007.06.002. Epub 2007 Aug 24.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Hammer A, Nilsagard Y, Forsberg A, Pepa H, Skargren E, Oberg B. Evaluation of therapeutic riding (Sweden)/hippotherapy (United States). A single-subject experimental design study replicated in eleven patients with multiple sclerosis. Physiother Theory Pract. 2005 Jan-Mar;21(1):51-77. doi: 10.1080/09593980590911525.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M. Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Nov;63 Suppl 11:S240-52. doi: 10.1002/acr.20543. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Homnick DN, Henning KM, Swain CV, Homnick TD. Effect of therapeutic horseback riding on balance in community-dwelling older adults with balance deficits. J Altern Complement Med. 2013 Jul;19(7):622-6. doi: 10.1089/acm.2012.0642. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Homnick TD, Henning KM, Swain CV, Homnick DN. The effect of therapeutic horseback riding on balance in community-dwelling older adults: a pilot study. J Appl Gerontol. 2015 Feb;34(1):118-26. doi: 10.1177/0733464812467398. Epub 2012 Nov 28.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Hughes DC, Wallace MA, Baar K. Effects of aging, exercise, and disease on force transfer in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jul 1;309(1):E1-E10. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00095.2015. Epub 2015 May 12.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lee S, Lee D, Park J. Effects of the Indoor Horseback Riding Exercise on Electromyographic Activity and Balance in One-leg Standing. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 Sep;26(9):1445-7. doi: 10.1589/jpts.26.1445. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Karjalainen K, Malmivaara A, van Tulder M, Roine R, Jauhiainen M, Hurri H, Koes B. Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for subacute low back pain in working-age adults: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 Feb 1;26(3):262-9. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200102010-00011.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Keren O, Reznik J, Groswasser Z. Combined motor disturbances following severe traumatic brain injury: an integrative long-term treatment approach. Brain Inj. 2001 Jul;15(7):633-8. doi: 10.1080/02699050010009568.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Kim HS, Lee CW, Lee IS. Comparison between the Effects of Horseback Riding Exercise and Trunk Stability Exercise on the Balance of Normal Adults. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 Sep;26(9):1325-7. doi: 10.1589/jpts.26.1325. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Kim SG, Lee CW. The effects of hippotherapy on elderly persons' static balance and gait. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 Jan;26(1):25-7. doi: 10.1589/jpts.26.25. Epub 2014 Feb 6.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Kim SR, Cho SH, Kim JW, Lee HC, Brienen M, Cho BJ. Effects of horseback riding exercise therapy on background electroencephalograms of elderly people. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Jul;27(7):2373-6. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.2373. Epub 2015 Jul 22.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Kolber MJ, Hanney WJ. The reliability and concurrent validity of shoulder mobility measurements using a digital inclinometer and goniometer: a technical report. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Jun;7(3):306-13.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lechner HE, Feldhaus S, Gudmundsen L, Hegemann D, Michel D, Zach GA, Knecht H. The short-term effect of hippotherapy on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2003 Sep;41(9):502-5. doi: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101492.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lechner HE, Kakebeeke TH, Hegemann D, Baumberger M. The effect of hippotherapy on spasticity and on mental well-being of persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Oct;88(10):1241-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.015.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Aliev RG, Gaziev RM, Abdulaev MA, Daitbegov MKh. [Experience with the treatment of acute pancreatitis with 5-fluorouracil in the light of late results]. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek. 1988 Jun;140(6):28-31. Russian.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lee CW, Kim SG, An BW. The effects of horseback riding on body mass index and gait in obese women. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Apr;27(4):1169-71. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.1169. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Mackay-Lyons, M., Conway, C., & Roberts, W. (1988). Effects of therapeutic riding on patients with multiple sclerosis: a preliminary trial... horseback riding. Physiotherapy Canada, 40(2), 104-109.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Menezes, K., Mendonça, Copetti, F., Wiest, M., Joner, Trevisan, C., Morais, & Silveira, A., Ferreira. (2013). Effect of hippotherapy on the postural stability of patients with multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study. Fisioterapia E Pesquisa, 20(1), 43-49.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Milfont, T. L., & Duckitt, J. (2010). The environmental attitudes inventory: A valid and reliable measure to assess the structure of environmental attitudes. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(1), 80-94. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.09.001
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Munoz-Lasa S, Ferriero G, Valero R, Gomez-Muniz F, Rabini A, Varela E. Effect of therapeutic horseback riding on balance and gait of people with multiple sclerosis. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2011 Oct-Dec;33(4):462-7.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Nimer, J., & Lundahl, B. (2007). Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Meta-Analysis. Anthrozoos, 20(3), 225-238. http://doi.org/10.2752/089279307X224773
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ratliffe, K. T., & Sanekane, C. (2009). Equine-assisted therapies: Complementary medicine or not? Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 13(2), 33-43.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Sager, A., Drache, M., Schaar, B., & Pöhlau, D. (2008). Hippotherapy for multiple sclerosis - Pilot study assessing effects on balance, spasticity, ability to walk and quality of life. Multiple Scerosis, 14(1), S151.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Schaafsma FG, Whelan K, van der Beek AJ, van der Es-Lambeek LC, Ojajarvi A, Verbeek JH. Physical conditioning as part of a return to work strategy to reduce sickness absence for workers with back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Aug 30;2013(8):CD001822. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001822.pub3.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Selby A, Smith-Osborne A. A systematic review of effectiveness of complementary and adjunct therapies and interventions involving equines. Health Psychol. 2013 Apr;32(4):418-32. doi: 10.1037/a0029188. Epub 2012 Aug 13.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Silkwood-Sherer D, Warmbier H. Effects of hippotherapy on postural stability, in persons with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2007 Jun;31(2):77-84. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e31806769f7.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Boxem KV, Zundert JV, van Kleef M. Re: Staal JB, de Bie R, de Vet HC, et al. Injection therapy for subacute and chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008:CD001824. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Jul 1;34(15):1628-9; author reply 1629. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181aa1ffa. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Sunwoo H, Chang WH, Kwon JY, Kim TW, Lee JY, Kim YH. Hippotherapy in adult patients with chronic brain disorders: a pilot study. Ann Rehabil Med. 2012 Dec;36(6):756-61. doi: 10.5535/arm.2012.36.6.756. Epub 2012 Dec 28.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Tseng SH, Chen HC, Tam KW. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of equine assisted activities and therapies on gross motor outcome in children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil. 2013 Jan;35(2):89-99. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2012.687033. Epub 2012 May 26.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK305057/
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Yorke, J., Adams, C., & Coady, N. (2008). Therapeutic value of equine-human bonding in recovery from trauma. ANTHROZOOS, 21(1), 17-30.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Related Links
Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.
http://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Rheumatologist/Research/Clinician-Researchers/Arthritis-Impact-Measurement-Scales-AIMS
Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2
https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&rlz=1C1AVNE_enUS621US621&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=range+of+joint+motion+evaluation+chart
Range of Joint Motion Evaluation Chart
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
16-276
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
More Related Trials
Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.
Arthritis Patient Education for Urban African Americans
NCT00000396
COMPLETED
NA
Arthritis Self-Management Education Program
NCT00467064
COMPLETED
NA
Evaluation of Walk With Ease in Arthritis
NCT00526435
COMPLETED
PHASE3
Increasing Physical Activity in Older Adults With Osteoarthritis Pain: Examining a Brief Behavioral Intervention
NCT04490395
COMPLETED
NA
Impact of Literacy Level on Patient Education and Health Among People With Arthritis
NCT00023205
COMPLETED
PHASE2
Patient Education in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
NCT00000414
COMPLETED
NA
Fatigue in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis- Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT02120963
COMPLETED
NA
Hip Osteoarthritis: Effects of Exercise Programs on Pain and Disability
NCT00682617
COMPLETED
NA
Evaluation of the Arthritis Foundation Tai Chi Program
NCT01184924
COMPLETED
NA
Foot Core Exercise Training with Telerehabilitation
NCT06667856
ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
NA
Strength Training for ARthritis Trial
NCT01489462
COMPLETED
NA
Acupressure in Rheumatoid Arthritis
NCT05412121
COMPLETED
NA
Diet Interventions: Remitted and Evaluated as Complementary Treatments for Pain
NCT05785884
RECRUITING
NA
Healthier Living With Arthritis Online Program
NCT00398255
COMPLETED
NA
Textured Insoles and Foot Massage in Individuals Diagnosed With Rheumatoid Arthritis
NCT05045898
COMPLETED
NA
Effect of Exercise on the Disease Activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis
NCT00792675
COMPLETED
NA
Examining the Efficacy of Personalized Lifestyle Intervention in Individuals With Rheumatoid Arthritis
NCT05759585
RECRUITING
NA
Effectiveness of a Training Program in Improving Coping Skills in People With Arthritis Pain
NCT00636454
COMPLETED
PHASE2/PHASE3
Couples-Oriented Psychosocial Intervention for Osteoarthritis
NCT00230945
COMPLETED
NA
MAintAin Activity in Arthritis: A Feasibility Study
NCT06842550
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
Staying Positive With Arthritis Study
NCT02223858
COMPLETED
NA
Tai Chi in Spondyloarthritis
NCT04700150
COMPLETED
NA
Activity, Rheumatoid and Osteoarthritis, and Weight Management
NCT00365404
COMPLETED
NA
Group Training and Quality of Life and Reduction of Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
NCT01998373
COMPLETED
NA
Rehabilitation Exercise Intervention for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Exercise Prescription System
NCT07246811
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA