Vitamin B12 Supplementation During Pregnancy on Cognitive Development
NCT ID: NCT03071666
Last Updated: 2024-04-16
Study Results
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Basic Information
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ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
PHASE2/PHASE3
800 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2017-03-27
2029-12-31
Brief Summary
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Study design: Individually randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial in pregnant South Asian women at risk of poor vitamin B12 status. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio.
Study participants and site: 800 pregnant women from early pregnancy. Women will be enrolled as early as possible, but no later than in week 15 of pregnancy.
Intervention: Daily administration of 50 µg of vitamin B12 from early pregnancy until 6 months after birth.
Comparator: Placebo, identical to the vitamin B12 supplements.
Outcomes: Primary: (i) neurodevelopment in children measured at 6 and 12 months of age (ii) growth in children measured by weight and length at 12 months. Secondary: (i) neurodevelopment and cognitive functioning in children at 24 months (ii) gestational age at birth, (iii) fetal and infant growth measured by weight and length at birth, after 1 month and then at 3, 6, 9, and 24 months, (iv) hemoglobin concentration in children and mothers.
Relevance for programs and public health: The results from this study can suggest new dietary guidelines for South Asian women that again can lead to improved pregnancy outcomes and neurodevelopment and cognitive functioning in South Asian children.
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Detailed Description
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Case studies have demonstrated harmful effects of severe vitamin B12 deficiency on the developing infant brain.The consequences of mild or subclinical vitamin deficiency are less clear but it has been shown to be associated with decreased cognitive performance in both elderly and children.
Three randomized controlled trials (RCT) have measured the effect of vitamin B12 supplementation on neurodevelopment in children: In a Norwegian trial, an intramuscular injection of B12 substantially improved motor development in six weeks old infants after one month. Another intervention study in low birth weight children in Norway recently confirmed these findings. The infants in these studies had evidence of suboptimal vitamin B12 status, but none were severely deficient. We found a beneficial effect of vitamin B12 supplementation for six months on neurodevelopment in young North Indian children.
During pregnancy, vitamin B12 is concentrated in the fetus and stored in the liver. Infants born to vitamin B12-replete mothers have stores of vitamin B12 that are adequate to sustain them for the first several months postpartum. Consequently, vitamin B12 deficiency rarely occurs before the infant is about four months old if the mother has adequate vitamin B12 status during pregnancy. However, many infants of vitamin B12-deficient breastfeeding mothers are vulnerable to B12 deficiency from an early age.
In this project we will randomise Nepalese women to receive a supplement containing 50µg cobalamin or a placebo from early pregnancy until 6 months postpartum.
Hypothesis to be tested
Principal hypothesis: Daily administration of vitamin B12 to pregnant women from early pregnancy until 6 months postpartum will:
1. Increase the scores of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd ed. (Bayley-III) by 0.25 SD points measured at 6 and 12 months of age.
2. Increase length for age and weight for length by 0.2 z-scores at 12 months of age.
Other hypotheses to be tested (dependent on additional funding):
1. Daily maternal administration of vitamin B12 from the start of the early pregnancy and for 6 months postpartum improves the hemoglobin concentration in the mother and infant.
2. Daily maternal administration of vitamin B12 from early pregnancy and for 6 months postpartum improves plasma vitamin B12 concentration and reduces plasma total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentration in the mother and infant.
3. Daily maternal administration of vitamin B12 from early pregnancy and for 6 months postpartum improves insulin sensitivity in the offspring.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
QUADRUPLE
Study Groups
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Vitamin B12
cobalamin, 50 µg per day throughout pregnancy and during the first 6 months postpartum.
cobalamin
Vitamin supplment tablet containing 50µg cobalamin
Placebo
Identical taste and appearance with the Experimental arm. Contains no cobalamin
placebo
A tablet identical to the vitamin supplement but containing no vitamin B12
Interventions
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cobalamin
Vitamin supplment tablet containing 50µg cobalamin
placebo
A tablet identical to the vitamin supplement but containing no vitamin B12
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Current resident and plan to reside in Bhaktapur district for at least the next 2 years.
* Age of mother between 18 and 40 years.
* Consent to participate in the study.
Exclusion Criteria
* Known case of chronic disease like asthma, tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension, hypo or hyperthyroidism or others
* Known case of current high risk pregnancy
* Severe anemia (hemoglobin concentration \<7 g/dL).
* Where the study doctor finds it necessary to treat the woman with vitamin B12 or vitamin B12 containing supplements
20 Years
40 Years
FEMALE
No
Sponsors
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Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute Of Medicine.
OTHER
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS
OTHER
Sykehuset Innlandet HF
OTHER
Centre For International Health
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Tor A Strand, MD/PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Bergen
Laxman Shestha, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Tribhuvan University
Ram K Chandyo, MD/PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Kathmandu University
Locations
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Manjeswori Ulak
Bhaktapur, , Nepal
Countries
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References
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Allen LH. Causes of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Food Nutr Bull. 2008 Jun;29(2 Suppl):S20-34; discussion S35-7. doi: 10.1177/15648265080292S105.
Samuel TM, Duggan C, Thomas T, Bosch R, Rajendran R, Virtanen SM, Srinivasan K, Kurpad AV. Vitamin B(12) intake and status in early pregnancy among urban South Indian women. Ann Nutr Metab. 2013;62(2):113-22. doi: 10.1159/000345589. Epub 2013 Jan 22.
Taneja S, Bhandari N, Strand TA, Sommerfelt H, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Schneede J, Bahl R, Bhan MK. Cobalamin and folate status in infants and young children in a low-to-middle income community in India. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Nov;86(5):1302-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1302.
Ulak M, Chandyo RK, Adhikari RK, Sharma PR, Sommerfelt H, Refsum H, Strand TA. Cobalamin and folate status in 6 to 35 months old children presenting with acute diarrhea in Bhaktapur, Nepal. PLoS One. 2014 Mar 3;9(3):e90079. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090079. eCollection 2014.
Dror DK, Allen LH. Effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on neurodevelopment in infants: current knowledge and possible mechanisms. Nutr Rev. 2008 May;66(5):250-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00031.x.
Strand TA, Taneja S, Ueland PM, Refsum H, Bahl R, Schneede J, Sommerfelt H, Bhandari N. Cobalamin and folate status predicts mental development scores in North Indian children 12-18 mo of age. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Feb;97(2):310-7. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.032268. Epub 2013 Jan 2.
Torsvik I, Ueland PM, Markestad T, Bjorke-Monsen AL. Cobalamin supplementation improves motor development and regurgitations in infants: results from a randomized intervention study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Nov;98(5):1233-40. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.061549. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
Kvestad I, Taneja S, Kumar T, Hysing M, Refsum H, Yajnik CS, Bhandari N, Strand TA; Folate and Vitamin B12 Study Group. Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Improve Gross Motor and Problem-Solving Skills in Young North Indian Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. PLoS One. 2015 Jun 22;10(6):e0129915. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129915. eCollection 2015.
Duggan C, Srinivasan K, Thomas T, Samuel T, Rajendran R, Muthayya S, Finkelstein JL, Lukose A, Fawzi W, Allen LH, Bosch RJ, Kurpad AV. Vitamin B-12 supplementation during pregnancy and early lactation increases maternal, breast milk, and infant measures of vitamin B-12 status. J Nutr. 2014 May;144(5):758-64. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.187278. Epub 2014 Mar 5.
Taneja S, Strand TA, Kumar T, Mahesh M, Mohan S, Manger MS, Refsum H, Yajnik CS, Bhandari N. Folic acid and vitamin B-12 supplementation and common infections in 6-30-mo-old children in India: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Sep;98(3):731-7. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.059592. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
Strand TA, Taneja S, Kumar T, Manger MS, Refsum H, Yajnik CS, Bhandari N. Vitamin B-12, folic acid, and growth in 6- to 30-month-old children: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2015 Apr;135(4):e918-26. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-1848.
Kumar T, Taneja S, Yajnik CS, Bhandari N, Strand TA; Study Group. Prevalence and predictors of anemia in a population of North Indian children. Nutrition. 2014 May;30(5):531-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.015. Epub 2013 Oct 15.
Yajnik CS, Deshpande SS, Jackson AA, Refsum H, Rao S, Fisher DJ, Bhat DS, Naik SS, Coyaji KJ, Joglekar CV, Joshi N, Lubree HG, Deshpande VU, Rege SS, Fall CH. Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Diabetologia. 2008 Jan;51(1):29-38. doi: 10.1007/s00125-007-0793-y. Epub 2007 Sep 13.
Chandyo RK, Kvestad I, Ulak M, Ranjitkar S, Hysing M, Shrestha M, Schwinger C, McCann A, Ueland PM, Basnet S, Shrestha L, Strand TA. The effect of vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy on infant growth and development in Nepal: a community-based, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2023 May 6;401(10387):1508-1517. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00346-X. Epub 2023 Apr 6.
Chandyo RK, Ulak M, Kvestad I, Shrestha M, Ranjitkar S, Basnet S, Hysing M, Shrestha L, Strand TA. The effects of vitamin B12 supplementation in pregnancy and postpartum on growth and neurodevelopment in early childhood: Study Protocol for a Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial. BMJ Open. 2017 Aug 29;7(8):e016434. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016434.
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan
Related Links
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Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child health
Other Identifiers
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Universal Trial Number
Identifier Type: REGISTRY
Identifier Source: secondary_id
CISMAC-B12
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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