Mother's Milk Messaging: Evaluation of a Bilingual Application (APP) to Support Initiation and Exclusive Breastfeeding in New Mothers
NCT ID: NCT02958475
Last Updated: 2021-02-26
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
346 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2017-09-25
2020-07-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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While Text4Baby texting application uses a similar approach, the text messages are not interactive and they do not address specific issues with breastfeeding. The device's social media content facilitates private, peer and expert support for breastfeeding in real time on a channel preferred by first time mothers.
Applying a theoretically-based framework, the investigators developed content stemming from Dr. Maya Bunik's previous published Breastfeeding Telephone Triage and Advice. Content was adapted for delivery via a mobile application (App) with attention to an Integrated Theory of mobile Health (mHealth) using best practices for app design for health promotion using social and mobile technology. The content was modified to facilitate engagement with content using technology, utilizing communication theories such as Gain and Loss Framing and Elaboration theory, and theories to support social networking and social support, along with behavioral health theories such as the Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory.
The MMM app has three main elements: text messages via push notification are stored and searchable on the app, access to a breastfeeding social support group on Facebook, and access to videos and written material to facilitate knowledge acquisition and skills building. The text messages are targeted at specific theoretical constructs such as outcome expectations/attitudes, barrier self-efficacy, reinforcing a message using peripheral (expert) opinion, eliciting a sense of social currency or providing a cue-to-action. The breastfeeding social support group on Facebook will be moderated to facilitate posting of shared experiences. Short videos, photographs, and written blurbs on related topics are posted on the Facebook page to reinforce the messaging and content of the texts. After a successful pilot study of MMM the investigators are ready to test the benefits of supporting new mothers with breastfeeding using the investigators bilingual mobile phone application (app) and online support program.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Attention Control
Participants in control arm will receive normal standard messages about infant injury prevention.
Injury Prevention Messages
The Mother's Milk Messaging app will provide participants in the control group with genetic injury prevention message.
Breastfeeding Messages plus Social Support
Participant will receive between 5-7 text messages weekly through push notifications to their phone. The text messages are targeted at specific theoretical constructs such as outcome expectations/attitudes, barrier self-efficacy, reinforcing a message using peripheral (expert) opinion, eliciting a sense of social currency or providing a cue-to-action. In addition they will be able to download the MMM app, which will store text messages received. Additionally, participants in this arm will be able to link within the app to a private Facebook page. Participants can access this page through their app or directly via Facebook where they can view, comment, and share in response to posts. The MMM app has three main elements: text messages via push notification are stored and searchable on the app, access to a breastfeeding social support group on Facebook, and access to videos and written material to facilitate knowledge acquisition and skills building.
Social Support Group (Facebook)
The breastfeeding social support group on Facebook will be moderated to facilitate posting of shared experiences. Short videos, photographs, and written blurbs on related topics are posted on the Facebook page to reinforce the messaging and content of the texts.
Breastfeeding messages
The Mother's Milk Messaging app gives participants access to text messages via push notification on the app, as well as access to videos and written material to facilitate knowledge acquisition and skills building. The text messages are targeted at specific theoretical constructs such as outcome expectations/attitudes, barrier self-efficacy, reinforcing a message using peripheral (expert) opinion, eliciting a sense of social currency or providing a cue-to-action.
Breastfeeding Messages only
Participant will receive between 5-7 text messages weekly through push notifications to their phone. The text messages are targeted at specific theoretical constructs such as outcome expectations/attitudes, barrier self-efficacy, reinforcing a message using peripheral (expert) opinion, eliciting a sense of social currency or providing a cue-to-action.
Breastfeeding messages
The Mother's Milk Messaging app gives participants access to text messages via push notification on the app, as well as access to videos and written material to facilitate knowledge acquisition and skills building. The text messages are targeted at specific theoretical constructs such as outcome expectations/attitudes, barrier self-efficacy, reinforcing a message using peripheral (expert) opinion, eliciting a sense of social currency or providing a cue-to-action.
Interventions
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Social Support Group (Facebook)
The breastfeeding social support group on Facebook will be moderated to facilitate posting of shared experiences. Short videos, photographs, and written blurbs on related topics are posted on the Facebook page to reinforce the messaging and content of the texts.
Breastfeeding messages
The Mother's Milk Messaging app gives participants access to text messages via push notification on the app, as well as access to videos and written material to facilitate knowledge acquisition and skills building. The text messages are targeted at specific theoretical constructs such as outcome expectations/attitudes, barrier self-efficacy, reinforcing a message using peripheral (expert) opinion, eliciting a sense of social currency or providing a cue-to-action.
Injury Prevention Messages
The Mother's Milk Messaging app will provide participants in the control group with genetic injury prevention message.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Women ages 18-40
* Who can converse and write in English and/or Spanish
* Who reside in the U.S.
* Who are expecting a normal singleton birth
* Who are pregnant
* Have access to a computer connected to the Internet
* Have access to a mobile device that can receive text messages and access the Internet (smart phone)
Exclusion Criteria
18 Years
40 Years
FEMALE
Yes
Sponsors
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W.K. Kellogg Foundation
OTHER
University of Colorado, Denver
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Maya Bunik, MD, MPH
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Colorado School of Public Health
Jennifer Leiferman, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Colorado School of Public Health
Sheana Bull, PhD MPH
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Colorado School of Public Health
Locations
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University of Colorado
Aurora, Colorado, United States
Countries
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References
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Bunik M, Dunn DM, Watkins L, Talmi A. Trifecta approach to breastfeeding: clinical care in the integrated mental health model. J Hum Lact. 2014 May;30(2):143-7. doi: 10.1177/0890334414523333. Epub 2014 Mar 4.
Holmes AV, McLeod AY, Bunik M. ABM Clinical Protocol #5: Peripartum breastfeeding management for the healthy mother and infant at term, revision 2013. Breastfeed Med. 2013 Dec;8(6):469-73. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2013.9979.
Jansson LM, Bunik M, Bogen DL. Lactation and the Marijuana-Using Mother. Breastfeed Med. 2015 Jul-Aug;10(6):342-3. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2015.0067. Epub 2015 Jun 29. No abstract available.
Neifert M, Bunik M. Overcoming clinical barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013 Feb;60(1):115-45. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.001.
Neville MC, Anderson SM, McManaman JL, Badger TM, Bunik M, Contractor N, Crume T, Dabelea D, Donovan SM, Forman N, Frank DN, Friedman JE, German JB, Goldman A, Hadsell D, Hambidge M, Hinde K, Horseman ND, Hovey RC, Janoff E, Krebs NF, Lebrilla CB, Lemay DG, MacLean PS, Meier P, Morrow AL, Neu J, Nommsen-Rivers LA, Raiten DJ, Rijnkels M, Seewaldt V, Shur BD, VanHouten J, Williamson P. Lactation and neonatal nutrition: defining and refining the critical questions. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2012 Jun;17(2):167-88. doi: 10.1007/s10911-012-9261-5. Epub 2012 Jul 1.
Bunik M, Shobe P, O'Connor ME, Beaty B, Langendoerfer S, Crane L, Kempe A. Are 2 weeks of daily breastfeeding support insufficient to overcome the influences of formula? Acad Pediatr. 2010 Jan-Feb;10(1):21-8. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2009.09.014.
Bunik M, Krebs NF, Beaty B, McClatchey M, Olds DL. Breastfeeding and WIC enrollment in the Nurse Family Partnership Program. Breastfeed Med. 2009 Sep;4(3):145-9. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2008.0140.
Bunik M, Clark L, Zimmer LM, Jimenez LM, O'Connor ME, Crane LA, Kempe A. Early infant feeding decisions in low-income Latinas. Breastfeed Med. 2006 Winter;1(4):225-35. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2006.1.225.
Dennis CL. The breastfeeding self-efficacy scale: psychometric assessment of the short form. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2003 Nov-Dec;32(6):734-44. doi: 10.1177/0884217503258459.
Fein SB, Labiner-Wolfe J, Scanlon KS, Grummer-Strawn LM. Selected complementary feeding practices and their association with maternal education. Pediatrics. 2008 Oct;122 Suppl 2:S91-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-1315l.
Noel-Weiss J, Boersma S, Kujawa-Myles S. Questioning current definitions for breastfeeding research. Int Breastfeed J. 2012 Aug 13;7(1):9. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-7-9.
Nommsen-Rivers LA, Dewey KG. Development and validation of the infant feeding intentions scale. Matern Child Health J. 2009 May;13(3):334-42. doi: 10.1007/s10995-008-0356-y. Epub 2008 May 13.
Other Identifiers
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16-1740
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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