Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
PHASE4
Total Enrollment
48 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2015-09-30
Study Completion Date
2017-11-30
Brief Summary
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Project title: Influence of Vasopressors on Brain Oxygenation and Microcirculation in Anesthetized Patients with Cerebral Tumors
Sponsor-investigator: Klaus Ulrik Koch M.D.
Sponsor: Department of Anesthesia Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Objective:
To investigate whether phenylephrine and ephedrine causes different alterations in microcirculation and oxygenation, as measured with MRI and PET, in anesthetized patients with brain tumors. Using MRI and PET, the study will assess whether there is a difference in deoxyhemoglobin concentration (Bold signal), CTTH, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) between ephedrine and phenylephrine
Method:
Double blinded controlled randomized clinical trial. Either phenylephrine or ephedrine are infused intravenously under general anesthesia. MRI is performed in 20 patients before and after infusion. PET/CT is performed in 20 patients before and after infusion. BIS and NIRS monitoring will be used in either scanner. After scanning patients are transported to the operating theatre and the craniotomy is performed. After removal of the bone flap subdural ICP is measured and recorded.
MRI to analyze CBF, CTH, max.CMRO2, maxOEF, CBV and grey-scale ADC before and after ephedrine and phenylephrine. PET/CT to analyze CBF and CMRO2 before and after ephedrine and phenylephrine and calculation of OEF. During each PET/CT scan session oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration is measured.
Data from the proposed studies will add substantial new knowledge to the investigators current understanding of the effects of vasopressors on cerebral circulation. This information will aid the neuroanesthesiologist, neurointensivist and the neurosurgeon in the choice of the optimal method to manage cerebral perfusion pressure during craniotomy for brain tumor.
Sponsor-investigator: Klaus Ulrik Koch M.D.
Sponsor: Department of Anesthesia Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Objective:
To investigate whether phenylephrine and ephedrine causes different alterations in microcirculation and oxygenation, as measured with MRI and PET, in anesthetized patients with brain tumors. Using MRI and PET, the study will assess whether there is a difference in deoxyhemoglobin concentration (Bold signal), CTTH, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) between ephedrine and phenylephrine
Method:
Double blinded controlled randomized clinical trial. Either phenylephrine or ephedrine are infused intravenously under general anesthesia. MRI is performed in 20 patients before and after infusion. PET/CT is performed in 20 patients before and after infusion. BIS and NIRS monitoring will be used in either scanner. After scanning patients are transported to the operating theatre and the craniotomy is performed. After removal of the bone flap subdural ICP is measured and recorded.
MRI to analyze CBF, CTH, max.CMRO2, maxOEF, CBV and grey-scale ADC before and after ephedrine and phenylephrine. PET/CT to analyze CBF and CMRO2 before and after ephedrine and phenylephrine and calculation of OEF. During each PET/CT scan session oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration is measured.
Data from the proposed studies will add substantial new knowledge to the investigators current understanding of the effects of vasopressors on cerebral circulation. This information will aid the neuroanesthesiologist, neurointensivist and the neurosurgeon in the choice of the optimal method to manage cerebral perfusion pressure during craniotomy for brain tumor.
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Detailed Description
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Background:
During brain tumor surgery the main objective for the neuroanesthesiologist is to maintain a low intracranial pressure (ICP) and a sufficient cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) (CPP = mean arterial blood pressure \[MABP\] - ICP) to ensure adequate cerebral oxygenation. Brain tumors are often associated with edema and increased ICP and a specific recommendation for CPP thresholds during brain tumor surgery does not exist. In daily practice vasopressors are used to increase MABP to maintain a CPP between 50-70 mmHg in accordance with current guidelines for management of patients with traumatic brain pathology.
However, recent studies show that arterial blood pressure correlates only poorly with microcirculatory flow. Elevation of blood pressure may result in reduced capillary perfusion and oxygen delivery despite reaching resuscitation end-points with CPP within 50-70 mmHg. This is supported by an experimental study demonstrating vasopressor-induced mismatch between cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, possibly due to microvascular heterogeneity, as suggested by the authors. In addition, recent studies in healthy anesthetized subjects demonstrate that, despite an increase in MABP, cerebral oxygenation simultaneously decreases after phenylephrine but remains unchanged after administration of ephedrine. Thus, increasing CPP with vasopressors may lead to paradoxical microcirculatory response with vasopressor-induced tissue hypo-perfusion and hindered tissue oxygenation.
Brain microcirculation is the primary site of oxygen exchange. The investigators have recently proposed that red blood cell capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTTH) may affect tissue oxygen tension in patients with ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. According to this theory capillary compression due to edema and elevated ICP may cause redistribution of capillary flows into patterns with functional shunting of oxygenated blood through the cerebral capillary bed. This capillary dysfunction may further hinder oxygen diffusion into cerebral tissue and ultimately cause cerebral ischemic damage. The dissimilar effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine on cerebral oxygenation may be caused by a different influence on brain capillary perfusion or alternated CTTH. Currently there are no studies available on the effects of commonly used vasopressors on brain microcirculation and oxygenation in patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumors.
Hypothesis:
The use of phenylephrine is associated with a reduction in brain oxygenation and microcirculation compared to ephedrine in anesthetized patients with brain tumors.
Specifically the investigators hypothesize that:
1. In peritumoral areas phenylephrine is associated with a local increase in CBF, increased CTTH, decreased oxygen extraction fraction and increase in the BOLD signal compared to ephedrine
2. Phenylephrine is associated with a reduction in oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) compared to ephedrine
Materials and methods:
Overall Study design:
Double blinded controlled randomized clinical trial.
Studies:
Study 1 (MRI study). 20 patients are randomized to infusion of either ephedrine or phenylephrine until MAP \>60 mmHg
Study 2 (PET study). 20 patients are randomized to infusion of either ephedrine or phenylephrine until MAP \>60mmHg
MRI and PET measurements are performed after induction of general anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. The MRI or PET sequence is then performed before administration of study-drug and again after the infusion of either phenylephrine or ephedrine results in MAP \> 60mmHg. Depth of anesthesia is monitored with BIS in both studies to ensure equal level of anesthetic depth in the two groups. NIRS is monitored in both studies to compare measurements of brain oxygenation determined by PET/CT. NIRS measurements are not possible during MR scan and will be measured either before or after the scan. BIS and NIRS are registered in each patients case report form (CRF). After the MRI/PET study the patient is transported to the operating theatre and the craniotomy is performed. After removal of the bone-flap, subdural ICP is measured and recorded as previously described.
The overall experimental setup is the same for the two studies. The patient is anesthetized and MRI or PET is performed before and after administration of a study-drug. The specific MRI and PET protocols are mentioned below
* MRI protocol
* Conventional MRI sequences on a high quality research scanner
* Diffusion-weighted MRI incl. diffusion kurtosis imaging
* Perfusion-weighted MRI before and after ephedrine or phenylephrine, respectively
* The duration of the entire MRI scan is estimated to 60 min. Two and a half standard doses of gadolinium MRI contrast are administered ( 0.25 mmol/kg).
* PET protocol
* Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF): 500 MBq of \[15O\]H2O is injected intravenously. At injection a three minute PET image acquisition of the brain is started together with arterial blood sampling (also three minutes) with an automated blood radioactivity sampler that draws 7 ml blood per minute. The PET acquisition is done on a Siemens High Resolution Research Tomograph (HRRT) in list mode.
* Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen (CMRO2): 1000 MBq of \[15O\]O2 is inhaled and immediately exhaled. At inhalation PET acquisition and blood sampling are performed with protocols identical to CBF.
* During each scan session oxygen saturation and haemoglobin concentration will be measured.
Physiological parameters (blood pressure and ICP) are documented in the CRF corresponding to each patient. BIS and NIRS data are stored on a portable computer and subjected to offline analysis. Parametric and non-parametric statistics will be used to compare MRI and PET. Physiological data will be recorded during stimulation with study-drugs. The sample size is based on previous publications where a MRI protocol was performed before and after drug administration in anesthetized patients. The exact form of applied statistics are not yet decided. This kind of study with new parameters from MRI and PET has never been done and statistical help will be consulted along the process.
Perspectives:
Data from the proposed studies will add to the investigators understanding of the cerebral microcirculation and its importance for brain oxygenation in patients of different age and comorbidity. Meanwhile, the study will provide new insights into the effects of vasopressors on the cerebral circulation. The study will thus provide direct observations for the investigators recent efforts to understand the role of the microcirculation in neurological disorders, and help the investigators chose the optimal method to manage CPP during craniotomy for brain tumor.
These insights may have implications for the future management of increased intracranial pressure and CPP after TBI and SAH.
Applicant´s part in the research:
Applicant Klaus Ulrik Koch is sponsor-investigator on this study and the responsible person of finishing the PhD thesis.
During brain tumor surgery the main objective for the neuroanesthesiologist is to maintain a low intracranial pressure (ICP) and a sufficient cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) (CPP = mean arterial blood pressure \[MABP\] - ICP) to ensure adequate cerebral oxygenation. Brain tumors are often associated with edema and increased ICP and a specific recommendation for CPP thresholds during brain tumor surgery does not exist. In daily practice vasopressors are used to increase MABP to maintain a CPP between 50-70 mmHg in accordance with current guidelines for management of patients with traumatic brain pathology.
However, recent studies show that arterial blood pressure correlates only poorly with microcirculatory flow. Elevation of blood pressure may result in reduced capillary perfusion and oxygen delivery despite reaching resuscitation end-points with CPP within 50-70 mmHg. This is supported by an experimental study demonstrating vasopressor-induced mismatch between cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, possibly due to microvascular heterogeneity, as suggested by the authors. In addition, recent studies in healthy anesthetized subjects demonstrate that, despite an increase in MABP, cerebral oxygenation simultaneously decreases after phenylephrine but remains unchanged after administration of ephedrine. Thus, increasing CPP with vasopressors may lead to paradoxical microcirculatory response with vasopressor-induced tissue hypo-perfusion and hindered tissue oxygenation.
Brain microcirculation is the primary site of oxygen exchange. The investigators have recently proposed that red blood cell capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTTH) may affect tissue oxygen tension in patients with ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. According to this theory capillary compression due to edema and elevated ICP may cause redistribution of capillary flows into patterns with functional shunting of oxygenated blood through the cerebral capillary bed. This capillary dysfunction may further hinder oxygen diffusion into cerebral tissue and ultimately cause cerebral ischemic damage. The dissimilar effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine on cerebral oxygenation may be caused by a different influence on brain capillary perfusion or alternated CTTH. Currently there are no studies available on the effects of commonly used vasopressors on brain microcirculation and oxygenation in patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumors.
Hypothesis:
The use of phenylephrine is associated with a reduction in brain oxygenation and microcirculation compared to ephedrine in anesthetized patients with brain tumors.
Specifically the investigators hypothesize that:
1. In peritumoral areas phenylephrine is associated with a local increase in CBF, increased CTTH, decreased oxygen extraction fraction and increase in the BOLD signal compared to ephedrine
2. Phenylephrine is associated with a reduction in oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) compared to ephedrine
Materials and methods:
Overall Study design:
Double blinded controlled randomized clinical trial.
Studies:
Study 1 (MRI study). 20 patients are randomized to infusion of either ephedrine or phenylephrine until MAP \>60 mmHg
Study 2 (PET study). 20 patients are randomized to infusion of either ephedrine or phenylephrine until MAP \>60mmHg
MRI and PET measurements are performed after induction of general anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. The MRI or PET sequence is then performed before administration of study-drug and again after the infusion of either phenylephrine or ephedrine results in MAP \> 60mmHg. Depth of anesthesia is monitored with BIS in both studies to ensure equal level of anesthetic depth in the two groups. NIRS is monitored in both studies to compare measurements of brain oxygenation determined by PET/CT. NIRS measurements are not possible during MR scan and will be measured either before or after the scan. BIS and NIRS are registered in each patients case report form (CRF). After the MRI/PET study the patient is transported to the operating theatre and the craniotomy is performed. After removal of the bone-flap, subdural ICP is measured and recorded as previously described.
The overall experimental setup is the same for the two studies. The patient is anesthetized and MRI or PET is performed before and after administration of a study-drug. The specific MRI and PET protocols are mentioned below
* MRI protocol
* Conventional MRI sequences on a high quality research scanner
* Diffusion-weighted MRI incl. diffusion kurtosis imaging
* Perfusion-weighted MRI before and after ephedrine or phenylephrine, respectively
* The duration of the entire MRI scan is estimated to 60 min. Two and a half standard doses of gadolinium MRI contrast are administered ( 0.25 mmol/kg).
* PET protocol
* Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF): 500 MBq of \[15O\]H2O is injected intravenously. At injection a three minute PET image acquisition of the brain is started together with arterial blood sampling (also three minutes) with an automated blood radioactivity sampler that draws 7 ml blood per minute. The PET acquisition is done on a Siemens High Resolution Research Tomograph (HRRT) in list mode.
* Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen (CMRO2): 1000 MBq of \[15O\]O2 is inhaled and immediately exhaled. At inhalation PET acquisition and blood sampling are performed with protocols identical to CBF.
* During each scan session oxygen saturation and haemoglobin concentration will be measured.
Physiological parameters (blood pressure and ICP) are documented in the CRF corresponding to each patient. BIS and NIRS data are stored on a portable computer and subjected to offline analysis. Parametric and non-parametric statistics will be used to compare MRI and PET. Physiological data will be recorded during stimulation with study-drugs. The sample size is based on previous publications where a MRI protocol was performed before and after drug administration in anesthetized patients. The exact form of applied statistics are not yet decided. This kind of study with new parameters from MRI and PET has never been done and statistical help will be consulted along the process.
Perspectives:
Data from the proposed studies will add to the investigators understanding of the cerebral microcirculation and its importance for brain oxygenation in patients of different age and comorbidity. Meanwhile, the study will provide new insights into the effects of vasopressors on the cerebral circulation. The study will thus provide direct observations for the investigators recent efforts to understand the role of the microcirculation in neurological disorders, and help the investigators chose the optimal method to manage CPP during craniotomy for brain tumor.
These insights may have implications for the future management of increased intracranial pressure and CPP after TBI and SAH.
Applicant´s part in the research:
Applicant Klaus Ulrik Koch is sponsor-investigator on this study and the responsible person of finishing the PhD thesis.
Conditions
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Brain Tumor
Study Design
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Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Primary Study Purpose
TREATMENT
Blinding Strategy
TRIPLE
Participants
Caregivers
Investigators
Study Groups
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Ephedrine
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Ephedrine
Intervention Type
DRUG
Infusion of Ephedrine 2mg/ml until MAP above 60 mmHg or until MAP has raised 20%
Phenylephrine
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Phenylephrine
Intervention Type
DRUG
Infusion of Phenylephrine 0,1mg/ml until MAP above 60 mmHg or until MAP has raised 20%
Interventions
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Ephedrine
Infusion of Ephedrine 2mg/ml until MAP above 60 mmHg or until MAP has raised 20%
Intervention Type
DRUG
Phenylephrine
Infusion of Phenylephrine 0,1mg/ml until MAP above 60 mmHg or until MAP has raised 20%
Intervention Type
DRUG
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Patients scheduled for supine-positioned elective craniotomy for supratentorial malignant and non-malignant brain tumors 3 cm or larger (measured as the largest diameter in any plane on MR images)
* ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist) status 1-3 (27)
* Written informed consent from participating patients
* ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist) status 1-3 (27)
* Written informed consent from participating patients
Exclusion Criteria
* Age younger than 18 yrs. or older than 75 yrs.
* Pregnancy or nursing (negative pregnancy blood test)
* History of allergic reactions to phenylephrine or ephedrine
* eGFR \< 60ml/min/1.73m2
* Pregnancy or nursing (negative pregnancy blood test)
* History of allergic reactions to phenylephrine or ephedrine
* eGFR \< 60ml/min/1.73m2
Minimum Eligible Age
18 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
75 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
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University of Aarhus
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Responsibility Role
SPONSOR
Principal Investigators
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Leif Oestergaard, Professor
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
University of Aarhus
Locations
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Aarhus University Hospital
Aarhus, Jylland, Denmark
Site Status
Countries
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Denmark
References
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Ngwenya LB, Chiocca EA. Editorial: postoperative ischemia. J Neurosurg. 2013 Apr;118(4):799-800; discussion 800. doi: 10.3171/2012.8.JNS121410. Epub 2013 Feb 1. No abstract available.
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BACKGROUND
Koch KU, Tietze A, Aanerud J, Oettingen GV, Juul N, Sorensen JCH, Nikolajsen L, Ostergaard L, Rasmussen M. Effect of ephedrine and phenylephrine on brain oxygenation and microcirculation in anaesthetised patients with cerebral tumours: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2017 Nov 17;7(11):e018560. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018560.
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DERIVED
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Rasmussen M, Juul N, Christensen SM, Jonsdottir KY, Gyldensted C, Vestergaard-Poulsen P, Cold GE, Ostergaard L. Cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and mean transit time responses to propofol and indomethacin in peritumor and contralateral brain regions: perioperative perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients with brain tumors. Anesthesiology. 2010 Jan;112(1):50-6. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181c38bd3.
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Rasmussen M, Ostergaard L, Juul N, Gyldensted C, Poulsen PV, Cold GE. Do indomethacin and propofol cause cerebral ischemic damage? Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumors. Anesthesiology. 2004 Oct;101(4):872-8. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200410000-00011.
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BACKGROUND
Dubin A, Pozo MO, Casabella CA, Palizas F Jr, Murias G, Moseinco MC, Kanoore Edul VS, Palizas F, Estenssoro E, Ince C. Increasing arterial blood pressure with norepinephrine does not improve microcirculatory blood flow: a prospective study. Crit Care. 2009;13(3):R92. doi: 10.1186/cc7922. Epub 2009 Jun 17.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Brain Trauma Foundation; American Association of Neurological Surgeons; Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, AANS/CNS; Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, McConnell Hammond FF, Harris OA, Hartl R, Manley GT, Nemecek A, Newell DW, Rosenthal G, Schouten J, Shutter L, Timmons SD, Ullman JS, Videtta W, Wilberger JE, Wright DW. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. XIV. Hyperventilation. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24 Suppl 1:S87-90. doi: 10.1089/neu.2007.9982. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Boerma EC, Ince C. The role of vasoactive agents in the resuscitation of microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 2010 Dec;36(12):2004-18. doi: 10.1007/s00134-010-1970-x. Epub 2010 Sep 2.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Sahuquillo J, Amoros S, Santos A, Poca MA, Panzardo H, Dominguez L, Pedraza S. Does an increase in cerebral perfusion pressure always mean a better oxygenated brain? A study in head-injured patients. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2000;76:457-62. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6346-7_95.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Hahn GH, Hyttel-Sorensen S, Petersen SM, Pryds O, Greisen G. Cerebral effects of commonly used vasopressor-inotropes: a study in newborn piglets. PLoS One. 2013 May 20;8(5):e63069. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063069. Print 2013.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Nissen P, Brassard P, Jorgensen TB, Secher NH. Phenylephrine but not ephedrine reduces frontal lobe oxygenation following anesthesia-induced hypotension. Neurocrit Care. 2010 Feb;12(1):17-23. doi: 10.1007/s12028-009-9313-x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Meng L, Cannesson M, Alexander BS, Yu Z, Kain ZN, Cerussi AE, Tromberg BJ, Mantulin WW. Effect of phenylephrine and ephedrine bolus treatment on cerebral oxygenation in anaesthetized patients. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Aug;107(2):209-17. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer150. Epub 2011 Jun 3.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Soeding PF, Hoy S, Hoy G, Evans M, Royse CF. Effect of phenylephrine on the haemodynamic state and cerebral oxygen saturation during anaesthesia in the upright position. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Aug;111(2):229-34. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet024. Epub 2013 Mar 21.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Jespersen SN, Ostergaard L. The roles of cerebral blood flow, capillary transit time heterogeneity, and oxygen tension in brain oxygenation and metabolism. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012 Feb;32(2):264-77. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.153. Epub 2011 Nov 2.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ostergaard L, Jespersen SN, Mouridsen K, Mikkelsen IK, Jonsdottir KY, Tietze A, Blicher JU, Aamand R, Hjort N, Iversen NK, Cai C, Hougaard KD, Simonsen CZ, Von Weitzel-Mudersbach P, Modrau B, Nagenthiraja K, Riisgaard Ribe L, Hansen MB, Bekke SL, Dahlman MG, Puig J, Pedraza S, Serena J, Cho TH, Siemonsen S, Thomalla G, Fiehler J, Nighoghossian N, Andersen G. The role of the cerebral capillaries in acute ischemic stroke: the extended penumbra model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 May;33(5):635-48. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.18. Epub 2013 Feb 27.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ostergaard L, Aamand R, Karabegovic S, Tietze A, Blicher JU, Mikkelsen IK, Iversen NK, Secher N, Engedal TS, Anzabi M, Jimenez EG, Cai C, Koch KU, Naess-Schmidt ET, Obel A, Juul N, Rasmussen M, Sorensen JC. The role of the microcirculation in delayed cerebral ischemia and chronic degenerative changes after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Dec;33(12):1825-37. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.173. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ostergaard L, Engedal TS, Aamand R, Mikkelsen R, Iversen NK, Anzabi M, Naess-Schmidt ET, Drasbek KR, Bay V, Blicher JU, Tietze A, Mikkelsen IK, Hansen B, Jespersen SN, Juul N, Sorensen JC, Rasmussen M. Capillary transit time heterogeneity and flow-metabolism coupling after traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014 Oct;34(10):1585-98. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.131. Epub 2014 Jul 23.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Petersen KD, Landsfeldt U, Cold GE, Petersen CB, Mau S, Hauerberg J, Holst P, Olsen KS. Intracranial pressure and cerebral hemodynamic in patients with cerebral tumors: a randomized prospective study of patients subjected to craniotomy in propofol-fentanyl, isoflurane-fentanyl, or sevoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2003 Feb;98(2):329-36. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200302000-00010.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Cold GE, Tange M, Jensen TM, Ottesen S. "Subdural' pressure measurement during craniotomy. Correlation with tactile estimation of dural tension and brain herniation after opening of dura. Br J Neurosurg. 1996 Feb;10(1):69-75. doi: 10.1080/02688699650040548.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Ostergaard L, Weisskoff RM, Chesler DA, Gyldensted C, Rosen BR. High resolution measurement of cerebral blood flow using intravascular tracer bolus passages. Part I: Mathematical approach and statistical analysis. Magn Reson Med. 1996 Nov;36(5):715-25. doi: 10.1002/mrm.1910360510.
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BACKGROUND
Mouridsen K, Hansen MB, Ostergaard L, Jespersen SN. Reliable estimation of capillary transit time distributions using DSC-MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014 Sep;34(9):1511-21. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.111. Epub 2014 Jun 18.
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BACKGROUND
Hansen B, Lund TE, Sangill R, Jespersen SN. Experimentally and computationally fast method for estimation of a mean kurtosis. Magn Reson Med. 2013 Jun;69(6):1754-60. doi: 10.1002/mrm.24743. Epub 2013 Apr 15.
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BACKGROUND
Blomqvist G. On the construction of functional maps in positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1984 Dec;4(4):629-32. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.1984.89.
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BACKGROUND
Ohta S, Meyer E, Fujita H, Reutens DC, Evans A, Gjedde A. Cerebral [15O]water clearance in humans determined by PET: I. Theory and normal values. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1996 Sep;16(5):765-80. doi: 10.1097/00004647-199609000-00002.
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BACKGROUND
Ohta S, Meyer E, Thompson CJ, Gjedde A. Oxygen consumption of the living human brain measured after a single inhalation of positron emitting oxygen. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1992 Mar;12(2):179-92. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.1992.28.
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BACKGROUND
Radiation dose to patients from radiopharmaceuticals (addendum 2 to ICRP publication 53). Ann ICRP. 1998;28(3):1-126. doi: 10.1016/s0146-6453(99)00006-8.
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Mak PH, Campbell RC, Irwin MG; American Society of Anesthesiologists. The ASA Physical Status Classification: inter-observer consistency. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2002 Oct;30(5):633-40. doi: 10.1177/0310057X0203000516.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Related Links
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https://pro.medicin.dk/Medicin/Praeparater/3206
Product resume on Phenylephrine
https://pro.medicin.dk/Medicin/Praeparater/3205
Product resume on Ephedrine
Other Identifiers
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Vasobrain01
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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COMPLETED
NA
Carbon Monoxide's Headache Inducing Characteristics and Effects on the Cerebral Arteries and Blood Flow
NCT02066558
COMPLETED
NA
Effects of Prostacyclin Infusion on Cerebral Vessels and Metabolism in Patients With Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
NCT01447095
COMPLETED
PHASE2
Compared Efficacy and Tolerance of Two Vasopressors Used to Treat Preoperative Hypotension During Carotid Surgery
NCT01794273
COMPLETED
PHASE4
Effect of Sodium Nitroprusside on Cerebral Blood Flow
NCT03317652
COMPLETED
NA
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Brain Homeostasis and Neurocognitive Outcome
NCT04266665
COMPLETED
PHASE4
Dexmedetomidine and Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
NCT01664520
COMPLETED
PHASE1/PHASE2
Analgesia-first Minimal Sedation for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Early Antihypertensive Treatment
NCT03207100
COMPLETED
NA
Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
NCT01565590
TERMINATED
PHASE3
Vasospasm in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
NCT01461902
COMPLETED
Combined Vasopressin, Methylprednisolone, and Epinephrine for Inhospital Cardiac Arrest
NCT00411879
COMPLETED
PHASE2
Feasibility Study of Normobaric Oxygen Delivered by a High Flow Concentrator in the Treatment of Chronic Headache
NCT02302027
UNKNOWN
NA
Cerebral Oxymetry in Traumatic Brain Injury
NCT01940861
UNKNOWN
Vasopressin, Epinephrine, and Steroids for Cardiac Arrest
NCT00729794
COMPLETED
PHASE3
Effect of GTN and Diamox Measured by BOLD-Response.
NCT00363792
UNKNOWN
NA
Effect of Vasopressin, Steroid, and Epinephrine Treatment in Patients With Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest
NCT03317197
UNKNOWN
PHASE4
Early Propranolol After Traumatic Brain Injury: Phase II
NCT01202110
TERMINATED
PHASE2
Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Microvascular Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury
NCT05616910
ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION
PHASE2
Registry of Patients in Shock Treated With Vasopressin
NCT06422975
RECRUITING
Intermediate Normal Versus High Normal Oxygen Levels in the Emergency Department for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
NCT05464277
TERMINATED
NA
Hypertonic Resuscitation Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
NCT00316004
TERMINATED
PHASE3