IGRA and Mantoux Response in Children With Suspected Latent or Active TB Infection

NCT ID: NCT02653404

Last Updated: 2017-05-05

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: UNKNOWN
• Total Enrollment: 50 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2015-04-30
• Study Completion Date: 2020-12-31

Brief Summary

The aim of this project is to analyze the potential contribution of IGRA test QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube test (QTF-GIT, Cellestis Limited, Carnegie, Victoria, Australia) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB - active or latent) in pediatric subjects (0 and 17 year)s recently exposed to infection (indicated as "contacts") or with clinical suspicion of active TB, and to compare the results obtained with those of the TuberculinSkin Test (TST; gold standard). The project is expected to enroll up to 50 pediatric patients over a 4-year study. Children with access to Ambulatory structures or hospitalized at University Infectious Diseases Clinic or Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Siena, or with access to Ambulatory or hospitalized at Pediatric Clinic USL 9 Grosseto will be enrolled. Once obtained the informed consent of patients' parents or legal guardians, patients will be enrolled. The doctor will administer a clinical-anamnestic questionnaire, relative to the country of birth and residence, date of arrival in Italy and any stays in the country of origin (in case of foreign patient), travels abroad, risk factors for infectious diseases, type of contact with any index case, previous vaccination with BCG, date and outcome of the TST, clinical symptoms and signs suggestive of active TB, report of any instrumental investigation. Together with the collection of blood samples for routine purposes, an additional blood sample will be taken so to run IGRA test. Also patients for whom their medical doctor will independently order to run QTF-GIT test as necessary tool for the clinical diagnosis of TB will be included in the study.

A retrospective analysis will be performed on patient pertaining to participant Clinics, from 1 January 2012 to 31 May 2015. Such analysis will be performed on those patients for which their medical doctor requested both intradermal Mantoux and IGRA test.

Expected results:

• estimation of concordance between QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube and TST in pediatric patients exposed to TB, with or without latent TB infection
• Evaluation of the sensitivity of the test QTF-GIT in patients with active tuberculosis disease
• Evaluation of specificity of testQTF-GIT in not infected patients
• Evaluation on the possible use of QTF-GIT, together with TST, to improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis latent or active infection in pediatric subjects.
• Evaluation of the possible diagnostic use of QTF-GIT in the child <5 years.

Detailed Description

The diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is a complex procedure. The commonly used test is the tuberculin skin test (TST), which shows significant limitations such as cross-reactivity with the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) used for vaccination, and other environmental mycobacteria, the possible influence of age and the immunological status of the patient, the need to return to the hospital for the re-reading of the intradermal reaction. Since 2001, the Food and Drug Administration approved the first of a series of new tests, called Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs), based on the release of interferon gamma by sensitized lymphocytes in the blood of the patient. Among them, the QuantiFERON-TBGold In Tube (QTF-GIT, Cellestis Limited, Carnegie, Victoria, Australia), is a highly specific test that measures, through an ELISA assay, the release of interferon-gamma production by lymphocytes in response to an antigenic challenge to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. The antigens used in the test QTF-GIT (ESAT-6, CFP-10 and the sequence of TB7.7) are in fact absent from the vaccine strain BCG and in most nontuberculous mycobacteria, giving to the QTF-GIT test greater specificity than TST. Moreover, being an in vitro test, it does not require a return visit to the reading of the result (this is particularly important in screening of contacts), which is instead carried out in an instrument (and therefore objective) and, finally, thanks to the presence of an internal positive control, it is possible to evaluate the performance of tests and reduce possible technical errors. The QTF-GIT test gave significant results in adults in terms of sensitivity and specificity, as demonstrated by a large scientific literature, and is currently used in many hospitals, in combination with the TST, for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Since September 2012, also the Siena University Hospital introduced the QTF-GIT assay as a diagnostic test for tuberculosis diagnosis in healthcare workers and in inpatient or outpatient tested positive TST requiring detailed diagnostic investigation (eg. Previous BCG vaccination, suspected atypical mycobacteriosis, eruptive events or other skin changes that contraindicate performing intradermal reaction).

Despite the important results obtained with the test QTF-GIT in adults, studies of specificity and sensitivity of the tests conducted in the pediatric age group are still limited. Some studies have shown a high specificity, while the sensitivity appears lower than the TST. The data are discordant, however, between the different studies, complicated by the fact that there is no real-Gold standard for the diagnosis of latent TB, and hence, further analysis is still needed.

While in adults the risk of progression from latent infection to active pulmonary disease is about 5-10%, in infants (<1 year old) this value increases up to about 30-40%, therefore the diagnosis and the treatment of latent infections is more than ever necessary to reduce the risk of developing the disease. Thus an urgent need to identify specific and sensitive diagnostic tools that would enable better diagnosis of TB in childhood, particularly in the age group under 5 years, as clearly expressed also by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in guidelines "Use of Interferon-gamma release assays in support of TB diagnosis" and by the resolution of the Regional Council of Tuscany Region n. 677 of 8.4.2014.

The aim of this project is to analyze the potential contribution of IGRA test, QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube test (QTF-GIT, Cellestis Limited, Carnegie, Victoria, Australia) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB - active or latent) in pediatric subjects aged between 0 and 17 years recently exposed to infection (indicated as "contacts") or with clinical suspicion of active TB, and to compare the results obtained with those of the TuberculinSkin Test (TST), which is the gold standard. The research project is expected to enroll up to 50 pediatric patients (0- 17 years) over a 4-year study. Children with access to Ambulatory structures or hospitalized at University Infectious Diseases Clinic or Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Siena, or with access to Ambulatory or hospitalized at Pediatric Clinic USL 9 Grosseto will be enrolled. Once obtained the informed consent of patients' parents or legal guardians, patients will be enrolled. The doctor will administer a clinical-anamnestic questionnaire (CRF), relative to the country of birth and residence, date of arrival in Italy and any stays in the country of origin (in case of foreign patient), travels abroad, risk factors for infectious diseases, type of contact with any index case, previous vaccination with BCG, date and outcome of the TST, clinical symptoms and signs suggestive of active TB, report of any instrumental investigation. Together with the collection of blood samples for routine purposes, an additional blood sample will be taken so to run experimental IGRA test. Also patients for whom their medical doctor will independently order to run QTF-GIT test as necessary tool for the clinical diagnosis of TB will be included in the study.

A retrospective analysis will be performed on patient pertaining to participant Clinics, from 1 January 2012 to 31 May 2015. Such analysis will be performed on those patients for which their medical doctor requested both intradermal Mantoux and IGRA test.

Main objectives:

1. Estimation of concordance between QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube and TST in pediatric patients exposed to TB

2. Evaluation of the sensitivity of the test QTF-GIT in patients with active tuberculosis disease

3. Evaluation of specificity of test QTF-GIT in not infected patients

Secondary objectives:

• Evaluation of the possible use of QTF-GIT, together with TST, to improve the diagnosis of latent or active tuberculosis infection in pediatric subjects.
• Evaluation of the possible diagnostic use of QTF-GIT in the child, with special attention to children <5 years.

Conditions

Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Interferon-gamma Release Tests; Tuberculin Test

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: CASE_ONLY
• Study Time Perspective: OTHER

Study Groups

Cases

A blood sample necessary to perform QFT-GIT will be taken, together with other routine blood samples, from children with following diagnosis:

• latent tuberculous infection: active TB contact, TST positive, lack of clinical and RX signs of active-TB
• active TB: clinical and radiologic evidences of active-TB, positivity to microbial tests to BK
• not infected: patients evaluated as TB contacts, with negative TST and negative clinical/radiological/microbial results for TB.

IGRA test (QTF-GIT)

Intervention Type: OTHER

blood sample for QFT-GIT will be taken together with other routine blood samples

Interventions

IGRA test (QTF-GIT)

blood sample for QFT-GIT will be taken together with other routine blood samples

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Age between 0 to 17 years
• Willingness to provide informed consent (parents or legal guardians)
• Contact with TB case and/or clinical suspect of active TB

Exclusion Criteria

• Acquired or congenital immune deficiencies
• Oncohematologic diseases

• Minimum Eligible Age: 1 Month
• Maximum Eligible Age: 17 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

University of Siena

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Francesca Montagnani

Dr.

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Francesca Montagnani, PhD, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Università di Siena - Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria alle Scotte

Locations

UOC Pediatria, USL9, Grosseto

Grosseto, GR, Italy

Site Status: RECRUITING

UOC Pediatria c/o Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Mario Bracci 16

Siena, SI, Italy

Site Status: RECRUITING

UOC Malattie Infettive Universitarie c/o Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Mario Bracci 16

Siena, , Italy

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

Italy

Central Contacts

Francesca Montagnani, PhD, MD

Role: CONTACT

francesca.montagnani@unisi.it

++39 0577586562

Facility Contacts

Leonardo Croci, Dr

Role: primary

l.croci@usl9.toscana.it

Marina Vascotto, Dr

Role: primary

vascotto@unisi.it

Francesca Montagnani, MD, PhD

Role: primary

francesca.montagnani@unisi.it

References

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Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 8110954 (View on PubMed)

Andersen P, Munk ME, Pollock JM, Doherty TM. Specific immune-based diagnosis of tuberculosis. Lancet. 2000 Sep 23;356(9235):1099-104. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02742-2.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 11009160 (View on PubMed)

Munoz L, Santin M. Interferon-gamma release assays versus tuberculin skin test for targeting people for tuberculosis preventive treatment: an evidence-based review. J Infect. 2013 Apr;66(4):381-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.12.005. Epub 2013 Jan 5.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 23298892 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 21030451 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 23058005 (View on PubMed)

Sollai S, Galli L, de Martino M, Chiappini E. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the utility of Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: a 2013 update. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S6. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-S1-S6. Epub 2014 Jan 8.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 24564486 (View on PubMed)

Blandinieres A, de Lauzanne A, Guerin-El Khourouj V, Gourgouillon N, See H, Pedron B, Faye A, Sterkers G. QuantiFERON to diagnose infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: performance in infants and older children. J Infect. 2013 Nov;67(5):391-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.06.011. Epub 2013 Jun 22.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 23796868 (View on PubMed)

Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Hesseling AC, Obihara CC, Starke JJ, Enarson DA, Donald PR, Beyers N. The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004 Apr;8(4):392-402.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 15141729 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

IGRAManPed2014

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id