Blood Loss Reduction After Total Knee Arthroplasty. Comparison Topical Tranexamic Acid vs Platelet Rich Plasma

NCT ID: NCT02650856

Last Updated: 2021-05-26

Study Results

Results available

Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.

View full results

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

40 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2015-09-30

Study Completion Date

2017-03-09

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The investigators will include patients who will be schedule for total knee arthroplasty with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis. The patients will be divided in two groups. In both groups a verbal and clear detailed information will be given on the intraoperative approach. The first group will receive topical tranexamic acid and the second group topical platelet rich plasma; both in the surgical site. Both groups will be assessed before and after the intervention with laboratory results (hemoglobin, hematocrit levels) and drainage drain.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Total knee replacement (TKR) surgery is one the most common orthopedic procedure in the world. Morbidity in perioperative TKR is associated with: blood loss, pain, infection, wound complications, stiffness, and thrombotic events. Blood loss and transfusion have been associated with an increased hospital stay, costs, morbidity, and mortality. Indications for blood transfusions are now limited and it is well known that is not a free risk procedure. Complications such as; ABO incompatibility, viral transmission, hemolysis, immunosuppression, and wound infection have been reported.

Literature reports have reported blood loss in TKR ranging from 300ml to 1 liter, and transfusion rate varying from 10-38%. In diminishing hospital cost Moskal J. et al. reported 53.90% of savings and a 100% reduction in working hours of the hospital staff using topical tranexamic acid in TKR. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent that acts inhibiting the plasminogen, stabilizing the blood clot; it is used to stop surgical or traumatic bleeding like in the CRASH-2 trial, demonstrating its efficiency in polytraumatized patients. Tranexamic acid has been used in the last years for blood loss with good results. Due to its systemic effects and past medical history of myocardial infarction, stents, and previous thromboembolic events its intravenous use is limited. In this study, the investigators used topical tranexamic acid and its use has been proven in clinical trials as a secure strategy for blood loss reduction in TKR, without excluding patients with previous thromboembolic events.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an orthobiologic that has played an important role over the past decade in different areas like; spinal fusion, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, osteoarthritis, and tendinopathies. The use of PRP in orthopedics is overrated and true indications for its use and cost-benefit are still unclear. Retrospective studies like Pace T et al in 268 patients did not demonstrate differences in-hospital stay, Postoperative hemoglobin levels, and range of motion using PRP in TKR. Morishita M. et al. in a clinical trial of 40 patients, using intralesional PRP didn´t show any benefits for blood loss reduction in TKR, but good clinical results were observed in clinical scores like Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) compared to the control group. Other studies have demonstrated the efficacy of topical PRP in blood loss reduction in TKR.

Due to its high platelet concentration and growth factors contained in the alfa granules; it is used as a hemostatic, analgesic, and antiseptic agent in TKR.

There is a variety of blood loss prevention strategies for TKR and these strategies can be divided into preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative. This study aimed to compare the use of topical tranexamic acid versus topical platelet-rich plasma.

An Insall knee approach, parapatellar medial will be used in all the patients. After the final cuts of the femoral, tibial and patellar and before placing the final cemented components the experimental intervention of the study will begin.

Group 1. A dose of 2 gr of tranexamic acid (1000mg/10 mL X-GEN pharmaceuticals inc.) is diluted in 80 mL of physiologic solution and will be divided into two applications:

First application: 40 mL of the solution previously prepared is applied over the surgical site and it will be left for five minutes then drained out completely by suction.

Second application: The rest of the 40 mL of solution previously prepared is applied after placing the final TKR cemented components (femoral, tibial, and patellar), over the surgical site and leaving it there without draining it by suction.

Group 2. In the preoperative room with previous premedication, a total of 55 mL of total venous blood is obtained from the forearm (cubital o basilic veins). The blood is carried on 12 sterile tubes using sodium citrate at 3.8% (BD, Vacutainer; Becton, Dickinson and Company, NJ). Blood samples are then transported to the Bone and Tissue Bank for centrifugation (1800 rpm for 10 minutes) to separate blood into the 3 layers (White, yellow and red). The superior layer rich in plasma will be collected in 50 microliters polypropylene tubes (Corning, NY). A final volume of 16 ml of platelet-rich plasma is obtained and transferred to airtight tubes (BD Vacutainer; Becton, Dickinson and Company, NJ). The manipulation of the blood samples is made on laminar flow cabin biosecurity class II (Logic 3440801; Labconco, KC). The platelet-rich plasma will be activated with calcium gluconate at 10% (Pisa Farmacéutica, Jalisco, México) before using it is placed in the surgical site topically. The PRP simple will be divided into two applications, initiating the intervention after the final cuts of the TKR components (like the tranexamic acid group).

First application: 8 ml of PRP are applied over the surgical site and are left for five minutes then drained out completely by suction.

Second application: The rest of the 8 ml are applied over the surgical site after placing the final TKR cemented components (femoral, tibial, and patellar), over the surgical site and leaving it without draining.

Then a primary closure of the wound is performed (capsule, fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin) in both groups. Close drainage (Drenovac, NEdren S de R.L. de C.V.) is left intraarticular and fixed to the skin. The drainage will be clamped for 2 hours and removed at the 48 hours of the surgery. Thromboprophylaxis (low weight heparin) will be initiated after 6 hours of the end of the surgery. In the postoperative follow-up, any patient with hemoglobin levels less than 9mg/dL with the anemic syndrome will be transfused.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Osteoarthritis

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Group 1 Tranexamic acid

A dosis of 2 gr of tranexamic acid (1000mg/10ml X-GEN pharmaceuticals inc.) diluted in 80ml of physiologic solution and will be divided in two applications.

First application: 40ml of the solution previously prepared is applied over the surgical site and it will be left for five minutes then drained out completely by suction.

Second application: The rest of 40ml of solution previously prepared is applied after placing the final TKR components (femoral, tibial and patellar), over the surgical site and leaving it without draining it by suction.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Group 1 Tranexamic Acid

Intervention Type DRUG

2 gr of tranexamic acid will be applied on the surgical site.

Group 2 Platelet rich plasma

A final volumen of 16 ml of platelet rich plasma is obtained from the forearm vein of the patient and will be divided in two applications.

First application: 8 ml of PRP are applied over the surgical site and are left for five minutes then drained out completely by suction.

Second application: The rest of the 8 ml are applied after placing the final TKR cemented components (femoral, tibial and patellar), over the surgical site and leaving it without draining.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Group 2 Platelet rich plasma

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

16ml of platelet rich plasma will be applied of the surgical site

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Group 1 Tranexamic Acid

2 gr of tranexamic acid will be applied on the surgical site.

Intervention Type DRUG

Group 2 Platelet rich plasma

16ml of platelet rich plasma will be applied of the surgical site

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

Topic Tranexamic Acid PRP

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

1. Age \>18 years
2. Patient candidates for primary total knee replacement
3. Patients willing to participate in the study and sign de inform consent

Exclusion Criteria

1. Patients with previous history of thromboembolic event in the last 6 months
2. Patients candidates for revision total knee replacement
3. Patients candidates for tumoral total knee replacement
4. Patients candidates for bilateral total knee replacement
5. Patient with cognitive deficit
6. Previous history of coagulopathy
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

FELIX VILCHEZ CAVAZOS

Dr. med. José Félix Vilchez Cavazos

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Felix Vilchez, MD, PHD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Facultad de Medicina UANL

Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Mexico

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Levine BR, Haughom B, Strong B, Hellman M, Frank RM. Blood management strategies for total knee arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014 Jun;22(6):361-71. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-22-06-361.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24860132 (View on PubMed)

Wind TC, Barfield WR, Moskal JT. The effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss and transfusion rate in primary total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2013 Aug;28(7):1080-3. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2012.11.016. Epub 2013 Mar 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23541868 (View on PubMed)

Frisch NB, Wessell NM, Charters MA, Yu S, Jeffries JJ, Silverton CD. Predictors and complications of blood transfusion in total hip and knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2014 Sep;29(9 Suppl):189-92. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.03.048. Epub 2014 May 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25007727 (View on PubMed)

Moskal JT, Harris RN, Capps SG. Transfusion cost savings with tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty from 2009 to 2012. J Arthroplasty. 2015 Mar;30(3):365-8. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.10.008. Epub 2014 Oct 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25458093 (View on PubMed)

CRASH-2 trial collaborators; Shakur H, Roberts I, Bautista R, Caballero J, Coats T, Dewan Y, El-Sayed H, Gogichaishvili T, Gupta S, Herrera J, Hunt B, Iribhogbe P, Izurieta M, Khamis H, Komolafe E, Marrero MA, Mejia-Mantilla J, Miranda J, Morales C, Olaomi O, Olldashi F, Perel P, Peto R, Ramana PV, Ravi RR, Yutthakasemsunt S. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010 Jul 3;376(9734):23-32. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60835-5. Epub 2010 Jun 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20554319 (View on PubMed)

Sheth U, Simunovic N, Klein G, Fu F, Einhorn TA, Schemitsch E, Ayeni OR, Bhandari M. Efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma use for orthopaedic indications: a meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012 Feb 15;94(4):298-307. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.K.00154.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22241606 (View on PubMed)

Patel JN, Spanyer JM, Smith LS, Huang J, Yakkanti MR, Malkani AL. Comparison of intravenous versus topical tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized study. J Arthroplasty. 2014 Aug;29(8):1528-31. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.03.011. Epub 2014 Mar 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24768543 (View on PubMed)

Chimento GF, Huff T, Ochsner JL Jr, Meyer M, Brandner L, Babin S. An evaluation of the use of topical tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2013 Sep;28(8 Suppl):74-7. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.06.037.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24034510 (View on PubMed)

Georgiadis AG, Muh SJ, Silverton CD, Weir RM, Laker MW. A prospective double-blind placebo controlled trial of topical tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2013 Sep;28(8 Suppl):78-82. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.03.038. Epub 2013 Jul 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23906869 (View on PubMed)

Sarzaeem MM, Razi M, Kazemian G, Moghaddam ME, Rasi AM, Karimi M. Comparing efficacy of three methods of tranexamic acid administration in reducing hemoglobin drop following total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2014 Aug;29(8):1521-4. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.02.031. Epub 2014 Mar 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24726174 (View on PubMed)

Alshryda S, Mason J, Sarda P, Nargol A, Cooke N, Ahmad H, Tang S, Logishetty R, Vaghela M, McPartlin L, Hungin AP. Topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and transfusion rates following total hip replacement: a randomized controlled trial (TRANX-H). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013 Nov 6;95(21):1969-74. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.L.00908.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24196467 (View on PubMed)

Pace TB, Foret JL, Palmer MJ, Tanner SL, Snider RG. Intraoperative platelet rich plasma usage in total knee arthroplasty: does it help? ISRN Orthop. 2013 Jul 28;2013:740173. doi: 10.1155/2013/740173. eCollection 2013.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24971180 (View on PubMed)

Morishita M, Ishida K, Matsumoto T, Kuroda R, Kurosaka M, Tsumura N. Intraoperative platelet-rich plasma does not improve outcomes of total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2014 Dec;29(12):2337-41. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.04.007. Epub 2014 Apr 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24851794 (View on PubMed)

Aggarwal AK, Shashikanth VS, Marwaha N. Platelet-rich plasma prevents blood loss and pain and enhances early functional outcome after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomised controlled study. Int Orthop. 2014 Feb;38(2):387-95. doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-2136-6. Epub 2013 Oct 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24114251 (View on PubMed)

Bloomfield MR, Klika AK, Molloy RM, Froimson MI, Krebs VE, Barsoum WK. Prospective randomized evaluation of a collagen/thrombin and autologous platelet hemostatic agent during total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2012 May;27(5):695-702. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2011.09.014. Epub 2011 Oct 27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22035976 (View on PubMed)

Gardner MJ, Demetrakopoulos D, Klepchick PR, Mooar PA. The efficacy of autologous platelet gel in pain control and blood loss in total knee arthroplasty. An analysis of the haemoglobin, narcotic requirement and range of motion. Int Orthop. 2007 Jun;31(3):309-13. doi: 10.1007/s00264-006-0174-z. Epub 2006 Jul 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16816947 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.

Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Related Links

Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

OR15-007

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.

Autologous Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis
NCT01485198 COMPLETED PHASE1
PRP in ACLR to Prevent PTOA
NCT05412381 RECRUITING PHASE3