Study Results
Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.
View full resultsBasic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
COMPLETED
NA
1485 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2016-01-31
2019-06-30
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
Repeat CDs are a significant contributor to the increased cesarean rate, resulting from the combination of a rising rate of primary CD and a decreasing rate of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), which declined from a high of 28.3% in 1996 (Guide 2010) to 9.2% in 2010 (Hamilton 2011). Why the VBAC rate has decreased so dramatically remains a subject of debate; the extent to which these changes are driven by patient preferences is not known. An NIH consensus conference statement noted that "the informed consent process for TOLAC and Elective Repeat Cesarean Delivery (ERCD) should be evidence-based, minimize bias, and incorporate a strong emphasis on the values and preferences of pregnant women," and recommended "interprofessional collaboration to refine, validate, and implement decision-making and risk assessment tools" to accomplish that goal (Cunningham 2010).
Our group recently created a decision tool, which we refer to as the Prior CD App (PCDA), to help English- or Spanish-speaking TOLAC-eligible women delivering at hospitals that offer TOLAC consider individualized risk assessments, incorporate their values and preferences, and participate in a shared decision making process with their providers to make informed decisions about delivery approach. We are now conducting a randomized study of the effect of a Prior CD App on TOLAC and VBAC rates, as well as a number of aspects of decision quality.
Related Clinical Trials
Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.
Survey of Women's Choice of Delivery Before Consulting With Her Obstetrician
NCT02010671
Planned Mode of Delivery After Caesarean: a Comparative Prospective National Population-based Cohort Study
NCT05439733
Routine Maternal Leg Movements During the Second Stage and the Rate of Operative Deliveries
NCT03510130
A Multimedia Presentation to Augment the Informed Consent Process for Anesthesia for Patients Undergoing Scheduled Caesarian Delivery
NCT06945250
Outcomes of Neuraxial Anesthetic Technique on the Trial of Labor After Cesarean (TOLAC)
NCT02105558
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
SINGLE
Study Groups
Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.
Prior CD Decision App (PCDDA)
Women who are randomized to PCDDA will be provided access to a tablet which they can use to view the Prior CD Decision App at their own pace. The research assistant will print a summary of the participant's predicted likelihood of a vaginal delivery (VBAC) if she undergoes a trial of labor (TOLAC), as well as her answers to the values clarification exercises, that she can review and share with whomever she chooses, including her provider.
Prior CD Decision App
The Prior CD Decision App begins with an explanation that its goal is to help the user better understand the two approaches to delivery she is eligible for (trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) and elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD)), and that its goal is to help her engage with her provide in making an informed, shared decision regarding which approach to undergo. It includes four sections: a calculator to estimate the likelihood of having a vaginal delivery if she undergoes TOLAC, a series of information pages that include graphical presentations of the chances of various potential outcomes of the two options, a series of values clarification exercises to help the user think through what's important to her, and a summary print out for her to keep.
Usual Care - No App
Women randomized to the Usual Care - No App group will simply continue with usual care.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.
Prior CD Decision App
The Prior CD Decision App begins with an explanation that its goal is to help the user better understand the two approaches to delivery she is eligible for (trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) and elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD)), and that its goal is to help her engage with her provide in making an informed, shared decision regarding which approach to undergo. It includes four sections: a calculator to estimate the likelihood of having a vaginal delivery if she undergoes TOLAC, a series of information pages that include graphical presentations of the chances of various potential outcomes of the two options, a series of values clarification exercises to help the user think through what's important to her, and a summary print out for her to keep.
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
2. Current singleton pregnancy.
3. Gestational age, 12-24 weeks.
4. English or Spanish speaker.
5. Must be receiving prenatal care at one of the participating centers.
Exclusion Criteria
2. Prior VBAC.
18 Years
FEMALE
No
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
Northwestern Memorial Hospital
OTHER
Massachusetts General Hospital
OTHER
Marin Community Clinics
OTHER
Sutter Health
OTHER
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
NIH
University of California, San Francisco
OTHER
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
Principal Investigators
Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.
Miriam Kupperman, PhD, MPH
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of California, San Francisco
Locations
Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.
Sutter Health, California Pacific Medical Center, St. Luke's Campus
San Francisco, California, United States
UCSF
San Francisco, California, United States
Marin Community Clinic
San Rafael, California, United States
Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Countries
Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
Bernstein SN, Matalon-Grazi S, Rosenn BM. Trial of labor versus repeat cesarean: are patients making an informed decision? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Sep;207(3):204.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.06.057. Epub 2012 Jul 4.
Farnworth A, Robson SC, Thomson RG, Watson DB, Murtagh MJ. Decision support for women choosing mode of delivery after a previous caesarean section: a developmental study. Patient Educ Couns. 2008 Apr;71(1):116-24. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2007.11.020. Epub 2008 Feb 6.
O'Connor AM. Validation of a decisional conflict scale. Med Decis Making. 1995 Jan-Mar;15(1):25-30. doi: 10.1177/0272989X9501500105.
Kriston L, Scholl I, Holzel L, Simon D, Loh A, Harter M. The 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). Development and psychometric properties in a primary care sample. Patient Educ Couns. 2010 Jul;80(1):94-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2009.09.034. Epub 2009 Oct 30.
Holmes-Rovner M, Kroll J, Schmitt N, Rovner DR, Breer ML, Rothert ML, Padonu G, Talarczyk G. Patient satisfaction with health care decisions: the satisfaction with decision scale. Med Decis Making. 1996 Jan-Mar;16(1):58-64. doi: 10.1177/0272989X9601600114.
Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Ventura SJ. Births: preliminary data for 2012. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2013 Sep;62(3):1-20.
Guise J-M, Eden K, Emeis C, Denman MA, Marshall N, Fu R, Janik R, Nygren P, Walker M, McDonagh M. Vaginal birth after cesarean: New insights. Evidence report/Technology assessment no.191. (prepared by the Oregon Health & Science University Evidence-based Practice Center under contract no. 290-2007-10057-I). AHRQ publication no. 10-E003. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. March 2010.
Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Ventura SJ, Osterman MJ, Kirmeyer S, Mathews TJ, Wilson EC. Births: final data for 2009. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2011 Nov 3;60(1):1-70.
Grobman WA, Lai Y, Landon MB, Spong CY, Rouse DJ, Varner MW, Caritis SN, Harper M, Wapner RJ, Sorokin Y; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. The change in the rate of vaginal birth after caesarean section. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2011 Jan;25(1):37-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01169.x. Epub 2010 Oct 25.
Landon MB, Hauth JC, Leveno KJ, Spong CY, Leindecker S, Varner MW, Moawad AH, Caritis SN, Harper M, Wapner RJ, Sorokin Y, Miodovnik M, Carpenter M, Peaceman AM, O'Sullivan MJ, Sibai B, Langer O, Thorp JM, Ramin SM, Mercer BM, Gabbe SG; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with a trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med. 2004 Dec 16;351(25):2581-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa040405. Epub 2004 Dec 14.
Macones GA, Peipert J, Nelson DB, Odibo A, Stevens EJ, Stamilio DM, Pare E, Elovitz M, Sciscione A, Sammel MD, Ratcliffe SJ. Maternal complications with vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: a multicenter study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Nov;193(5):1656-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.04.002.
Lavin JP, Stephens RJ, Miodovnik M, Barden TP. Vaginal delivery in patients with a prior cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Feb;59(2):135-48.
Silver RM. Delivery after previous cesarean: long-term maternal outcomes. Semin Perinatol. 2010 Aug;34(4):258-66. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2010.03.006.
Lydon-Rochelle M, Holt VL, Martin DP, Easterling TR. Association between method of delivery and maternal rehospitalization. JAMA. 2000 May 10;283(18):2411-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.283.18.2411.
Kuppermann M, Kaimal AJ, Blat C, Gonzalez J, Thiet MP, Bermingham Y, Altshuler AL, Bryant AS, Bacchetti P, Grobman WA. Effect of a Patient-Centered Decision Support Tool on Rates of Trial of Labor After Previous Cesarean Delivery: The PROCEED Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020 Jun 2;323(21):2151-2159. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.5952.
Provided Documents
Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.
Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
Related Links
Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.
Decisional Conflict Scale
Decision Self-Efficacy Scale
Other Identifiers
More Related Trials
Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.