Tocotrienol Against the Progression of End Stage Liver Disease

NCT ID: NCT02581085

Last Updated: 2025-09-29

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE2

Total Enrollment

70 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-11-01

Study Completion Date

2028-12-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this Phase 2 trial is to validate the outcome observed in a previous trial that oral Tocotrienol (TCT) attenuates the rise in MELD score over time in patients with end stage liver disease / cirrhosis. The study is double blind and participants will be randomized to take 2 capsules of TCT (200mg) or placebo twice a day for 3 years.

Detailed Description

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Tocotrienol (TCT) is a natural vitamin E supplement with a long history of safe dietary consumption. Prior studies with Vitamin E have shown beneficial effects in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis. The primary purpose of this Phase 2 trial is to validate the outcome observed in an earlier trial that oral TCT attenuates the rise in MELD (Model For End-Stage Liver Disease) score over time in patients with cirrhosis. Outcomes of this trail will direct the design of a future larger multi-center trial.

Study participation will last 3 years. Subjects will be seen for an initial visit, at which consent will be obtained and baseline labs drawn, followed by a Randomization visit 2-14 days later after MELD criteria have been confirmed. If the acceptable labs have not been drawn per standard of care to calculate a MELD score within 90 days before the initial visit, the subject will complete the initial visit as planned, but will then return for a repeat lab draw 60 days later to confirm MELD criteria for eligibility before continuing to the randomization visit.

Enrollment occurs when a subject meets all criteria and is randomized into one of the treatment groups. Subjects will then be seen in the research office by research personnel at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, 2 years, and 3 years. Subject compliance with supplements will be closely followed, as compliance is critical for accurate data. Given the small sample size, subjects who are less than 75% compliant at two consecutive study visits will be discontinued from the study. Subjects will be discontinued if their MELD score increases by more than 25% between 2 consecutive visits or if they receive an organ transplant. Subjects will be declared lost to follow-up (LTFU) if a study visit is unable to be scheduled and completed after 4 documented attempts to contact a subject with no response. In this circumstance, a certified letter will be mailed to the subject's last known address; if no response is received, the subject is LTFU. All subjects discontinued or LTFU before the end of 1 year of study participation will be replaced (see protocol to review study visit activities that will occur). At the Randomization Visit, enrolled subjects will be randomized into one of two treatment groups in a 1:1 manner. Group 1: Placebo vehicle; (2) placebo capsules following AM meal, (2) placebo capsules following PM meal Group 2: 800mg TCT; (2) 200mg TCT capsules following AM meal, (2) 200mg TCT capsules following PM meal.

Conditions

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End Stage Liver Disease NASH - Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis NAFLD - Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Caregivers

Study Groups

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Placebo Vehicle

Subjects will take 2 placebo capsules following AM meal, 2 placebo capsules following PM capsules

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo

Intervention Type OTHER

Control study capsule that includes no study product (Vitamin E - Tocotrienol)

Tocotrienol supplement

Subjects will take (2) 200 mg TCT capsules following AM meal, (2) 200 mg TCT following PM meal

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Tocotrienol (TCT)

Intervention Type DRUG

TCT is a natural vitamin E supplement with a long history of safe dietary consumption in humans. The objective of the current trial is to validate the outcome observed in an earlier trial that oral TCT attenuates the rise in MELD score over time in patients with end stage liver disease/cirrhosis.

Interventions

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Tocotrienol (TCT)

TCT is a natural vitamin E supplement with a long history of safe dietary consumption in humans. The objective of the current trial is to validate the outcome observed in an earlier trial that oral TCT attenuates the rise in MELD score over time in patients with end stage liver disease/cirrhosis.

Intervention Type DRUG

Placebo

Control study capsule that includes no study product (Vitamin E - Tocotrienol)

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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vehicle

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age 18 years of above, male or female
* ESLD patients with clinically- diagnosed NAFLD or NASH
* Absence of any other possible cause for liver dysfunction
* Stable MELD score of at least 8, but no greater than 17 with \<25% change in MELD over the past 60 days prior to enrollment (\*Total number of patients with MELD of 8-9 or MELD of 16-17 cannot exceed 40% of cohort)
* Able to speak and understand English
* Willing and able to provide informed consent
* Willing and able to return for regularly scheduled research study visits \& comply with study requirements

Exclusion Criteria

1. Rapid deterioration of liver function, as defined by an increase in MELD score ≥25% over the past 60 days prior to enrollment
2. Hepatocellular carcinoma
3. Positive HIV/AIDS, or other chronic immunodeficiency
4. Concurrent hepatitis B or C infection
5. Current drug and/or alcohol abuse (per treating physician)
6. Bacterial infection at time of enrollment
7. Daily use of dedicated vitamin E supplementation (greater than 100 IU per day) within the 3 months prior to study participation
8. Platelets \<35,000 cells/µL, neutrophils \<1000 cells/µL, hemoglobin \<10g/dL, total bilirubin \>3mg/dL, serum creatinine \>2.0mg/dL
9. Women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or plan to become pregnant during course of study participation (36 months)
10. Other significant comorbidities which limit the subject's life expectancy to less than 36 months
11. Concurrent enrollment in another interventional clinical trial
12. ALT \>250 U/L
13. AST \> 250 U/L
14. Hemoglobin A1C ≥ 9.5 %
15. History of liver transplantation
16. Current or history of HCC
17. Any weight reduction surgery in the preceding 2 years prior to screening or planned surgery during the study
18. Malignancy within 5 years of screening with the exception of a Adequately treated carcinoma in situ of the cervix b. Adequately treated basal or squamous cell cancer or other localized non-melanoma skin cancer
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Malaysia Palm Oil Board

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

Indiana University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Chandan Sen

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Chandan Sen

Professor

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Chandan K Sen, Ph.D

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

University of Pittsburgh

Raj Vuppalanchi, M.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Indiana Unviersity School of Medicine

Locations

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IU Health Unviersity Hospital

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Patel V, Rink C, Gordillo GM, Khanna S, Gnyawali U, Roy S, Shneker B, Ganesh K, Phillips G, More JL, Sarkar A, Kirkpatrick R, Elkhammas EA, Klatte E, Miller M, Firstenberg MS, Chiocca EA, Nesaretnam K, Sen CK. Oral tocotrienols are transported to human tissues and delay the progression of the model for end-stage liver disease score in patients. J Nutr. 2012 Mar;142(3):513-9. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.151902. Epub 2012 Feb 1.

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Schwenger KJ, Allard JP. Clinical approaches to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Feb 21;20(7):1712-23. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1712.

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Review Team; LaBrecque DR, Abbas Z, Anania F, Ferenci P, Khan AG, Goh KL, Hamid SS, Isakov V, Lizarzabal M, Penaranda MM, Ramos JF, Sarin S, Stimac D, Thomson AB, Umar M, Krabshuis J, LeMair A; World Gastroenterology Organisation. World Gastroenterology Organisation global guidelines: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014 Jul;48(6):467-73. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000116. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Khanna S, Patel V, Rink C, Roy S, Sen CK. Delivery of orally supplemented alpha-tocotrienol to vital organs of rats and tocopherol-transport protein deficient mice. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005 Nov 15;39(10):1310-9. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.06.013.

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Khanna S, Rink C, Ghoorkhanian R, Gnyawali S, Heigel M, Wijesinghe DS, Chalfant CE, Chan YC, Banerjee J, Huang Y, Roy S, Sen CK. Loss of miR-29b following acute ischemic stroke contributes to neural cell death and infarct size. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2013 Aug;33(8):1197-206. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.68. Epub 2013 May 1.

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Khanna S, Roy S, Slivka A, Craft TK, Chaki S, Rink C, Notestine MA, DeVries AC, Parinandi NL, Sen CK. Neuroprotective properties of the natural vitamin E alpha-tocotrienol. Stroke. 2005 Oct;36(10):2258-64. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000181082.70763.22. Epub 2005 Sep 15.

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Park HA, Kubicki N, Gnyawali S, Chan YC, Roy S, Khanna S, Sen CK. Natural vitamin E alpha-tocotrienol protects against ischemic stroke by induction of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. Stroke. 2011 Aug;42(8):2308-14. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.608547. Epub 2011 Jun 30.

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Patel V, Khanna S, Roy S, Ezziddin O, Sen CK. Natural vitamin E alpha-tocotrienol: retention in vital organs in response to long-term oral supplementation and withdrawal. Free Radic Res. 2006 Jul;40(7):763-71. doi: 10.1080/10715760600672491.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16984003 (View on PubMed)

Rink C, Christoforidis G, Khanna S, Peterson L, Patel Y, Khanna S, Abduljalil A, Irfanoglu O, Machiraju R, Bergdall VK, Sen CK. Tocotrienol vitamin E protects against preclinical canine ischemic stroke by inducing arteriogenesis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2011 Nov;31(11):2218-30. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.85. Epub 2011 Jun 15.

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Khosla P, Patel V, Whinter JM, Khanna S, Rakhkovskaya M, Roy S, Sen CK. Postprandial levels of the natural vitamin E tocotrienol in human circulation. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006 May-Jun;8(5-6):1059-68. doi: 10.1089/ars.2006.8.1059.

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Mangialasche F, Solomon A, Kareholt I, Hooshmand B, Cecchetti R, Fratiglioni L, Soininen H, Laatikainen T, Mecocci P, Kivipelto M. Serum levels of vitamin E forms and risk of cognitive impairment in a Finnish cohort of older adults. Exp Gerontol. 2013 Dec;48(12):1428-35. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.09.006. Epub 2013 Oct 7.

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Meganathan P, Jabir RS, Fuang HG, Bhoo-Pathy N, Choudhury RB, Taib NA, Nesaretnam K, Chik Z. A new formulation of Gamma Delta Tocotrienol has superior bioavailability compared to existing Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction in healthy human subjects. Sci Rep. 2015 Sep 1;5:13550. doi: 10.1038/srep13550.

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Springett GM, Husain K, Neuger A, Centeno B, Chen DT, Hutchinson TZ, Lush RM, Sebti S, Malafa MP. A Phase I Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Presurgical Trial of Vitamin E delta-tocotrienol in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Neoplasia. EBioMedicine. 2015 Nov 14;2(12):1987-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.025. eCollection 2015 Dec.

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Other Identifiers

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136352

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

1807361301

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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