Trial Outcomes & Findings for The Role of the Rate of Force Application in Responses to Spinal Manipulation Therapy (NCT NCT02550132)

Results Overview

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

25 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

During the 150N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Results posted on

2016-02-05

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Overall Study STARTED	25
Overall Study COMPLETED	25
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

The Role of the Rate of Force Application in Responses to Spinal Manipulation Therapy

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Age, Continuous	24.76 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	10 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	15 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment Canada	25 participants n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 150N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Left T6 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	3.72 ratio Standard Error 0.68

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 150N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Left T8 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	2.83 ratio Standard Error 0.30

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 150N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Right T6 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	3.03 ratio Standard Error 0.35

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 150N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Right T8 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	3.51 ratio Standard Error 0.84

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 200N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Left T6 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	4.75 ratio Standard Error 0.76

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 200N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Left T8 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	4.12 ratio Standard Error 0.50

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 200N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Right T6 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	3.13 ratio Standard Error 0.33

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 200N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Right T8 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	3.46 ratio Standard Error 0.41

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 250N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Left T6 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	4.92 ratio Standard Error 0.91

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 250N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Left T8 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	4.03 ratio Standard Error 0.52

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 250N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Right T6 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	3.40 ratio Standard Error 0.40

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 250N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Right T8 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	3.57 ratio Standard Error 0.55

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 300N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Left T6 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	4.17 ratio Standard Error 0.53

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 300N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Left T8 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	4.80 ratio Standard Error 0.88

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 300N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Right T6 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	3.87 ratio Standard Error 0.64

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 300N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Normalized amplitude (RMS) of surface electromyography response. The normalisation was achieved by dividing the obtained RMS by the RMS value before thrust application.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Right T8 Normalized Root Mean Square (RMS) Value	3.79 ratio Standard Error 0.49

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 150N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Absolute posterior to anterior vertebral displacement during the spinal manipulation in centimeter

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Vertebral Displacement of the Sixth Thoracic Vertebra	0.81 cm Standard Error 0.04

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 150N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Absolute posterior to anterior vertebral displacement during the spinal manipulation in centimeter

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Vertebral Displacement of the Seventh Thoracic Vertebra	1.01 cm Standard Error 0.03

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 150N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Absolute posterior to anterior vertebral displacement during the spinal manipulation in centimeter

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Vertebral Displacement of the Eighth Thoracic Vertebra	0.76 cm Standard Error 0.04

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 200N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Absolute posterior to anterior vertebral displacement during the spinal manipulation in centimeter

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Vertebral Displacement of the Sixth Thoracic Vertebra	1.18 cm Standard Error 0.07

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 200N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Absolute posterior to anterior vertebral displacement during the spinal manipulation in centimeter

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Vertebral Displacement of the Seventh Thoracic Vertebra	1.32 cm Standard Error 0.06

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 200N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Absolute posterior to anterior vertebral displacement during the spinal manipulation in centimeter

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Vertebral Displacement of the Eighth Thoracic Vertebra	1.10 cm Standard Error 0.05

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 250N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Absolute posterior to anterior vertebral displacement during the spinal manipulation in centimeter

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Vertebral Displacement of the Sixth Thoracic Vertebra	1.48 cm Standard Error 0.06

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 250N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Absolute posterior to anterior vertebral displacement during the spinal manipulation in centimeter

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Vertebral Displacement of the Seventh Thoracic Vertebra	1.69 cm Standard Error 0.05

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 250N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Absolute posterior to anterior vertebral displacement during the spinal manipulation in centimeter

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Vertebral Displacement of the Eighth Thoracic Vertebra	1.40 cm Standard Error 0.05

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 300N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Absolute posterior to anterior vertebral displacement during the spinal manipulation in centimeter

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Vertebral Displacement of the Sixth Thoracic Vertebra	1.74 cm Standard Error 0.09

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 300N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Absolute posterior to anterior vertebral displacement during the spinal manipulation in centimeter

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Vertebral Displacement of the Seventh Thoracic Vertebra	1.40 cm Standard Error 0.08

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During the 300N spinal manipulation procedure, assessed up to 2 seconds following thrust onset

Absolute posterior to anterior vertebral displacement during the spinal manipulation in centimeter

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Participants n=25 Participants All volunteers will participate in an experimental session. Participants will be delivered four different spinal manipulations (SMT) at T7 with a rate of force application of about 2200 Newtons/seconds and a preload force of 25 Newtons (N). SMTs will differed in their time to peak force (ms) and peak force (N), respectively fixed as follow for each applied SMT: (1)57 ms / 150 N, (2)80 ms / 200 N, (3)102 ms / 250 N and (4)125 ms / 300 N.
Vertebral Displacement of the Eighth Thoracic Vertebra	1.70 cm Standard Error 0.07

Adverse Events

Participants

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr Martin Descarreaux DC, PhD

Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières

Phone: 18193765011

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place