Malaysia Stop Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Trial

NCT ID: NCT02381379

Last Updated: 2020-09-14

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

118 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2015-03-31

Study Completion Date

2021-10-31

Brief Summary

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To compare administration of peginterferon-α-2a for 1 year versus observation after stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with deep MR ≥ 2 years.

Detailed Description

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Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm signified by the presence of Philadephia chromosome, which is the derivative of chromosome 22 after translocation between chromosome 9 and 22. The Philadephia chromosome will produce the mutated tyrosine kinase (BCR-ABL1), which will initiate the pathogenesis of the disease.

Imatinib is the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), which has changed the treatment paradigm of CML since its approval from U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2001 for the treatment of CML. It signifies a new era of oncological treatment using targeted therapy. Subsequent generation TKIs have been marketed as a more potent therapy for CML. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor is conventionally thought not able to cure CML and it has to be taken for life. It is able to induce a very deep molecular response (MR) in about 10% of CML patients as evidenced by persistent undetectable or ≤0.0032% (International Scale IS) BCR-ABL1 transcript in quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on current molecular assays, which is labelled as MR4.5 or more. However these patients have to continue taking their TKIs as per recommendations from the European Leukaemia Net and this is the current practice in our institution and in Malaysia. Long term treatment is cumbersome, there is a concern of chronic side effects with long term tyrosine kinase inhibition and it is a financial burden on most countries' health budget as these drugs are very expensive.

Current available data showed that 40% of CML patients with prior stable MR4.5 for 2 years or more will be able to stay imatinib-free for at least 2 years. About 13% of patients without confirmed molecular relapse by the study criteria have low persistent BCR-ABL1 but remain imatinib-free for median follow-up of 22 months (range 6 - 35). A few patients with confirmed molecular relapse by study criteria remained drug free on follow-up. This postulates a component of immunity suppressing the leukemic clone.

Interferon is the standard treatment of CML before the era of TKI. As a single agent, it induces complete cytogenetic response (CCR) in about 20%, and non-sustainable deep MR in about 10% of patients in early chronic phase. These are much smaller figures compared to TKI. Imatinib at the dose of 400mg daily induces CCR in about 70% and deep MR in about 10% of patient in chronic phase after one year of treatment. However, interferon-responded patients may indeed retain the response once interferon was withdrawn via interferon-induced immunity towards the leukemic clone, which leads to longer drug free period compared to TKI. Hence, it is logical to postulate the use of interferon after TKI was stopped when patients have attained deep MR for more than two years will increase the percentage of patients remain TKI-free on follow-up. Unfortunately, there are not many studies concerning this matter. Carella et al described a case series of five patients with deep MR ranging from 12 to 41 months, were put on interferon with follow-up ranging from three to 16 months. Recently, there was a study from Japan, nine out of 12 analyzable patients including 3 patients with previous treatment of interferon, who stopped TKI, was put on interferon remained in deep MR after median follow-up of 23 months (6-27 months). In regards to peginterferon, there is a small studies by Hardan I et al describing 11 CML patients with various responses after imatinib (from complete cytogenetic response N=3, major molecular response N=6, deep MR N=2) were put on peginterferon-α-2a for nine months together with imatinib, then imatinib was stopped and continued with peginterferon-α-2a for another three months. It is difficult to draw any conclusion from this paper because of the small number of subjects, only two subjects have achieved deep MR (with unknown duration) before study entry, and peginterferon-α-2a was combined with imatinib for nine months which will cloud the true effect of peginterferon-α-2a after imatinib was stopped.

So far, there is no randomized study comparing interferon administered for fix duration after TKI was stopped versus observation to see whether the percentage and duration of CML patient who remains TKI-free can be increased and prolonged with interferon, respectively. It will be of interest to see how long the group which was given interferon remains TKI-free. If they remain TKI-free for a long duration, it not only suggests the interferon-induced immunity, but also suggests the interferon-induced immunity can be induced when only a very low level of leukemic cells present. Economical wise, TKI-free certainly give a big relief on the limited health budget of the on-growing CML population.

Conditions

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Leukemia, Chronic Myeloid

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Peginterferon-α-2a (Pegasys®)

Subcutaneous peginterferon-α-2a (PEGASYS®) starting at 180µg weekly for one year

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Peginterferon-α-2a

Intervention Type DRUG

Subcutaneous peginterferon-α-2a (PEGASYS®) starting at 180µg weekly for one year.

Observation

Stop tyrosine kinase inhibitor that was on and no active medication that might affect CML, for example any immune-modulatory agents, traditional herbs or medications, chemotherapeutic agents, growth factors, or colony stimulating factors is allowed during the trial period.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Peginterferon-α-2a

Subcutaneous peginterferon-α-2a (PEGASYS®) starting at 180µg weekly for one year.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Pegasys®

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* The subject must be 18 years old or above
* The subject has CML in chronic phase during diagnosis
* The subject is treated with ongoing TKI at any dose for at least 3 years
* The subject has achieved stable deep molecular response (DMR) on International Scale (IS) for 2 years or more by any TKI
* Definition of deep molecular response (IS) ≥ 2 years

* Deep molecular response = MR4 (IS 0.01%) or better
* There must be at least 2 results (including the latest) of MR4.5 with an acceptable control gene copy number for the assay over the last two years
* There must not be any result exceeding a major molecular response (MMR) (IS 0.1%) over the last two years
* The latest PCR result should be compelled with Intervention Start Date, which is within 4 weeks of Study Entry Date or 17 weeks of the latest PCR test.

Exclusion Criteria

* The subject has previous history of any TKI failure as according to European LeukemiaNet 2009(17).
* The subject has previous history of successfully engrafted autologous or allogeneic haematopoeitic stem cell transplant and after transplant no disease relapse as defined by MSIT protocol
* The subject is planned for autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation
* The subject has previous history of interferon or peginterferon administration and achieved complete cytogenetic response with interferon or peginterferon
* The subject had undergone or on immune-modulatory treatments other than interferon or peginterferon
* The subject is undergoing treatment for other malignancies
* The subject has haemoglobin \<9g/dL and platelet count \<90x109/L for two successive readings of 1 month apart
* The subject has positive Hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg), Hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV), or Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 antibody (anti-HIV1)
* The subject has creatinine clearance of ≤50mL/min
* The subject has persistent alanine transaminase ≥2x upper normal limit for two successive readings of 1 month apart.
* Adults under law protection or without ability to consent
* The subject has previous history or on-going psychiatric illness
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Ministry of Health, Malaysia

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Dr Kuan Jew Win

Dr

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Kian Meng Chang, FRCP(London)

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ampang Hospital, Malaysia

Locations

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Sultanah Aminah Hospital

Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

Site Status

Sultanah Bahiyah Hospital

Alor Star, Kedah, Malaysia

Site Status

Queen Elizabeth Hospital

Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Site Status

Sarawak General Hospital

Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

Site Status

Miri Hospital

Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia

Site Status

Sibu Hospital

Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia

Site Status

Ampang Hospital

Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia

Site Status

Malacca General Hospital

Malacca, , Malaysia

Site Status

Hospital Pulau Pinang

Pulau Pinang, , Malaysia

Site Status

Countries

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Malaysia

References

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Mahon FX, Rea D, Guilhot J, Guilhot F, Huguet F, Nicolini F, Legros L, Charbonnier A, Guerci A, Varet B, Etienne G, Reiffers J, Rousselot P; Intergroupe Francais des Leucemies Myeloides Chroniques. Discontinuation of imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia who have maintained complete molecular remission for at least 2 years: the prospective, multicentre Stop Imatinib (STIM) trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Nov;11(11):1029-35. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70233-3. Epub 2010 Oct 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20965785 (View on PubMed)

Ross DM, Branford S, Seymour JF, Schwarer AP, Arthur C, Bartley PA, Slader C, Field C, Dang P, Filshie RJ, Mills AK, Grigg AP, Melo JV, Hughes TP. Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who maintain a complete molecular response after stopping imatinib treatment have evidence of persistent leukemia by DNA PCR. Leukemia. 2010 Oct;24(10):1719-24. doi: 10.1038/leu.2010.185. Epub 2010 Sep 2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20811403 (View on PubMed)

Kantarjian HM, O'Brien S, Cortes JE, Shan J, Giles FJ, Rios MB, Faderl SH, Wierda WG, Ferrajoli A, Verstovsek S, Keating MJ, Freireich EJ, Talpaz M. Complete cytogenetic and molecular responses to interferon-alpha-based therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia are associated with excellent long-term prognosis. Cancer. 2003 Feb 15;97(4):1033-41. doi: 10.1002/cncr.11223.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12569603 (View on PubMed)

Preudhomme C, Guilhot J, Nicolini FE, Guerci-Bresler A, Rigal-Huguet F, Maloisel F, Coiteux V, Gardembas M, Berthou C, Vekhoff A, Rea D, Jourdan E, Allard C, Delmer A, Rousselot P, Legros L, Berger M, Corm S, Etienne G, Roche-Lestienne C, Eclache V, Mahon FX, Guilhot F; SPIRIT Investigators; France Intergroupe des Leucemies Myeloides Chroniques (Fi-LMC). Imatinib plus peginterferon alfa-2a in chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 23;363(26):2511-21. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1004095.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21175313 (View on PubMed)

Verbeek W, Konig H, Boehm J, Kohl D, Lange C, Heuer T, Scheibenbogen C, Reis HE, Hochhaus A, Graeven U. Continuous complete hematological and cytogenetic remission with molecular minimal residual disease 9 years after discontinuation of interferon-alpha in a patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. Acta Haematol. 2006;115(1-2):109-12. doi: 10.1159/000089476.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16424660 (View on PubMed)

Mahon FX, Delbrel X, Cony-Makhoul P, Faberes C, Boiron JM, Barthe C, Bilhou-Nabera C, Pigneux A, Marit G, Reiffers J. Follow-up of complete cytogenetic remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia after cessation of interferon alfa. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Jan 1;20(1):214-20. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.1.214.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11773172 (View on PubMed)

Usuki K, Kanda Y, Iijima K, Iki S, Hirai H, Urabe A. [Chronic myelogenous leukemia in cessation of therapy after sustained CCR with interferon]. Rinsho Ketsueki. 2003 Dec;44(12):1161-5. Japanese.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14978932 (View on PubMed)

Mauro E. Long-term molecular response after discontinuation of interferon-alpha in two patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Blood Transfus. 2012 Oct;10(4):559; author reply 560. doi: 10.2450/2012.0144-11. Epub 2012 Feb 29. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22395358 (View on PubMed)

Veneri D, Tecchio C, De Matteis G, Paviati E, Benati M, Franchini M, Pizzolo G. Long-term persistence of molecular response after discontinuation of interferon-alpha in two patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Blood Transfus. 2012 Apr;10(2):233-4. doi: 10.2450/2011.0057-11. Epub 2011 Sep 22. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22044951 (View on PubMed)

Hardan I, Stanevsky A, Volchek Y, Tohami T, Amariglio N, Trakhtenbrot L, Koren-Michowitz M, Shimoni A, Nagler A. Treatment with interferon alpha prior to discontinuation of imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Cytokine. 2012 Feb;57(2):290-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.11.018. Epub 2011 Dec 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22169779 (View on PubMed)

Carella AM. Interferon-alpha is able to maintain complete molecular remission induced by imatinib after its discontinuation. Leukemia. 2008 May;22(5):1090-1. doi: 10.1038/leu.2008.94. Epub 2008 Apr 3. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18385749 (View on PubMed)

Baccarani M, Cortes J, Pane F, Niederwieser D, Saglio G, Apperley J, Cervantes F, Deininger M, Gratwohl A, Guilhot F, Hochhaus A, Horowitz M, Hughes T, Kantarjian H, Larson R, Radich J, Simonsson B, Silver RT, Goldman J, Hehlmann R; European LeukemiaNet. Chronic myeloid leukemia: an update of concepts and management recommendations of European LeukemiaNet. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 10;27(35):6041-51. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.0779. Epub 2009 Nov 2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19884523 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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NMRR-13-1186-15491

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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