Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
Recruitment Status
UNKNOWN
Total Enrollment
1000 participants
Study Classification
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Start Date
2015-09-30
Study Completion Date
2015-12-31
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
Background:
Data are scarce concerning injecting drug use (IDU) and alcohol consumption among HIV-infected people on highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) in Cameroon. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption and IDU among HIV-infected people on HAART; to determine sociodemographic factors associated with alcohol abuse and IDU among people on HAART; and to determine impact of alcohol consumption and IDU on adherence to HAART.
Methods/Design:
The investigators will conduct a cross sectional study at the Yaoundé Central Hospital in Cameroon, from February to August 2015. Using a self-report questionnaire, the investigators will include at least 1,000 HIV-infected adults (18 years or more) on HAART for at least one month coming for HIV care. The investigators will exclude pregnant women. Data collection will include sociodemographic and economic profile, alcohol consumption using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, injecting drug use, adherence to HAART using visual analog scale and self-rate report. The investigators will perform sub-analysis for sex group and area of habitation. A p value \< 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
Discussion:
There is a critical need of accurate estimates of the amplitude and the distribution of IDU and alcohol consumption among HIV-infected adults, in order to inform health policies maker for curbing burden of both injecting drug use and alcohol consumption among people living with HIV.
Data are scarce concerning injecting drug use (IDU) and alcohol consumption among HIV-infected people on highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) in Cameroon. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption and IDU among HIV-infected people on HAART; to determine sociodemographic factors associated with alcohol abuse and IDU among people on HAART; and to determine impact of alcohol consumption and IDU on adherence to HAART.
Methods/Design:
The investigators will conduct a cross sectional study at the Yaoundé Central Hospital in Cameroon, from February to August 2015. Using a self-report questionnaire, the investigators will include at least 1,000 HIV-infected adults (18 years or more) on HAART for at least one month coming for HIV care. The investigators will exclude pregnant women. Data collection will include sociodemographic and economic profile, alcohol consumption using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, injecting drug use, adherence to HAART using visual analog scale and self-rate report. The investigators will perform sub-analysis for sex group and area of habitation. A p value \< 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
Discussion:
There is a critical need of accurate estimates of the amplitude and the distribution of IDU and alcohol consumption among HIV-infected adults, in order to inform health policies maker for curbing burden of both injecting drug use and alcohol consumption among people living with HIV.
Related Clinical Trials
Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.
Prevalence of Substance Abuse Among Anti-retroviral Treatment Naive Patients Positive for HIV Antibodies
NCT04847388
HIV Infections
COMPLETED
Reducing Heavy Drinking to Optimize HIV/AIDS Treatment and Prevention
NCT01227044
Reduction in Heavy Drinking in Patients With HIV
COMPLETED
PHASE2/PHASE3
Neurobehavioral Model of HIV in Injection Drug Users
NCT00198861
Drug Abuse
HIV Infections
COMPLETED
Modeling the Effects of Chronic Marijuana Use on Neuroinflammation and HIV-related Neuronal Injury
NCT04810858
Cannabis
HIV
Inflammation
+2 more
RECRUITING
NA
Disability and HIV: Vulnerability of People With Disabilities to HIV Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa
NCT02192658
HIV
Reproductive Health
Disability
COMPLETED
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
1. Introduction
1.1. Background
In low and middle income countries, 28.6 million people were eligible for antiretroviral therapy (ART) based on 2013 guidelines and only around 10 million were currently on ART. Cameroon is a lower-middle-income country with a prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in adults of 4.3% in 2011. In the same year, coverage for antiretroviral therapy in adults and children was 49.6%, demonstrating the immensity of the work to be done to achieve the goals of good ART coverage. The considerable expansion of access to HIV treatment in the world has changed the epidemic of HIV infection. The importance of ART is well established. Life expectancy of adults receiving ART is approximately 80% of the normal life expectancy. The preventive effect of ART is increasingly evident, even in cases where the HIV epidemic is concentrated.
There exists the link between alcohol consumption and infectious diseases, with the deleterious effect of alcohol on disease progression. In Cameroon, in general population, adult (15+ years) per capita alcohol consumption was 13.74 litters of pure alcohol. Heavy episodic drinking is 8.4% and 2.1% respectively among males and females in Cameroon in general population. Alcohol binge drinking was found in 11.6% of people living with HIV on ART and in 20.6% of those who were interrupted their treatment. Binge drinking was defined for male as consumption of 5 or more drinks, for female as consumption of 4 or more drinks, in about 2 hours. Alcohol use disorders screened with cutting down, annoyance by criticism, guilty feelings, eye-openers (cage) questionnaire are present among 17% of adults HIV-infected in Cameroon.
In Cameroon, the prevalence of non-adherence to ART was 22.5% based on the Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS index and 34.9% based on the Centre for Adherence Support Evaluation index. Alcohol is one of the main factors of ART interruption and ART non-adherence. The consumption of alcohol being on ART decrease response to highly active ART, and decrease health related quality of life.
In general, health data, including HIV prevalence data, are less robust for key populations than for general populations due to complexities in sampling (and lack of size estimation data), legal concerns and issues of stigma and discrimination. To date, studies on injecting drug user in Cameroon, and even in sub-Sahara Africa are scarce among HIV-infected people. The estimation showed that in 2012 worldwide about 12.7 million people had recently injected drugs and that, of these, 13.1% was living with HIV.
1.2. Study rationale
With this demonstrated burden so harmful of alcohol consumption and injecting drug use (IDU) among people living with HIV, it is necessary to measure the weight of alcohol consumption and IDU among HIV-infected adult on HAART; to understand why HIV-infected people consume alcohol and use injecting drug being on HAART in Cameroon, sub-Saharan Africa country; and to assess the impact of alcohol consumption and IDU on adherence to ART.
2. Study objectives
The aim of this study is (1) to determine and describe the prevalence of alcohol consumption and IDU among HIV-infected people on HAART; (2) to determine sociodemographic factors associated with alcohol consumption and IDU among people on HAART; (3) and to determine impact of alcohol consumption and IDU on adherence to HAART.
3. Methods
3.1. Design
The investigators will use cross-sectional design. The recruitment of participants will be conducted from January to June 2015. Socio-demographic data, adherence to ART, alcohol consumption will be self-reported by the patients with a questionnaire, but patient will can ask more clarifications if he/she not understood a question. The investigators will follow STROBE guidelines for the report this study.
3.2. Setting
Cameroon is a sub-Saharan central Africa country, divided in ten region and with a population of 19,406,100 inhabitants in 2011. The adult prevalence rate of HIV in the country is 4.3%. In Yaoundé, capital of Cameroon, site of recruitment, the adult prevalence rate of HIV infection is 6.4% (3.6% for men and 8.9% for women). Subjects were recruited at Day Hospital in Yaoundé Central Hospital. It is the largest HIV clinic in the country. This is an urban center in the heart of Yaoundé city.
3.3. Participants
The investigators will include in this study subjects who are aged 18 years or above and who were on HAART for at least one month. The investigators will exclude pregnant women. Informed consent will be a prerequisite for participating in the study, and will be provided verbally.
3.4. Data collection
3.4.1. Sociodemographic profile
The investigators will collect age, gender, sexual orientation, last level of education, monthly household income, area of habitation, number or person in household, mode of healthcare payment, marital status, employment status, probable route of HIV infection and when, and disclosure of HIV status.
3.4.2. Alcohol consumption
The investigators will use the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to identify subjects with at-risk, hazardous, or harmful drinking. AUDIT has a possible range from 0 to 40. A score ≤ 7 is classified as no current problem (low risk drinking), a score range between 8 - 15 is classified as probable current problem drinking (risky or hazardous drinking), a score range between 16 - 19 is classified as high risk or harmful drinking, and a score ≥ 20 as define harm and likely to be alcohol dependent. The investigators prefer to use self-reported questionnaire vs. interview questionnaire because it may produce more accurate answers, but patients who will not well understand a question, could ask more clarifications. The investigators will therefore use AUDIT screening instrument test to classify current drinkers as problem or non-problem drinkers at cut-off ≥ 8. Sensitivity and specificity of AUDIT is respectively 51%-97% and 78%-96%. The investigators will define as current drinkers, all patients who had consumed alcohol in the last 12 months.
3.4.3. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy
The investigators will use several methods to measure adherence to ART: a linear visual analogue scale (VAS) on the past month and self-rate of adherence to ART in the last month using scale from '1 - very good' to '5 - very bad'.
3.4.4. Injecting drug use
Patients will report if Yes or No, they have already used an injectable drug. If yes, they will give frequency and last time of use.
3.5. Statistical analysis
3.5.1. Sample size
The sample calculation was based on alcohol consumption, because there is no data for IDU in Cameroon among HIV-infected people. The investigators assume that alcohol abuse among adults HIV-infected is 17%. With a 95% confidence interval (95%CI), acceptable difference of 5%; the minimal required sample size was 217 adult HIV-infected on ART. The investigators have used Windows Program for Epidemiologist (WinPepi, version 11.43) to estimate required sample size. Because the investigators will use self-reported questionnaire, the investigators suppose 20% for missing data. Therefore, the minimal required sample size will 272 for male and 272 for female because alcohol consumption was different between both sex (14). The investigators hope to have a sample of about 1,000 patients to have a high powered study.
3.5.2. Statistical method
Data will be coded, entered, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0 for Windows (IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, New York: IBM Corp.). The investigators will describe continuous variables using means with standard deviations or using median with interquartile range, and categorical variables using their frequencies and percentages. For all tests, we will use 2-sided p-values with alpha \< 0.05 level of significance. The investigators used χ² test or equivalents for categorical variables, Student T test for means, and Mann-Whitney U test for medians. Null hypothesis of no difference was rejected if the 95% CI of odds ratio (OR) estimates excluded 1. All regression analyses will be conducted with stepwise forward method with entry in model if p value ≤ 0.2. Multiple imputation will be used to handle missing data, creating a new data set which was the average of five data sets of imputed values. The investigators will only impute socio-demographic data for regression analysis.
4. Ethical considerations
The study will be conducted in accordance with Helsinki Declaration. Prior to enrolment, all eligible participants will provide verbal consent. Patients with alcohol consumption, injecting drug use and/or non-adherence to ART will receive a counseling to address this problem according WHO recommendations.
5. Discussion
The expansion of the use of ART helped make HIV infection as a chronic disease. One of the major challenges to overcome is the effective use of ARVs to improve the outcome of people living with HIV. Consumption of alcohol and injecting drug by patients on HAART may be obstacles. The scientific evidence is already done for the first for its negative effect on antiretroviral therapy in others people than Africa but very few studies on the IDU are done, particularly in Africa. Even if there are data on alcohol consumption being on antiretroviral therapy exist in Africa, very few studies have a large sample size. More and to the best of our best knowledge, there are almost no studies on the prevalence of injecting drug use among HIV infected people in Africa, particularly in Cameroon.
With this study, the gap in knowledge about injecting drugs and alcohol and their effects on adherence to antiretroviral therapy may be addressed. This will guide future research. This knowledge can also provide to clinicians and policy makers of health, a light on the implementation of guidelines to improve the outcomes of people living with HIV in our context.
One of the limitations that might emerge during the implementation of this study is the presence of missing data, particularly related to data collection of the study by patients themselves. It is nonetheless necessary to use this form of data collection, since we will collect data on adherence to ARV treatment, on alcohol consumption, and on injecting drug use. In general, people tend to underestimate their alcohol consumption and overestimate adherence to treatment when a third party ask them a question about. In addition, the use of drugs is prohibited by law. Some patients may therefore deny its consumption. This is why no name or contact will be asked, no signature or written consent for participation in the study will be required for this study. We will thus use verbal consent.
The final report of this study in the form of scientific paper will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Findings will further be presented at conferences and submitted to relevant health authorities.
1.1. Background
In low and middle income countries, 28.6 million people were eligible for antiretroviral therapy (ART) based on 2013 guidelines and only around 10 million were currently on ART. Cameroon is a lower-middle-income country with a prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in adults of 4.3% in 2011. In the same year, coverage for antiretroviral therapy in adults and children was 49.6%, demonstrating the immensity of the work to be done to achieve the goals of good ART coverage. The considerable expansion of access to HIV treatment in the world has changed the epidemic of HIV infection. The importance of ART is well established. Life expectancy of adults receiving ART is approximately 80% of the normal life expectancy. The preventive effect of ART is increasingly evident, even in cases where the HIV epidemic is concentrated.
There exists the link between alcohol consumption and infectious diseases, with the deleterious effect of alcohol on disease progression. In Cameroon, in general population, adult (15+ years) per capita alcohol consumption was 13.74 litters of pure alcohol. Heavy episodic drinking is 8.4% and 2.1% respectively among males and females in Cameroon in general population. Alcohol binge drinking was found in 11.6% of people living with HIV on ART and in 20.6% of those who were interrupted their treatment. Binge drinking was defined for male as consumption of 5 or more drinks, for female as consumption of 4 or more drinks, in about 2 hours. Alcohol use disorders screened with cutting down, annoyance by criticism, guilty feelings, eye-openers (cage) questionnaire are present among 17% of adults HIV-infected in Cameroon.
In Cameroon, the prevalence of non-adherence to ART was 22.5% based on the Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS index and 34.9% based on the Centre for Adherence Support Evaluation index. Alcohol is one of the main factors of ART interruption and ART non-adherence. The consumption of alcohol being on ART decrease response to highly active ART, and decrease health related quality of life.
In general, health data, including HIV prevalence data, are less robust for key populations than for general populations due to complexities in sampling (and lack of size estimation data), legal concerns and issues of stigma and discrimination. To date, studies on injecting drug user in Cameroon, and even in sub-Sahara Africa are scarce among HIV-infected people. The estimation showed that in 2012 worldwide about 12.7 million people had recently injected drugs and that, of these, 13.1% was living with HIV.
1.2. Study rationale
With this demonstrated burden so harmful of alcohol consumption and injecting drug use (IDU) among people living with HIV, it is necessary to measure the weight of alcohol consumption and IDU among HIV-infected adult on HAART; to understand why HIV-infected people consume alcohol and use injecting drug being on HAART in Cameroon, sub-Saharan Africa country; and to assess the impact of alcohol consumption and IDU on adherence to ART.
2. Study objectives
The aim of this study is (1) to determine and describe the prevalence of alcohol consumption and IDU among HIV-infected people on HAART; (2) to determine sociodemographic factors associated with alcohol consumption and IDU among people on HAART; (3) and to determine impact of alcohol consumption and IDU on adherence to HAART.
3. Methods
3.1. Design
The investigators will use cross-sectional design. The recruitment of participants will be conducted from January to June 2015. Socio-demographic data, adherence to ART, alcohol consumption will be self-reported by the patients with a questionnaire, but patient will can ask more clarifications if he/she not understood a question. The investigators will follow STROBE guidelines for the report this study.
3.2. Setting
Cameroon is a sub-Saharan central Africa country, divided in ten region and with a population of 19,406,100 inhabitants in 2011. The adult prevalence rate of HIV in the country is 4.3%. In Yaoundé, capital of Cameroon, site of recruitment, the adult prevalence rate of HIV infection is 6.4% (3.6% for men and 8.9% for women). Subjects were recruited at Day Hospital in Yaoundé Central Hospital. It is the largest HIV clinic in the country. This is an urban center in the heart of Yaoundé city.
3.3. Participants
The investigators will include in this study subjects who are aged 18 years or above and who were on HAART for at least one month. The investigators will exclude pregnant women. Informed consent will be a prerequisite for participating in the study, and will be provided verbally.
3.4. Data collection
3.4.1. Sociodemographic profile
The investigators will collect age, gender, sexual orientation, last level of education, monthly household income, area of habitation, number or person in household, mode of healthcare payment, marital status, employment status, probable route of HIV infection and when, and disclosure of HIV status.
3.4.2. Alcohol consumption
The investigators will use the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to identify subjects with at-risk, hazardous, or harmful drinking. AUDIT has a possible range from 0 to 40. A score ≤ 7 is classified as no current problem (low risk drinking), a score range between 8 - 15 is classified as probable current problem drinking (risky or hazardous drinking), a score range between 16 - 19 is classified as high risk or harmful drinking, and a score ≥ 20 as define harm and likely to be alcohol dependent. The investigators prefer to use self-reported questionnaire vs. interview questionnaire because it may produce more accurate answers, but patients who will not well understand a question, could ask more clarifications. The investigators will therefore use AUDIT screening instrument test to classify current drinkers as problem or non-problem drinkers at cut-off ≥ 8. Sensitivity and specificity of AUDIT is respectively 51%-97% and 78%-96%. The investigators will define as current drinkers, all patients who had consumed alcohol in the last 12 months.
3.4.3. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy
The investigators will use several methods to measure adherence to ART: a linear visual analogue scale (VAS) on the past month and self-rate of adherence to ART in the last month using scale from '1 - very good' to '5 - very bad'.
3.4.4. Injecting drug use
Patients will report if Yes or No, they have already used an injectable drug. If yes, they will give frequency and last time of use.
3.5. Statistical analysis
3.5.1. Sample size
The sample calculation was based on alcohol consumption, because there is no data for IDU in Cameroon among HIV-infected people. The investigators assume that alcohol abuse among adults HIV-infected is 17%. With a 95% confidence interval (95%CI), acceptable difference of 5%; the minimal required sample size was 217 adult HIV-infected on ART. The investigators have used Windows Program for Epidemiologist (WinPepi, version 11.43) to estimate required sample size. Because the investigators will use self-reported questionnaire, the investigators suppose 20% for missing data. Therefore, the minimal required sample size will 272 for male and 272 for female because alcohol consumption was different between both sex (14). The investigators hope to have a sample of about 1,000 patients to have a high powered study.
3.5.2. Statistical method
Data will be coded, entered, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0 for Windows (IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, New York: IBM Corp.). The investigators will describe continuous variables using means with standard deviations or using median with interquartile range, and categorical variables using their frequencies and percentages. For all tests, we will use 2-sided p-values with alpha \< 0.05 level of significance. The investigators used χ² test or equivalents for categorical variables, Student T test for means, and Mann-Whitney U test for medians. Null hypothesis of no difference was rejected if the 95% CI of odds ratio (OR) estimates excluded 1. All regression analyses will be conducted with stepwise forward method with entry in model if p value ≤ 0.2. Multiple imputation will be used to handle missing data, creating a new data set which was the average of five data sets of imputed values. The investigators will only impute socio-demographic data for regression analysis.
4. Ethical considerations
The study will be conducted in accordance with Helsinki Declaration. Prior to enrolment, all eligible participants will provide verbal consent. Patients with alcohol consumption, injecting drug use and/or non-adherence to ART will receive a counseling to address this problem according WHO recommendations.
5. Discussion
The expansion of the use of ART helped make HIV infection as a chronic disease. One of the major challenges to overcome is the effective use of ARVs to improve the outcome of people living with HIV. Consumption of alcohol and injecting drug by patients on HAART may be obstacles. The scientific evidence is already done for the first for its negative effect on antiretroviral therapy in others people than Africa but very few studies on the IDU are done, particularly in Africa. Even if there are data on alcohol consumption being on antiretroviral therapy exist in Africa, very few studies have a large sample size. More and to the best of our best knowledge, there are almost no studies on the prevalence of injecting drug use among HIV infected people in Africa, particularly in Cameroon.
With this study, the gap in knowledge about injecting drugs and alcohol and their effects on adherence to antiretroviral therapy may be addressed. This will guide future research. This knowledge can also provide to clinicians and policy makers of health, a light on the implementation of guidelines to improve the outcomes of people living with HIV in our context.
One of the limitations that might emerge during the implementation of this study is the presence of missing data, particularly related to data collection of the study by patients themselves. It is nonetheless necessary to use this form of data collection, since we will collect data on adherence to ARV treatment, on alcohol consumption, and on injecting drug use. In general, people tend to underestimate their alcohol consumption and overestimate adherence to treatment when a third party ask them a question about. In addition, the use of drugs is prohibited by law. Some patients may therefore deny its consumption. This is why no name or contact will be asked, no signature or written consent for participation in the study will be required for this study. We will thus use verbal consent.
The final report of this study in the form of scientific paper will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Findings will further be presented at conferences and submitted to relevant health authorities.
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
HIV
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
Observational Model Type
CASE_ONLY
Study Time Perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
* aged 18 years or older
* being for at least one month on highly active antiretroviral therapy
* being for at least one month on highly active antiretroviral therapy
Exclusion Criteria
* pregnant women
Minimum Eligible Age
18 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
Yaounde Central Hospital
OTHER_GOV
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Edea Regional Hospital
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
University of Yaounde 1
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
NYU Langone Health
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Goulfey Health District Unit
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
Jean Joel R. Bigna
Head Officer
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Principal Investigators
Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.
Jean Joel R Bigna, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Goulfey Health District Unit
Central Contacts
Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
Johnson LF, Mossong J, Dorrington RE, Schomaker M, Hoffmann CJ, Keiser O, Fox MP, Wood R, Prozesky H, Giddy J, Garone DB, Cornell M, Egger M, Boulle A; International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS Southern Africa Collaboration. Life expectancies of South African adults starting antiretroviral treatment: collaborative analysis of cohort studies. PLoS Med. 2013;10(4):e1001418. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001418. Epub 2013 Apr 9.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Wood E, Braitstein P, Montaner JS, Schechter MT, Tyndall MW, O'Shaughnessy MV, Hogg RS. Extent to which low-level use of antiretroviral treatment could curb the AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet. 2000 Jun 17;355(9221):2095-100. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02375-8.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Donnell D, Baeten JM, Kiarie J, Thomas KK, Stevens W, Cohen CR, McIntyre J, Lingappa JR, Celum C; Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study Team. Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: a prospective cohort analysis. Lancet. 2010 Jun 12;375(9731):2092-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60705-2. Epub 2010 May 26.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Granich RM, Gilks CF, Dye C, De Cock KM, Williams BG. Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: a mathematical model. Lancet. 2009 Jan 3;373(9657):48-57. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61697-9. Epub 2008 Nov 27.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, Hakim JG, Kumwenda J, Grinsztejn B, Pilotto JH, Godbole SV, Mehendale S, Chariyalertsak S, Santos BR, Mayer KH, Hoffman IF, Eshleman SH, Piwowar-Manning E, Wang L, Makhema J, Mills LA, de Bruyn G, Sanne I, Eron J, Gallant J, Havlir D, Swindells S, Ribaudo H, Elharrar V, Burns D, Taha TE, Nielsen-Saines K, Celentano D, Essex M, Fleming TR; HPTN 052 Study Team. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 11;365(6):493-505. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1105243. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Kato M, Granich R, Bui DD, Tran HV, Nadol P, Jacka D, Sabin K, Suthar AB, Mesquita F, Lo YR, Williams B. The potential impact of expanding antiretroviral therapy and combination prevention in Vietnam: towards elimination of HIV transmission. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Aug 15;63(5):e142-9. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31829b535b.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Rehm J, Parry CD. Alcohol consumption and infectious diseases in South Africa. Lancet. 2009 Dec 19;374(9707):2053. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62150-4. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Samet JH, Walley AY, Bridden C. Illicit drugs, alcohol, and addiction in human immunodeficiency virus. Panminerva Med. 2007 Jun;49(2):67-77.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Samet JH, Horton NJ, Traphagen ET, Lyon SM, Freedberg KA. Alcohol consumption and HIV disease progression: are they related? Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 May;27(5):862-7. doi: 10.1097/01.ALC.0000065438.80967.56.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Marcellin F, Boyer S, Protopopescu C, Dia A, Ongolo-Zogo P, Koulla-Shiro S, Abega SC, Abe C, Moatti JP, Spire B, Carrieri MP; EVAL Study Group. Determinants of unplanned antiretroviral treatment interruptions among people living with HIV in Yaounde, Cameroon (EVAL survey, ANRS 12-116). Trop Med Int Health. 2008 Dec;13(12):1470-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02170.x. Epub 2008 Nov 5.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
L'akoa RM, Noubiap JJ, Fang Y, Ntone FE, Kuaban C. Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in HIV-positive patients: a cross-sectional study among newly diagnosed patients in Yaounde, Cameroon. BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Sep 22;13:228. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-228.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Pefura-Yone EW, Soh E, Kengne AP, Balkissou AD, Kuaban C. Non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Yaounde: prevalence, determinants and the concordance of two screening criteria. J Infect Public Health. 2013 Aug;6(4):307-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2013.02.003. Epub 2013 Apr 22.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Azar MM, Springer SA, Meyer JP, Altice FL. A systematic review of the impact of alcohol use disorders on HIV treatment outcomes, adherence to antiretroviral therapy and health care utilization. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Dec 1;112(3):178-93. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.06.014. Epub 2010 Aug 11.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Hendershot CS, Stoner SA, Pantalone DW, Simoni JM. Alcohol use and antiretroviral adherence: review and meta-analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Oct 1;52(2):180-202. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181b18b6e.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Neuman MG, Schneider M, Nanau RM, Parry C. Alcohol Consumption, Progression of Disease and Other Comorbidities, and Responses to Antiretroviral Medication in People Living with HIV. AIDS Res Treat. 2012;2012:751827. doi: 10.1155/2012/751827. Epub 2012 Mar 11.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Cook RL, Sereika SM, Hunt SC, Woodward WC, Erlen JA, Conigliaro J. Problem drinking and medication adherence among persons with HIV infection. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Feb;16(2):83-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.00122.x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Tran BX, Nguyen LT, Do CD, Nguyen QL, Maher RM. Associations between alcohol use disorders and adherence to antiretroviral treatment and quality of life amongst people living with HIV/AIDS. BMC Public Health. 2014 Jan 10;14:27. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-27.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Samet JH, Horton NJ, Meli S, Freedberg KA, Palepu A. Alcohol consumption and antiretroviral adherence among HIV-infected persons with alcohol problems. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004 Apr;28(4):572-7. doi: 10.1097/01.alc.0000122103.74491.78.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Kumar S, Jin M, Ande A, Sinha N, Silverstein PS, Kumar A. Alcohol consumption effect on antiretroviral therapy and HIV-1 pathogenesis: role of cytochrome P450 isozymes. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2012 Nov;8(11):1363-75. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2012.714366. Epub 2012 Aug 8.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Bull World Health Organ. 2007 Nov;85(11):867-72. doi: 10.2471/blt.07.045120.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Fiellin DA, Reid MC, O'Connor PG. Screening for alcohol problems in primary care: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jul 10;160(13):1977-89. doi: 10.1001/archinte.160.13.1977.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Cheng DM, Libman H, Bridden C, Saitz R, Samet JH. Alcohol consumption and lipodystrophy in HIV-infected adults with alcohol problems. Alcohol. 2009 Feb;43(1):65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.09.004.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Related Links
Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.
http://data.worldbank.org/country/cameroon
The World Bank. Cameroon data: The World Bank
http://www.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85328/1/WHO_HIV_2013.9_fre.pdf
WHO, UNICEF, UNAIDS. Global update on HIV treatment 2013: Results, impact and opportunities 2013
http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Newsletter/winter2004/Newsletter_Number3.pdf
National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. NIAAA council approves definition of binge drinking: National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2004
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2001/who_msd_msb_01.6a.pdf
Babor TF, Higgins-Biddle JC, Saunders JB, Monteiro MG. AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Guidelines for Use in Primary Care. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2001
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
ASSIST-HIV
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
More Related Trials
Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.
Acute Neural and Immune Effects of Alcohol in People Living With HIV Infection
NCT04050735
COMPLETED
NA
ARCH II Study (Alcohol Research Center on HIV Study II)
NCT02563574
COMPLETED
NA
Antiretroviral Treatment Outcomes in HIV-HBV Co-infected Patients in Southern Africa
NCT02060162
COMPLETED
Interaction of Alcohol and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS With Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Co-Infection
NCT00879047
COMPLETED
PHASE1
Medical Marijuana Use in HIV+ Patients Prospective Cohort Study
NCT01536899
COMPLETED
The Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance and Transmission Risk in Opioid Agonist Treatment
NCT00857350
COMPLETED
Prevalence, Characteristics and Risk Factors of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in Subjects Between the Ages of 55 and 70 Years: An Exposed/Unexposed Cross Sectional Study
NCT02592174
COMPLETED
NA
HIV Medication Adherence in Underserved Populations
NCT02392884
UNKNOWN
NA
Boston Alcohol Research Collaboration on HIV/AIDS (ARCH) Cohort
NCT01740115
COMPLETED
Technological Intervention for Reducing Alcohol Use Among People Living With HIV/AIDS
NCT03746600
COMPLETED
NA
Oral Dronabinol-HIV
NCT06034314
ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
PHASE1
The Neuropsychiatric Evaluation of HIV-Positive and Negative Drug Using Individuals: Study 215
NCT01034800
COMPLETED
Prevalence and Predictors of Neurocognitive Impairment Among HIV-infected Patients
NCT00893815
COMPLETED
Identifying Challenges to Healthy Aging in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Age 50 and Older
NCT05858034
RECRUITING
NA
Effect of Cannabis and Endocannabinoids on HIV Neuropathic Pain
NCT03099005
COMPLETED
PHASE2
Evaluation of a Short Version Computerized Test for Processing Speed to Detect Cognitive Disorders in HIV+ Patients
NCT03279835
COMPLETED
Mental Ability Challenge Study in Adults With and Without HIV
NCT03244488
COMPLETED
Neural Correlates of Working Memory Training for HIV Patients
NCT02602418
UNKNOWN
NA
Promoting Adherence to Anti-HIV Drug Regimens
NCT00051805
COMPLETED
NA
A Study of Health-Related Quality of Life in HIV-Infected Patients Undergoing Structured Treatment Interruptions of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
NCT00001948
COMPLETED
Clinical Trial to Reduce Drinking in Women With HIV
NCT01625091
COMPLETED
PHASE3
Adherence and Risk Behaviour in Patients With HIV Infection Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy
NCT00511056
COMPLETED
Gut Microbiota-Mediated Inflammatory Interactions Between AUD and HIV Infection
NCT06139224
RECRUITING
NA
HIV Infection and Tobacco Use Among Injection Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland: A Pilot Study of Biomarkers
NCT00491335
COMPLETED
Cannabis, HIV and Mental Processing Systems
NCT05430490
RECRUITING