A Prospective Trial to Assess Cost and Clinical Outcomes of a Clinical Pharmacogenomic Program

NCT ID: NCT02297126

Last Updated: 2021-01-08

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 4465 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2015-03-31
• Study Completion Date: 2019-05-03

Brief Summary

The INGenious trial will prospectively enroll a total of 6,000 patients, with 2,000 patients assigned to a pharmacogenetic testing arm and 4,000 to a control arm who will be followed, but not tested. It is randomized between an intervention arm and one that receives no intervention in order that the genotyped group can be compared with one in which undisturbed, routine clinical care is carried out in patients taking the same drugs. Both arms will be followed for a year after being prescribed a targeted medication. Patients randomized into the intervention arm that are prescribed one or more of the 24 targeted index medication will receive pharmacogenomic testing using a custom micro-array measuring 51 Single nucleotide polymorphisms in 16 genes. The study is being conducted by the Indiana University School of Medicine and the Indiana University Institute of Personalized Medicine in collaboration with the Eskenazi and Indiana University Health Systems and will evaluate the economic and clinical outcomes associated with embedding a pharmacogenomics program in a system that serves as the primary health care safety-net in Indianapolis, Indiana. By successfully implementing a pharmacogenomics program and integrating it with the Electronic Health Record and Clinical Decision Support system, physicians will be able to optimize patient care by delivering tailored therapeutic decisions based on the patient's individual genetics.

Detailed Description

Indiana University School of Medicine and the Indiana University Institute of Personalized Medicine in collaboration with the Eskenazi Health and IUH Systems will be conducting a NIH funded randomized trial beginning in 2014. The study will evaluate the economic and clinical outcomes of associated with embedding a pharmacogenomics program in a system that serves as a health care safety-net in Indianapolis, Indiana, and handles over 1.2 million outpatient visits a year at its hospital and network of 10 community health centers. There are over 990,000 outpatient visits and 15,000 adult admissions annually, and the payor mix includes 45% uninsured, 26% Medicaid and 18% Medicare patients. This health care system has more than 40 years of experience in digital medical record implementation and a proven track record of innovation in medical informatics that is based in the Regenstrief Institute.

The goal of Personalized Medicine (PM) is to implement advances in biomarker pharmacology, molecular diagnostics and genomics to improve the health of patients afflicted by a wide range of medical conditions. Dramatic advances in genomics have identified numerous disease/therapeutic associations now placing this goal within sight. For the full benefits of personalized genomic medicine to be realized, it is now critical that progress made on a small scale be extended. The fruits of outstanding scientific discovery are often enjoyed by a small number of academic medical centers but are not scalable, and therefore not available to the masses of patients found in larger health care systems. In addition, such advances often bypass underserved populations, resulting significant inequalities of care.

Study Aims:

Aim 1: To test the hypothesis that a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment certified genotyping targeted at 24 widely used drugs is associated with significant reductions in hospital and outpatient economic costs incurred over 1 year.

Aim2: To test whether pharmacogenetic testing is associated with significant improvements in clinical outcomes over 1 year.

The INGENIOUS trial will enroll a total of 6,000 patients, with 2,000 patients assigned to a pharmacogenetic testing arm and 4,000 to a control arm who will be followed, but not tested. The study is prospective since practice patterns change, and retrospective designs cannot be used to assess the impact of a prospective change. It is randomized between an intervention arm and one that receives no intervention in order that a genotyped group can be compared with one in which undisturbed, routine clinical care is carried out in patients taking the same drugs. Both arms will be followed for a year. Subjects will be enrolled starting at 6 months into the funding period, and investigators will enroll subjects for a total of 2 years, so that the last person enrolled will be at 2.5 years, and follow up will be completed at 3.5 years, allowing 6 months for analysis at the end of the study. A pharmacogenetic test, involving 51 Single nucleotide polymorphisms in 16 genes will be carried out at the beginning of the study in patients in the testing arm upon prompting by an index medication: one of 24 selected as being supported by validated guidelines.

Conditions

Adverse Drug Reaction

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: OTHER
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Control Arm

4,000 patients receiving a new prescription for targeted medication(s) randomized into the control arm receive standard care (no intervention affecting drug selection, dosage, dosage form, frequency and duration of therapy). Healthcare costs and adverse events data collected and analyzed for 12 months from time of entry into study. List of targeted medications: codeine, amitriptyline, aripiprazole, atazanavir, atomoxetine, azathioprine, citalopram, clopidogrel, cyclophosphamide, doxepin, efavirenz, escitalopram, esomeprazole, fluconazole, simvastatin, fluorouracil, phenytoin, quetiapine, glyburide, lansoprazole, mercaptopurine, methadone, methotrexate, nortriptyline, omeprazole, pantoprazole, rasburicase, tacrolimus, thioguanine, tramadol, venlafaxine, voriconazole and warfarin

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Pharmacogenetic Intervention Arm

2,000 patients receiving new prescription for targeted medication(s) identified in the control arm will be randomized to the intervention arm, consented and a tests will be performed from a blood sample. The treating physicians will be provided with the pharmacogenetic information and will determine if intervention is appropriate. Physician may elect to stay the course of therapy or alter drug selection, dosage, dosage form, frequency or duration of therapy based on the pharmacogenetic test results and input from clinical pharmacology consultations (if requested). Patients in the intervention arm will have their overall healthcare costs and clinical outcomes (specifically adverse events) followed and analyzed for a 1 year period from the time that they are entered into the study

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Pharmacogenetic Intervention Arm (pharmacogenetic testing)

Intervention Type: OTHER

In the design of this trial, pharmacogenetic testing will be triggered by the incident prescription of one or more of the targeted medications listed in the control arm. The pharmacogenetic array to be used incorporates 51 genetic variants for the following 16 genes/transporters: ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C, member 4, Cytochrome P450 2B6, Cytochrome P450 2C19, Cytochrome P450 2C9, Cytochrome P450 2D6, Cytochrome P450 3A4/3A5, Cytochrome P450 4F2, Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Human Leukocyte antigen-B, I interleukin-28B, Inosine Triphosphatase, Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family, Member 1B, Thiopurine methyltransferase and V vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1.

Interventions

Pharmacogenetic Intervention Arm (pharmacogenetic testing)

In the design of this trial, pharmacogenetic testing will be triggered by the incident prescription of one or more of the targeted medications listed in the control arm. The pharmacogenetic array to be used incorporates 51 genetic variants for the following 16 genes/transporters: ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C, member 4, Cytochrome P450 2B6, Cytochrome P450 2C19, Cytochrome P450 2C9, Cytochrome P450 2D6, Cytochrome P450 3A4/3A5, Cytochrome P450 4F2, Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Human Leukocyte antigen-B, I interleukin-28B, Inosine Triphosphatase, Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family, Member 1B, Thiopurine methyltransferase and V vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. Able and willing consent to participation in the trial;

2. Adults aged 18 and over;

3. Receiving care at Eskenazi Health or Indiana University Health Systems for 1 year or more;

4. Prescribed an index medication.

5. No documented prescription of the index medication for the past year.

6. The study limit of enrollment (500) for that medication has not been reached

7. A single tube of whole blood can be obtained, and

8. Able to follow study procedures. -

Exclusion Criteria

No subject will be excluded from the study on the basis of ethnicity or race. We will include all minorities.

Patients will be excluded if they:

1. Cannot or do not consent to participate;

2. are unable to provide 5cc of whole blood, or it cannot be obtained;

3. if they are an employee or student under the supervision of any of the investigators.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)

NIH

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Indiana University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Todd Skaar, PhD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Paul R Dexter, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Indiana University School of Medicine, Regenstrief Institute, Eskenazi Health

Todd Skaar, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Indiana University School of Medicine

Locations

Eskenazi Health System

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Countries

United States

References

Levy KD, Decker BS, Carpenter JS, Flockhart DA, Dexter PR, Desta Z, Skaar TC. Prerequisites to implementing a pharmacogenomics program in a large health-care system. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Sep;96(3):307-9. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2014.101. Epub 2014 May 7.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 24807457 (View on PubMed)

Fulton CR, Zang Y, Desta Z, Rosenman MB, Holmes AM, Decker BS, Zhang Y, T Callaghan J, Pratt VM, Levy KD, Gufford BT, Dexter PR, Skaar TC, Eadon MT. Drug-gene and drug-drug interactions associated with tramadol and codeine therapy in the INGENIOUS trial. Pharmacogenomics. 2019 Apr;20(6):397-408. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0205. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 30784356 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

U01HG007762-01

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

1401206188

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id