Reducing AIDS Stigma Among Health Professionals in India
NCT ID: NCT02101697
Last Updated: 2019-09-20
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
3733 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2014-07-31
2019-08-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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This study will evaluate the efficacy of a promising intervention designed to reduce HIV stigma among Indian health professionals. The intervention builds on results of our previous research, identifying prevalence and drivers of stigma and discrimination in Indian healthcare settings among PLHIV, health care providers and uninfected patients.
Specifically, the study will:
1. Adapt our pilot-tested 3-session stigma reduction intervention for partial tablet-based delivery to increase its long-term sustainability in health care settings. The two tablet-administered sessions of the intervention use interactive touch screen methodology and video vignettes tailored to situations likely to be encountered by Indian nurses and ward attendants. The third session focuses on skills-building in a group format and is co-facilitated by a PLHIV.
2. Evaluate the efficacy of the intervention in 24 hospitals in North and South India on:
1. behavioral manifestations of HIV stigma, including endorsement of coercive policies, behavioral intentions to discriminate, and non/stigmatizing provider-patient interactions.
2. the factors underlying stigma proposed by our conceptual model and targeted in the intervention modules, including fears and misconceptions regarding casual transmission (instrumental stigma), and negative attitudes toward marginalized, vulnerable groups (symbolic stigma).
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
OTHER
SINGLE
Study Groups
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HIV Stigma Reduction Intervention
The HIV stigma reduction arm group will participate in a promising intervention designed to reduce HIV stigma among health professionals. The intervention builds on results of our previous research, identifying prevalence and drivers of stigma and discrimination in Indian healthcare settings among PLHIV, health care providers, and uninfected patients.The HIV stigma reduction intervention consists of two computer-administered sessions and one group session.
HIV Stigma Reduction Intervention
The HIV stigma reduction intervention consists of two computer-administered sessions and one group session.
Session 1. (approx. 60 min). Introduction of the concepts of stigma and discrimination, vulnerable populations and symbolic stigma delivered in an interactive tablet format, using games and videos.
Session 2. (approx. 60 min). Interactive activities to address HIV transmission myths and misconceptions and the importance of universal precautions.
Session 3. (approx 90 min). Patient interaction skills. In person interactive group session co-facilitated by PLHIV and staff focusing on skills building through role-plays and feedback.
Our previous research has found that these modules address factors identified as contributing to health professionals' stigma.
Time Matched Control Group
The time-matched control group will also receive three sessions; two administered by computers and one in small group format to control for attention effects. However, rather than AIDS stigma, the content will be focused on diabetes management (a disease not considered to be stigmatized).
HIV Stigma Reduction Intervention
The HIV stigma reduction intervention consists of two computer-administered sessions and one group session.
Session 1. (approx. 60 min). Introduction of the concepts of stigma and discrimination, vulnerable populations and symbolic stigma delivered in an interactive tablet format, using games and videos.
Session 2. (approx. 60 min). Interactive activities to address HIV transmission myths and misconceptions and the importance of universal precautions.
Session 3. (approx 90 min). Patient interaction skills. In person interactive group session co-facilitated by PLHIV and staff focusing on skills building through role-plays and feedback.
Our previous research has found that these modules address factors identified as contributing to health professionals' stigma.
Interventions
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HIV Stigma Reduction Intervention
The HIV stigma reduction intervention consists of two computer-administered sessions and one group session.
Session 1. (approx. 60 min). Introduction of the concepts of stigma and discrimination, vulnerable populations and symbolic stigma delivered in an interactive tablet format, using games and videos.
Session 2. (approx. 60 min). Interactive activities to address HIV transmission myths and misconceptions and the importance of universal precautions.
Session 3. (approx 90 min). Patient interaction skills. In person interactive group session co-facilitated by PLHIV and staff focusing on skills building through role-plays and feedback.
Our previous research has found that these modules address factors identified as contributing to health professionals' stigma.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
1. being enrolled as a 2nd year nursing student in one of the study colleges,
2. being 18 years or older,
3. being able and willing to participate in the intervention and all assessments.
For ward attendants:
1. having worked as ward attendant at one of the study hospitals for at least a year
2. being 18 years or older,
3. being able and willing to participate in the intervention and all assessments.
Exclusion Criteria
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
NIH
University of California, San Francisco
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Maria L Ekstrand, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of California, San Francisco
Locations
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St. John's Research Institute/St John's Medical College & Hospital
Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Countries
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References
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Shah SM, Heylen E, Srinivasan K, Perumpil S, Ekstrand ML. Reducing HIV stigma among nursing students: a brief intervention. West J Nurs Res. 2014 Nov;36(10):1323-37. doi: 10.1177/0193945914523685. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
Ekstrand ML, Ramakrishna J, Bharat S, Heylen E. Prevalence and drivers of HIV stigma among health providers in urban India: implications for interventions. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013 Nov 13;16(3 Suppl 2):18717. doi: 10.7448/IAS.16.3.18717.
Steward WT, Bharat S, Ramakrishna J, Heylen E, Ekstrand ML. Stigma is associated with delays in seeking care among HIV-infected people in India. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2013 Mar-Apr;12(2):103-9. doi: 10.1177/1545109711432315. Epub 2012 Jan 26.
Steward WT, Chandy S, Singh G, Panicker ST, Osmand TA, Heylen E, Ekstrand ML. Depression is not an inevitable outcome of disclosure avoidance: HIV stigma and mental health in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals from Southern India. Psychol Health Med. 2011 Jan;16(1):74-85. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2010.521568.
Nyblade L, Jain A, Benkirane M, Li L, Lohiniva AL, McLean R, Turan JM, Varas-Diaz N, Cintron-Bou F, Guan J, Kwena Z, Thomas W. A brief, standardized tool for measuring HIV-related stigma among health facility staff: results of field testing in China, Dominica, Egypt, Kenya, Puerto Rico and St. Christopher & Nevis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013 Nov 13;16(3 Suppl 2):18718. doi: 10.7448/IAS.16.3.18718.
Nyblade L, Stangl A, Weiss E, Ashburn K. Combating HIV stigma in health care settings: what works? J Int AIDS Soc. 2009 Aug 6;12:15. doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-12-15.
Varas-Diaz N, Marzan-Rodriguez M. The emotional aspect of AIDS stigma among health professionals in Puerto Rico. AIDS Care. 2007 Nov;19(10):1247-57. doi: 10.1080/09540120701405403.
Varas-Diaz N, Neilands TB. Development and validation of a culturally appropriate HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale for Puerto Rican health professionals in training. AIDS Care. 2009 Oct;21(10):1259-70. doi: 10.1080/09540120902804297.
Ekstrand ML, Bharat S, Ramakrishna J, Heylen E. Blame, symbolic stigma and HIV misconceptions are associated with support for coercive measures in urban India. AIDS Behav. 2012 Apr;16(3):700-10. doi: 10.1007/s10461-011-9888-z.
Li L, Liang LJ, Lin C, Wu Z, Wen Y. Individual attitudes and perceived social norms: Reports on HIV/AIDS-related stigma among service providers in China. Int J Psychol. 2009 Dec;44(6):443-50. doi: 10.1080/00207590802644774.
Li L, Lin C, Wu Z, Wu S, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Detels R, Jia M. Stigmatization and shame: consequences of caring for HIV/AIDS patients in China. AIDS Care. 2007 Feb;19(2):258-63. doi: 10.1080/09540120600828473.
Li L, Wu Z, Wu S, Zhaoc Y, Jia M, Yan Z. HIV-related stigma in health care settings: a survey of service providers in China. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2007 Oct;21(10):753-62. doi: 10.1089/apc.2006.0219.
Li L, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Lin C, Detels R, Wu S. Using case vignettes to measure HIV-related stigma among health professionals in China. Int J Epidemiol. 2007 Feb;36(1):178-84. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyl256. Epub 2006 Dec 14.
Bharat S. Facing the HIV / AIDS challenge: a study on household and community responses. Health Millions. 1998 Jan-Feb;24(1):15-6, 19.
Mahendra VS, Gilborn L, Bharat S, Mudoi R, Gupta I, George B, Samson L, Daly C, Pulerwitz J. Understanding and measuring AIDS-related stigma in health care settings: a developing country perspective. SAHARA J. 2007 Aug;4(2):616-25. doi: 10.1080/17290376.2007.9724883.
Noar SM, Black HG, Pierce LB. Efficacy of computer technology-based HIV prevention interventions: a meta-analysis. AIDS. 2009 Jan 2;23(1):107-15. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831c5500.
Lightfoot M, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Comulada WS, Reddy VS, Duan N. Efficacy of brief interventions in clinical care settings for persons living with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Mar;53(3):348-56. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181c429b3.
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