Effects of 5-day Statin Withdrawal on Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

NCT ID: NCT01600690

Last Updated: 2013-08-13

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: PHASE4
• Total Enrollment: 34 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2012-05-31
• Study Completion Date: 2013-08-31

Brief Summary

Statins are commonly prescribed to lower cardiovascular risk in primary and secondary prevention. Despite their well known efficacy, statin withdrawal is a common event. Even a short term statin withdrawal can have dramatic consequences on atherosclerotic plaque stability, owing to a rebound in cholesterol levels and inflammation.

The effects of a short term statin withdrawal on endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and monocyte/macrophage polarization is unknown.

In this study, the investigators will explore the effects of a 5-day statin withdrawal on EPC and monocyte/macrophage polarization, together with other inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients. The investigators hypothesize that statin withdrawal determines a reduction in EPC levels and an inflammatory cell polarization.

Patients will be randomized to continue their habitual statin regimen or to withdraw statin. At baseline and 5 days later, blood samples will be collected for experimental measures.

Detailed Description

Statins are commonly prescribed to lower cardiovascular risk in primary and secondary prevention. Despite their well known efficacy with relatively low NNTs, statin withdrawal is a common event for several reasons. Patients often stop statin therapies for long or short periods of time. Even a short term statin withdrawal can have dramatic consequences on atherosclerotic plaque stability, owing to a rebound in cholesterol levels and inflammation. Previous studies have demonstrated worsening of inflammation and endothelial function after a short-term statin withdrawal. This may be even more dramatic in patients who are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, such as diabetic patients.

Endothelial integrity is accomplished through the contribution of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) which repair the damaged endothelial layer and contribute to cardiovascular health in general. EPC are stimulated by statins, but there is no data on the effect of statin withdrawal on EPCs.

One important aspect of inflammation is the pro- versus anti-inflammatory polarization of circulating monocyte/macrophage (MM) cells. Schematically, MM can exist in 2 different states of activation: the classically activated pro-inflammatory cells (M1) and the alternatively activated anti-inflammatory cells (M2). The balance between these 2 (M1/M2 ratio) reflects the state of MM polarization. The effects of statin withdrawal on MM polarization is unknown.

In this study, we will explore the effects of a 5-day statin withdrawal on EPC and monocyte/macrophage polarization, together with other inflammatory biomarkers (namely high sensitive C-reactive protein) in type 2 diabetic patients. We hypothesise that statin withdrawal determines a reduction in EPC levels and an inflammatory cell polarization.

Patients will be randomized to continue their habitual statin regimen or to withdraw statin. At baseline and 5 days later, blood samples will be collected for experimental measures (EPC, M1, M2 and hsCRP).

Conditions

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Atherosclerosis; Dyslipidemia

Keywords

Stem cells; Regeneration; Inflammation

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Continue statin regimen

Patients randomized to this arm will continue their usual statin regimen and dose, without any intervention.

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Statin withdrawal

Patients randomized to this arm will stop statin treatment for 5 days.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Statin withdrawal

Intervention Type: OTHER

Patients are instructed to stop taking statin pills for the duration of the study. The rest of therapy will remain unchanged.

Interventions

Statin withdrawal

Patients are instructed to stop taking statin pills for the duration of the study. The rest of therapy will remain unchanged.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Age 35-80
• Males and Females
• eGFR>30 ml/min/1.73 mq
• On statin therapy from at least 6 months
• Minimal statin dosage: Simvastatin 10 mg; Pravastatin 40 mg; Fluvastatin 80 mg; Rosuvastatin 5 mg; Atorvastatin 10 mg.

Exclusion Criteria

• Type 1 diabetes mellitus
• Age <35 or >80
• Chronic renal failure (eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73 mq)
• Recent (within 1 month) acute diseases or trauma or surgery
• Chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis)
• Active cancer
• LDL cholesterol > 160 mg/dL
• Carotid atherosclerosis (>30% stenosis), coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease (Leriche stages II-IV)
• On ezetimibe, fibrates, or niacin
• Therapy with EP hormones
• Pregnancy or lactation
• Inability to provide informed consent

• Minimum Eligible Age: 35 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 80 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

University of Padova

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Gian Paolo Fadini

Assistant Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Gian Paolo Fadini, M.D.

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

University of Padova

Locations

University Hospital Diabetes Outpatient Clinic

Padua, , Italy

Countries

Italy

Other Identifiers

2616P

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id