Trial Outcomes & Findings for Comparison of Indacaterol 150 mcg Once Daily (o.d.) With Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate 50 mcg/500 mcg Twice Daily (b.i.d.) (NCT NCT01555138)

NCT ID: NCT01555138

Last Updated: 2015-04-28

Results Overview

Spirometry conducted to internationally accepted standards. Trough FEV1 defined as the mean of the FEV1 measurements at 23 h 10 min and 23 h 45 min post the Day 84 morning dose. The primary variable (imputed with last observation carried forward) will be analysed using a mixed model for the Per Protocol Set (PPS). The model will contain treatment as a fixed effect with the baseline FEV1 measurement, FEV1 prior to inhalation and FEV1 10-15 min post inhalation of salbutamol (components of reversibility at Visit 1) as covariates.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE4

Target enrollment

581 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

12 weeks

Results posted on

2015-04-28

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Indacaterol
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
Overall Study
STARTED
293
288
Overall Study
COMPLETED
246
250
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
47
38

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Indacaterol
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
Overall Study
Death
0
1
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
1
0
Overall Study
Abnormal Lab reults
1
3
Overall Study
Lack of Efficacy
2
2
Overall Study
Protocol Violation
5
3
Overall Study
Administrative problems
8
0
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
16
15
Overall Study
Adverse Event
14
14

Baseline Characteristics

Comparison of Indacaterol 150 mcg Once Daily (o.d.) With Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate 50 mcg/500 mcg Twice Daily (b.i.d.)

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 Participants
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
n=288 Participants
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
Total
n=581 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
65.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.39 • n=5 Participants
66.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.53 • n=7 Participants
66.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.49 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
89 Participants
n=5 Participants
91 Participants
n=7 Participants
180 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
204 Participants
n=5 Participants
197 Participants
n=7 Participants
401 Participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Population: full analysis set

Spirometry conducted to internationally accepted standards. Trough FEV1 defined as the mean of the FEV1 measurements at 23 h 10 min and 23 h 45 min post the Day 84 morning dose. The primary variable (imputed with last observation carried forward) will be analysed using a mixed model for the Per Protocol Set (PPS). The model will contain treatment as a fixed effect with the baseline FEV1 measurement, FEV1 prior to inhalation and FEV1 10-15 min post inhalation of salbutamol (components of reversibility at Visit 1) as covariates.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 Participants
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
n=288 Participants
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) at 12 Weeks (Imputed With LOCF): Treatment Comparisons
1.591 Liters
Standard Error 0.0276
1.604 Liters
Standard Error 0.0281

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 26 weeks

Population: Full analysis set

Trough FEV1 is defined as the average of the 23 h 10 min and the 23 h 45 min values taken in the clinic at Visit 11.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 Participants
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
n=288 Participants
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
Trough FEV1 (L) at Week 26 (Imputed With LOCF): Treatment Comparisons
1.567 Liters
Standard Error 0.0302
1.569 Liters
Standard Error 0.0307

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Population: Full analysis set

FEV1 at each time point, for each visit, will be analyzed using the same mixed model as specified for the primary analysis. Least squares means will be displayed by treatment group.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 Participants
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
n=288 Participants
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 12 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
23h 45 min post-dose
1.597 Liters
Standard Error 0.0283
1.613 Liters
Standard Error 0.0291
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 12 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
-15 min pre-dose
1.623 Liters
Standard Error 0.0282
1.616 Liters
Standard Error 0.287
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 12 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
5 min post-dose
1.631 Liters
Standard Error 0.0209
1.613 Liters
Standard Error 0.0209
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 12 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
-50 min pre-dose
1.601 Liters
Standard Error 0.0281
1.588 Liters
Standard Error 0.0286
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 12 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
30 min post-dose,
1.667 Liters
Standard Error 0.0207
1.656 Liters
Standard Error 0.0208
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 12 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
1h post-dose,
1.693 Liters
Standard Error 0.0285
1.684 Liters
Standard Error 0.0293
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 12 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
2h post-dose
1.705 Liters
Standard Error 0.0291
1.708 Liters
Standard Error 0.0300
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 12 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
4h post-dose
1.670 Liters
Standard Error 0.0215
1.699 Liters
Standard Error 0.0216
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 12 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
23h 10 min post-dose
1.577 Liters
Standard Error 0.0277
1.591 Liters
Standard Error 0.0284

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 26 weeks

Population: Full analysis set

FEV1 at each time point, for each visit, will be analyzed using the same mixed model as specified for the primary analysis. Least squares means will be displayed by treatment group .

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 Participants
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
n=288 Participants
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 26 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
-50 min pre-dose
1.569 Liters
Standard Error 0.0301
1.582 Liters
Standard Error 0.0304
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 26 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
30 min post-dose,
1.670 Liters
Standard Error 0.0244
1.656 Liters
Standard Error 0.0244
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 26 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
1h post-dose,
1.676 Liters
Standard Error 0.0317
1.677 Liters
Standard Error 0.0324
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 26 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
2h post-dose
1.700 Liters
Standard Error 0.0318
1.693 Liters
Standard Error 0.0325
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 26 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
4h post-dose
1.664 Liters
Standard Error 0.0320
1.663 Liters
Standard Error 0.0328
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 26 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
23h 10 min post-dose
1.551 Liters
Standard Error 0.0305
1.559 Liters
Standard Error 0.0310
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 26 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
23h 45 min post-dose
1.574 Liters
Standard Error 0.313
1.575 Liters
Standard Error 0.0318
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 26 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
-15 min pre-dose
1.576 Liters
Standard Error 0.0294
1.595 Liters
Standard Error 0.0300
FEV1 (L) at Individual Time Points After 26 Weeks Treatment: Treatment Comparisons
5 min post-dose
1.630 Liters
Standard Error 0.0304
1.630 Liters
Standard Error 0.0310

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 and 26 weeks

Population: Full analysis set

FVC at each time point, for each visit, will be analyzed using the same mixed model as specified for the primary analysis. Least squares means will be displayed by treatment group.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 Participants
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
n=288 Participants
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
FVC Over 26 Weeks of Treatment
12 weeks
3.090 Liters
Standard Error 0.0457
3.064 Liters
Standard Error 0.0466
FVC Over 26 Weeks of Treatment
26 weeks
3.057 Liters
Standard Error 0.0512
3.062 Liters
Standard Error 0.0520

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 and 26 weeks

Population: Full analysis set

The standardized (with respect to the length of time) AUC for FEV1 will be calculated between 5 min and 4 h post morning dose as the sum of trapezoids divided by the length of time at Day 84 (Visit 6) and Day 182 (Visit 10). Scheduled (not actual) time points are to be used. FEV1 measurements taken within 6 h of rescue use will be set to missing before the standardized AUC is calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 Participants
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
n=288 Participants
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
Analysis of AUC (5 Min - 4 h) for FEV1 (L) at Week 12 and Week 26: Treatment Comparison
Week 12
1.689 Liters
Standard Error 0.0201
1.689 Liters
Standard Error 0.0203
Analysis of AUC (5 Min - 4 h) for FEV1 (L) at Week 12 and Week 26: Treatment Comparison
Week 26
1.683 Liters
Standard Error 0.0304
1.682 Liters
Standard Error 0.0310

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 and 26 weeks

The Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI) total score after 12 and 26 weeks of treatment will be analyzed using the same mixed model as specified for the primary analysis with the Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) total score as the baseline.Total score ranging - 9 to + 9. The lower the score, the more deterioration in severity of dyspnea. One additional option in each category, which does not contribute to the score, allows for circumstances in which impairment is due to reasons other than dyspnea.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 Participants
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
n=288 Participants
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
TDI Focal Score at Week 12 and Week 26: Treatment Comparisons
12 weeks
1.89 Units on a scale
Standard Error 0.499
1.69 Units on a scale
Standard Error 0.509
TDI Focal Score at Week 12 and Week 26: Treatment Comparisons
26 weeks
2.58 Units on a scale
Standard Error 0.543
2.70 Units on a scale
Standard Error 0.552

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 26 weeks

The number of exacerbations during the 26 week treatment period will be analyzed using a generalized linear model assuming a negative binomial distribution.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 Participants
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
n=288 Participants
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
Number of COPD Exacerbations Per Patient Over 26 Weeks: Treatment Comparisons (Without Imputation; Full Analysis Set)
Greater than or equal to four
0 participants
0 participants
Number of COPD Exacerbations Per Patient Over 26 Weeks: Treatment Comparisons (Without Imputation; Full Analysis Set)
none
233 participants
215 participants
Number of COPD Exacerbations Per Patient Over 26 Weeks: Treatment Comparisons (Without Imputation; Full Analysis Set)
one
47 participants
57 participants
Number of COPD Exacerbations Per Patient Over 26 Weeks: Treatment Comparisons (Without Imputation; Full Analysis Set)
two
11 participants
15 participants
Number of COPD Exacerbations Per Patient Over 26 Weeks: Treatment Comparisons (Without Imputation; Full Analysis Set)
three
2 participants
1 participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 and 26 weeks

The mean daily number of puffs of rescue medication taken by the patient will be derived. If the number of puffs is missing for part of the day (either morning or evening) then a half day will be used in the denominator. Rescue medication data recorded during the 14 day run-in period will be used to calculate the baseline. The mean change from baseline in the daily number of puffs of rescue medication will be analyzed using the same mixed model as specified for the primary analysis, with the baseline FEV1 replaced with the baseline daily rescue use.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 Participants
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
n=288 Participants
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
Mean Daily Number of Puffs of Rescue Medication Used Over 26 Weeks of Treatment
Baseline
1.82 number of puffs
Standard Deviation 2.274
1.83 number of puffs
Standard Deviation 2.035
Mean Daily Number of Puffs of Rescue Medication Used Over 26 Weeks of Treatment
Week 12
1.50 number of puffs
Standard Deviation 1.883
1.45 number of puffs
Standard Deviation 1.697
Mean Daily Number of Puffs of Rescue Medication Used Over 26 Weeks of Treatment
Week 26
1.37 number of puffs
Standard Deviation 1.775
1.37 number of puffs
Standard Deviation 1.678

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 26 weeks

Population: Full Analysis Set

A 'day with no rescue use' is defined from diary data as any day where the patient has taken no puffs of rescue medication. The percentage of 'days with no rescue use' will be derived and analyzed as for the percentage of 'nights with no nighttime awakenings'.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 Participants
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
n=288 Participants
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
Rescue Medication Use Over 26 Weeks: Percentage of 'Days With no Rescue Use'
52.8 % of Days
Standard Error 3.71
54.6 % of Days
Standard Error 3.68

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 and 26 weeks

Population: Full Analysis set

A Total and three component scores are calculated: Symptoms; Activity; Impacts. Each component of the questionnaire is scored separately:The score for each component is calculated separately by dividing the summed weights by the maximum possible weight for that component and expressing the result as a percentage: Score = 100 x Summed weights from all positive items in that component divided by Sum of weights for all items in that component The Total score is calculated in similar way: Score = 100 x Summed weights from all positive items in the questionnaire divided by Sum of weights for all items in the questionnaire Sum of maximum possible weights for each component and Total: Symptoms 566.2 Activity 982.9 Impacts 1652.8 Total (sum of maximum for all three components) 3201.9 The proportion of patients who achieve a clinically important improvement of at least 4 units in the total SGRQ will be analyzed. The higher the score the more symptoms of disease are present.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 Participants
Indacaterol 150 mcg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
n=288 Participants
Salmeterol 50 mcg /fluticasone propionate 500 mcg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD
Week 12
32.8 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.58
32.9 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.61
St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD
Week 26
33.1 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.87
33.5 scores on a scale
Standard Error 1.93

Adverse Events

Indacaterol

Serious events: 5 serious events
Other events: 70 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Salmeterol/Fluticasone

Serious events: 17 serious events
Other events: 85 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 participants at risk
Indacaterol 150 μg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone
n=288 participants at risk
Salmeterol 50 μg /fluticasone propionate 500 μg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Anaemia
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Thrombocytopenia
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Cardiac disorders
Atrial fibrillation
0.00%
0/293
0.69%
2/288
Cardiac disorders
Bradycardia
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Cardiac disorders
Cardiac failure
0.34%
1/293
0.00%
0/288
Cardiac disorders
Coronary artery disease
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Cardiac disorders
Supraventricular tachycardia
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Gastrointestinal disorders
Duodenitis
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Gastrointestinal disorders
Dyspepsia
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Gastrointestinal disorders
Pancreatitis acute
0.34%
1/293
0.00%
0/288
General disorders
Non-cardiac chest pain
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
General disorders
Sudden death
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Hepatobiliary disorders
Cholelithiasis
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Hepatobiliary disorders
Cholestasis
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Infections and infestations
Pneumonia
0.00%
0/293
0.69%
2/288
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Gastric cancer
0.34%
1/293
0.00%
0/288
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Mesothelioma
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Neurilemmoma benign
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Renal cancer
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Nervous system disorders
Transient ischaemic attack
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
0.34%
1/293
1.0%
3/288
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pneumothorax spontaneous
0.34%
1/293
0.00%
0/288
Vascular disorders
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288
Vascular disorders
Peripheral artery thrombosis
0.00%
0/293
0.35%
1/288

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Indacaterol
n=293 participants at risk
Indacaterol 150 μg once daily (o.d.) delivered via the Novartis single dose dry power inhaler (SDDPI) (Onbrez® Breezhaler®)
Salmeterol/Fluticasone
n=288 participants at risk
Salmeterol 50 μg /fluticasone propionate 500 μg for inhalation delivered via a proprietary multi dose dry powder inhaler (MDDPI) device (Seretide® Accuhaler®) twice daily (b.i.d.)
Infections and infestations
Nasopharyngitis
5.1%
15/293
6.2%
18/288
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
20.5%
60/293
24.7%
71/288

Additional Information

Study Director

Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Phone: 862-778-8300

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee The terms and conditions of Novartis' agreements with its investigators may vary. However, Novartis does not prohibit any investigator from publishing. Any publications from a single-site are postponed until the publication of the pooled data (ie, data from all sites) in the clinical trial
  • Publication restrictions are in place

Restriction type: OTHER