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Azacitidine With or Without L...

Azacitidine With or Without Lenalidomide or Vorinostat in Treating Patients With Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes or Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Last Updated: 2025-11-26

Study Results

Results available

Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE2

Total Enrollment

282 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2012-03-01

Study Completion Date

2026-03-19

Brief Summary

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This randomized phase II/III trial studies how well azacitidine works with or without lenalidomide or vorinostat in treating patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as azacitidine, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Lenalidomide may stop the growth of cancer cells by stopping blood flow to the cancer. Vorinostat may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. It is not yet known whether azacitidine is more effective with or without lenalidomide or vorinostat in treating myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

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Lenalidomide and Azacitidine in Treating Patients With Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndromes

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Detailed Description

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PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To select based on response rate (complete remission, partial remission, or hematologic improvement) either the combination of lenalidomide and azacitidine or the combination of vorinostat and azacitidine for further testing against single-agent azacitidine among patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). (Phase II) II. To compare overall survival between the combination arm selected in the Phase II portion of the trial to single-agent azacitidine among patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). (Phase III)

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To estimate relapse-free survival, overall survival and cytogenetic response rate of patients treated on each regimen.

II. To estimate the frequency and severity of toxicities of the three regimens in this patient population.

III. To investigate in a preliminary manner the frequency of subgroups from prestudy cytogenetic studies and correlate these subgroups with clinical outcomes in this patient population.

IV. To collect specimens for banking for use in future research studies.

TERTIARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate the prevalence of a pre-specified list of molecular lesions (48 total lesions).

II. To assess associations of these lesions with outcomes (response, event-free survival, relapse-free survival, and overall survival).

III. To develop a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation biomarker predictive of response to DMTi treatment in MDS.

IV. To harness gene expression profiles as clinical biomarkers of primary resistance to DMTi in MDS.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 treatment arms. In Phase III, patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms (the combination arm selected in Phase II or the single-agent azacitidine arm).

ARM I: Patients receive azacitidine subcutaneously (SC) or intravenously (IV) on days 1-7 or days 1-5 and 8-9, and lenalidomide orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-21.

ARM II: Patients receive azacitidine as in Arm I.

ARM III: Patients receive azacitidine as in Arm I and vorinostat PO twice daily (BID) on days 3-9.

In all arms, treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 5 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for up to 5 years.

Conditions

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Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-1 Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-2 Myelodysplastic Syndrome Myelodysplastic Syndrome With Excess Blasts Myelodysplastic Syndrome With Excess Blasts-1 Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Arm I (azacitidine and lenalidomide)

Patients receive azacitidine SC or IV on days 1-7 or days 1-5 and 8-9, and lenalidomide PO QD on days 1-21. Courses repeat every 28 days for up to 5 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Azacitidine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given SC or IV

Laboratory Biomarker Analysis

Intervention Type OTHER

Correlative studies

Lenalidomide

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

Arm II (azacitidine)

Patients receive azacitidine as in Arm I. Courses repeat every 28 days for up to 5 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Azacitidine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given SC or IV

Laboratory Biomarker Analysis

Intervention Type OTHER

Correlative studies

Arm III (azacitidine and vorinostat)

Patients receive azacitidine as in Arm I and vorinostat PO BID on days 3-9. Courses repeat every 28 days for up to 5 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Azacitidine

Intervention Type DRUG

Given SC or IV

Laboratory Biomarker Analysis

Intervention Type OTHER

Correlative studies

Vorinostat

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

Interventions

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Azacitidine

Given SC or IV

Intervention Type DRUG

Laboratory Biomarker Analysis

Correlative studies

Intervention Type OTHER

Lenalidomide

Given PO

Intervention Type DRUG

Vorinostat

Given PO

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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5 AZC 5-AC 5-Azacitidine 5-Azacytidine 5-AZC Azacytidine Azacytidine, 5- Ladakamycin Mylosar U-18496 Vidaza CC 5013 CC-5013 CC5013 CDC 501 Revlimid L-001079038 MSK-390 SAHA Suberanilohydroxamic Acid Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Zolinza

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients must have morphologically confirmed diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) based on one of the following:

* French-American-British (FAB) classifications:

* Refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB - defined as having 5-20% myeloblasts in the bone marrow)
* Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) with 10-19% myeloblasts in the bone marrow and/or 5-19% blasts in the blood
* World Health Organization (WHO) classifications:

* Refractory anemia with excess blasts-1 (RAEB-1 - defined as having 5-9% myeloblasts in the bone marrow)
* Refractory anemia with excess blasts-2 (RAEB-2 - defined as having 10-19% myeloblasts in the bone marrow and/or 5-19% blasts in the blood)
* Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia-1 (CMML-1 - defined as having \< 10% myeloblasts in the bone marrow and/or \< 5% blasts in the blood)
* Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia-2 (CMML-2 - defined as having 10-19% myeloblasts in the bone marrow and/or 5-19% blasts in the blood) OR
* International prognostic score (IPSS) of intermediate 2 (1.5-2.0 points) or high (\>= 2.5 points); a score of intermediate 1 (0.5-1.0 points) is only allowable in the setting of \>= 5% myeloblasts
* NOTE: Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are not eligible
* Procedures to obtain specimens for establishing baseline disease must be done within 30 days prior to registration
* Patients must not have received lenalidomide, azacitidine, vorinostat, or decitabine as treatment previously; any hematopoietic growth factors must be stopped for at least 14 days prior to registration; patients may have received low-dose cytarabine for MDS treatment previously, but they must have discontinued its use for at least 28 days prior to registration; patients may have received prior hydroxyurea per CMML treatment previously, but they must have discontinued its use for at least 7 days prior to registration; these patients will not be eligible if white blood cell (WBC) \> 30,000/mm\^3
* Patients must not have received radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or cytotoxic therapy to treat conditions other than MDS within 12 months prior to registration
* Patients must not have undergone prior allogeneic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation at any time; patients that have undergone an autologous stem cell transplant are eligible
* Patients must not have used or be using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor agents for anticancer treatment
* Patients may not have received agents such as valproic acid for epilepsy within 30 days prior to registration
* Patients must have Zubrod performance status of 0-2
* Patients must not have any pre-existing neurotoxicity/neuropathy of \>= grade 2 according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Toxicity Criteria version 4.0, or prior \>= grade 3 allergic reaction/hypersensitivity or rash to thalidomide, that has not resolved to \< grade 2
* Patients must not have any serious medical condition, laboratory abnormality, or psychiatric illness that, in the view of the treating physician, would place the participant at an unacceptable risk if he or she were to participate in the study or would prevent that person from giving informed consent
* Patients must not have history of thromboembolic event or other condition requiring current use of anticoagulation with Coumadin (warfarin) or low molecular-weight heparin
* Patients must not have known or suspected hypersensitivity to mannitol
* Patients must receive a 12-lead electrocardiogram (EKG), chest x-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan, serum creatinine, complete metabolic panel including serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), electrolytes, and bilirubin testing within 28 days prior to registration in order to establish baseline measurements; questions regarding patient safety in regards to results of these tests should be directed to the study chair
* Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test with a sensitivity of at least 25 mIU/mL within 10 - 14 days prior to registration; FCBP must agree to have a second pregnancy test within 24 hours prior to starting cycle 1 if randomized to receive lenalidomide

* Further, patients commit to the following if they are randomized to receive lenalidomide: FCBP must either commit to continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse or begin TWO acceptable methods of birth control: one highly effective method and one additional effective method AT THE SAME TIME, at least 28 days before starting lenalidomide; FCBP must also agree to ongoing pregnancy testing; men must agree to use a latex condom during sexual contact with a FCBP, even if they have had a successful vasectomy; a FCBP is a sexually mature woman who: 1) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months); all patients must be counseled by a trained counselor every 28 days about pregnancy precautions and risks of fetal exposure
* NOTE: Patients not randomized to receive lenalidomide will not be required to undergo serial pregnancy testing or lenalidomide counseling after registration
* No prior malignancy is allowed except for adequately treated basal cell (or squamous cell) skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, or other cancer for which the patient has been disease-free for three years
* Cytogenetics requirements:

* Southwestern Oncology Group (SWOG) (and other sites not affiliated with Alliance or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group \[ECOG\]-American College of Radiology Imaging Network \[ACRIN\]): Pretreatment cytogenetics must be performed on all patients; collection of pretreatment specimens must be completed within 30 days prior to registration to S1117; specimens must be submitted to the site's preferred Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-approved cytogenetics laboratory; reports of the results must be submitted as described; note that cytogenetics are required at other timepoints; NOTE: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) sites may submit specimens to College of American Pathologists (CAP) or Ontario Laboratory Accreditation (OLA)-approved laboratories providing the lab is licensed to perform fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis
* Alliance: Alliance patients must enroll on Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 8461, the cytogenetics protocol; CALGB 8461 provides sample procurement and submission instructions to Alliance-approved institutional cytogeneticists; note that cytogenetics are required at other timepoints
* ECOG-ACRIN: Pretreatment cytogenetics must be performed on all patients; collection of pretreatment specimens must be completed within 30 days prior to registration to S1117; specimens must be submitted to the site's preferred CLIA-approved cytogenetics laboratory; karyotypes and reports must be submitted for review to the Mayo Clinic Cytogenetics Laboratory in Rochester; note that cytogenetics testing is required at other timepoints
* Banking requirements:

* SWOG, Alliance and ECOG-ACRIN (and other sites not affiliated with NCIC CTG): Patients must be offered participation in specimen banking; with patient consent, specimens must be submitted as outlined
* Alliance: (Temporarily Closed 2/28/14): As of February 28, 2014, CALGB 9665 has been temporarily closed, so Alliance patients under consideration for S1117 are NOT to be registered to CALGB 9665 and no specimens for patients enrolled after February 28, 2014 are to be submitted via this ancillary study; these patients should submit specimens per SWOG instructions; patients already enrolled on CALGB 9665 should continue to submit specimens per instructions in CALGB 9665
* NCIC CTG: NCIC CTG patients must be offered participation in specimen submission and banking; with patient consent, specimens must be submitted as outlined
* All patients or their legally authorized representative must be informed of the investigational nature of this study and must sign and give written informed consent in accordance with institutional and federal guidelines
* As a part of the Oncology Patient Enrollment Network (OPEN) registration process the treating institution's identity is provided in order to ensure that the current (within 365 days) date of institutional review board approval for this study has been entered in the system

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Mikkael A Sekeres

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

SWOG Cancer Research Network

Locations

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University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Center

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status

University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute

Mobile, Alabama, United States

Site Status

Mayo Clinic in Arizona

Scottsdale, Arizona, United States

Site Status

Banner University Medical Center - Tucson

Tucson, Arizona, United States

Site Status

University of Arizona Cancer Center-North Campus

Tucson, Arizona, United States

Site Status

John L McClellan Memorial Veterans Hospital

Little Rock, Arkansas, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente-Deer Valley Medical Center

Antioch, California, United States

Site Status

City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center

Duarte, California, United States

Site Status

USC / Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente-Oakland

Oakland, California, United States

Site Status

Stanford Cancer Institute Palo Alto

Palo Alto, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente-Richmond

Richmond, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente-South Sacramento

Sacramento, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center

Sacramento, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente-San Francisco

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente-Santa Teresa-San Jose

San Jose, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente-San Rafael

San Rafael, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente Medical Center - Santa Clara

Santa Clara, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente-Santa Rosa

Santa Rosa, California, United States

Site Status

Sutter Pacific Medical Foundation

Santa Rosa, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente-South San Francisco

South San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente-Vallejo

Vallejo, California, United States

Site Status

Kaiser Permanente-Walnut Creek

Walnut Creek, California, United States

Site Status

The Medical Center of Aurora

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Boulder Community Foothills Hospital

Boulder, Colorado, United States

Site Status